Endocrine System Diseases and Disorders

Gigantism

hyper GH before 25 extreme skeletal size

Acromegaly

hyper GH during adulthood gradual enlargement or

elongation of facial bones and extremities

Pituitary Dwarfism

•Hypo GH before 25

•aka proportional dwarfism

•Usually normal mental & sexual functions

Cushing syndrome hyper glucocorticoids like cortisol fat deposits on upper back; striated pad of fat on chest and

abdomen; “moon” face may be caused by tumor of Ant. Pit (increased ACTH) different form may be caused by hyper aldosterone (low K)

Hyperthyroidism

hyper thyroid hormone nervous, tremor,

weight loss, excessive hunger; fatigue; irritability

Graves disease

hyper thyroid hormone inherited or possibly

autoimmune weight loss,

nervousness, increased heart rate, esophthalmos goiter

Hypothyroidism hypo thyroid hormone sluggish, weight gain;

slowing of body function

Cretinism

hypo thyroid hormone during early development

aka deformed dwarfism

retarded mental development; facial puffiness; lack of muscle coordination

Goiter

lack of iodine in diet enlargement of thyroid

Winter depression hyper melatonin Usually in winter when

days are shorter (sunlight inhibits melatonin)

Aka Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

sadness resulting from exaggerated melatonin effects

expose to high-intensity light

Diabetes insipidus

hypo or insensitivity to ADH

decrease in kidney’s retention of water

excessive urination excessive thirst

Diabetes Mellitus

•“pass through honey”

•Insulin allows glucose to transfer into cell

•Hypo insulin OR target cell insensitivity to insulin

•Hyperglycemia glycosuria polyuria polydipsia

•Hyperglycemia no glucose for energy polyphagia & use of protein & fat ketoacidosis

Type I diabetes hypo insulin due to

destruction of B cells in pancreas

Inherited sudden childhood onset polydipsia, polyuria,

weight loss, fatigue Daily insulin injections Aka insulin dependent

daibetes mellitus (IDDM)

Type II diabetes insensitivity to insulin or

decreased production slow adulthood onset; genetic and environmental

factors polydispia, polyuria,

overeating, fatigue Non-insulin dependent

(NIDDM) Lifestyle change or oral

hypoglycemic agents