Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

Chapter 11Chapter 11

Combining Forms for the Combining Forms for the Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

aden/o adenoma

adren/oadrenotrophicadrenal/oadrenalopathy

andr/o androgenous

Combining Forms for the Combining Forms for the Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

crin/o endocrine

dips/o polydipsia

Combining Forms for the Combining Forms for the Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

gluc/o glucogenicglucos/o glucoseglyc/o hyperglycemiaglycos/o glycosuria

Combining Forms for the Combining Forms for the Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

hormon/o hormonal

ket/o ketogenicketon/o ketonuria

Combining Forms for the Combining Forms for the Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

pancreat/opancreatitis

thym/o thymoma

thyr/o thyrotoxic

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

Functions of the Endocrine Functions of the Endocrine GlandsGlands

Functions of the Endocrine Functions of the Endocrine GlandsGlands(continued)(continued)

Endocrine System OverviewEndocrine System Overview

Network of ductless glands and other structures

Glands secrete hormones which affect function of targeted organs

Endocrine System OverviewEndocrine System Overview

adrenal glands located next to each kidney adrenal cortex (outer part of the gland)

secretes steroid hormones which regulate carbohydrate metabolism and salt and water balance

adrenal medulla (inner portion of the gland)

secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine (fight or flight

(responses)

(continued)(continued)

Endocrine System OverviewEndocrine System Overview

steroid hormones regulate carbohydrate metabolism and salt and water balance

(continued)(continued)

Endocrine System OverviewEndocrine System Overview

ovaries located one on each side of the uterus secretes

estrogen — Responsible for development of female secondary sex characteristics and regulation of reproduction

Progesterone--hormone of pregnancy

Endocrine System OverviewEndocrine System Overview

pancreas (islets of Langerhans) located behind the stomach functions to secrete insulin (in presence of bl. glucose) and glucagon (in the absence of bl. glucose)

parathyroid glands located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland in the neck

functions to secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) Responsible for maintaining Calcium and phosphorus

levels in the blood.

Endocrine System OverviewEndocrine System Overview

pineal gland Located in the center of the brain Secretes melatonin (sleep/wake cycles) and serotonin

Endocrine System OverviewEndocrine System Overview

pituitary gland Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

Located at the base of the brain Secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, growth hormone and prolactin

posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) Releases antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

Hyperthyroidism and Hyperthyroidism and HypothyroidismHypothyroidism

Endocrine System OverviewEndocrine System Overview

testes located one on each side within the scrotum in the male

functions to secrete testosterone

thymus gland located in the mediastinal cavity anterior to and above the heart

functions to secrete thymosin

Endocrine System OverviewEndocrine System Overview

thyroid gland located in the front of the neck secretes triiodothyronine, thyroxine and calcitonin