Endocrine System

Woo. Woo.

Hormones

• Control vital body processes

• Chemical Signals.– When bound to a

molecule, the shape of the molecule changes.

– Responses occur• Often a ‘chain reaction’

• A B C D

Fat Soluble Hormones

Steroid Hormones– Testosterone and

estrogen

– Bind to DNA, activate it. Actually stimulates TRANSCRIPTION of mRNA!

– Can pass through the cell membrane because these are non-polar

                                                                       

                                               

Commonly Abused Commercial Steroid Hormones

Water Soluble Hormones

Usually come from Amino acids ( like epinephrine)– Water soluble,

– cannot pass through the membrane (polar)

– Bind outside of the cell• Opens a channel, or

triggers a cell process

Jobs of Water-soluble Hormones

1. Regulate blood stuff: glucose, sodium, calcium, oxygen, and blood volume.

2. Ballistic regulators: regulate stuff that is an emergency if untreated. CO2 or O2 issues? Ballistic problem! Heart beats faster or slower if gasses are off…

3. Relay Messengers: Tell the fat hormones to release…

Regulate blood stuff: glucose, sodium, calcium, oxygen, and blood volume.

• Insulin and glucagon– Too much sugar? Insulin puts it in storage.

– Too little sugar? Glucagon releases sugar

• Parathyroid and Calcitonin– Too much calcium? Calcitonin stimulates the deposit

into bone

– Too little calcium? Parathyroid hormone takes it out of the bone.

Types of Hormones

• Peptide Hormones– Water soluble

– Bind to the outside of the cell, and trigger second messengers within the cell.

Anterior Pituitary Hormones for Reproduction

• FSH = Follicle-stimulating Hormone– Menstruation, ovulation in

females, estrogen release by ovary

– Testicular activity in males. Testosterone release

• LH = Luteinizing Hormone– Regulates the release of

estrogen and androgen (testosterone) by gonads

– Development of gonads

                                               

     

FSH and LH

• Egg spits out when both of these peak. (ovulation)

Other Ant. Pituitary Hormones• TSH = thyroid stimulating

hormone– metabolism

• GH = Growth hormone• ACTH = adrenocorticotropic

hormone– Adrenal steroid production

• MSH = Melanocyte-stimulating hormone– Melanin and fat metabolism

• Endorphins– Natural ‘opiates’

Tallest man- The tallest man in medical history of whom there is irrefutable evidence was Robert Pershing Wadlow, born on February 22, 1918 in Alton, IL. When he was last measured, on June 27, 1940, Wadlow was 8 ft. 11 1/10 in. tall. His greatest recorded weight was 491 pounds, on his 21st birthday. His shoes were size 37AA (18 1/2 inches) and his hands measured 12 3/4 inches from the wrist to the top of the middle finger. Wadlow was still growing when he died on July 15, 1940 and may have exceeded 9 feet in height.

Posterior Pituitary

• Releases hormones made by the hypothalamus like:

• Oxytocin– Contracts the uterus– Mammary glands

• ADH– Antidiuretic hormone– Retain water in

kidneys