endocrine system
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Endocrine System. Chapter 8. Overview of Hormones. The endocrine and nervous systems often work together to bring about homeostasis. The blood stream transports hormones throughout the body. Each hormone acts on a certain type of tissue called its target tissue. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Endocrine System
Chapter 8
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Overview of Hormones
The endocrine and nervous systems often work together to bring about homeostasis.
The blood stream transports hormones throughout the body.
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Overview of Hormones
Each hormone acts on a certain type of tissue called its target tissue.
Organs, tissues, or cells lacking the specific receptor do not respond to its stimulating effects.
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Negative Feedback Loop
A decrease in function in response to a stimulus
The system controls how much product it makes by shutting down manufacturing when levels of output or the amount of accumulated product gets too high Example # 1: the regulation of the blood glucose
level in the body Example # 2: regulation of body temperature
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Negative Feedback Loop
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Positive Feedback Loop
An increase in function in response to a stimulus
“A” produces more of “B” which in turn produces more of “A”
Only a few positive feedback loops occur in the human endocrine system. Example: the process of birthing a child
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Positive Feedback Loop
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Glands
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Glands
Exocrine glands – secretions released into ducts opening onto an epithelial surface
Endocrine glands – ductless organs that secrete their molecules directly into the bloodstream
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Glands
Endocrine glands are activated by other hormones
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Hypothalamus
Controls the pituitary gland Receives information from the nervous
system
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Pituitary
Location: Inferior to the hypothalamus Known as the master gland
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I. Anterior Pituitary
1. Growth hormone (GH) General metabolic hormone Major effects are directed to growth of skeletal muscles and
long bones
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I. Anterior Pituitary
2. Prolactin (PRL) Stimulates and maintains milk production following
childbirth Function in males is unknown
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I. Anterior Pituitary
3. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Regulates endocrine activity of the adrenal cortex
which makes a hormone called cortisol (helps the body manage stress)
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I. Anterior Pituitary
4. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Produces the hormone thyroxine
Regulates the rate of metabolism
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I. Anterior Pituitary
Gonadotropic hormones – Regulate hormonal activity of the gonads 5. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Stimulates follicle development in ovaries Stimulates sperm development in testes
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I. Anterior Pituitary
Gonadotropic hormones – Regulate hormonal activity of the gonads 6. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Triggers ovulation Prepares uterus for fertilized egg Stimulates testosterone production in males
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II. Posterior Pituitary
1. Oxytocin Stimulates contractions of the uterus during labor Causes milk ejection
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II. Posterior Pituitary
2. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Can inhibit urine production In large amounts, causes vasoconstriction leading to
increased blood pressure
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Posterior Pituitary Anterior Pituitary
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Mnemonic Device for anterior and posterior pituitary gland Anterior pituitary
FLAT PIG 1. FSH 2. LH 3. ACTH 4. TSH
5. Prolactin (Ignore) 6. Growth Hormone
Posterior pituitary Audio Osmosis = AO
1. ADH 2. Oxytocin
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Anterior Pituitary Gland ChartMnemonic Device(Letter)
Hormone Targeted Area Produces
F FSH Ovaries and Testes Sperm and egg
L LH Ovaries and Testes Ovulation and testosterone
A ACTH Adrenal Gland Cortisol
T TSH Thyroid Thryoxine
P Prolactin Breast Milk
I Ignore - -
G GH Muscles and bones Growth of muscles and bones
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Mnemonic Device (Letter)
Hormone Targeted Area Produces
A ADH Kidneys Inhibit urine production
O Oxytocin Uterus and breast Uterine contraction and milk letdown
Posterior Pituitary Gland Chart