1.1. If the maxillary first molar is found to have 4 canals, the 4th canal is most found :a. In the disto-buccal rootb. In the mesio-buccal rootc. In the palatal rootd. All of the above2. Step back or backfilling means; to instrument the root canal to the full length predetermined working length.a. Trueb. False3. The " Working Length" of a tooth refers to:a. The total length of a tooth from crown tip to root tip.b. The measured length of a radiograph of the tooth.c. The distance between a reference point on the crown and the apical limit of the tooth.d. None of the above.4. A central incisor diagnostic (pre operative) radiograph image measures 25mm from the incisal edge to the root apex. The estimated (initial) working length is :a. 21mmb. 25mmc. 23mmd. 27mm5. You are taking a working length radiograph of a normally positioned maxillary premolar with 2 equal length roots. In the mesial shift (relative to the "normal" diagnostic radiograph) the palatal root apex in relation to the zygomatic process "moves" to the:a. Occlusalb. Apicalc. Distald. Mesial6. The main objective of root canal obturation is to allow an ingress of tissue fluid exudates into the root canal space.a. Trueb. False7. Gutta Percha points consist mostly of:a. Gutta Perchab. Zinc oxidec. Zinc phosphate

d. Glass ionomer8. Requirements of an ideal root canal filling material include the following except:a. Dimensional stability: no shrinkage after insertionb. Non-irritant to periapical tissuec. Radiolucent when viewed by radiographd. Easy to remove from the canal if necessary

9. Leaving the tooth open between appointment during root canal therapy could lead to:a. Healing of the periapical lesionb. Bacterial contamination of the root canal systemc. Neither A nor B10. In instrumentation you should use a curved file.a. Trueb. False11. Root canal sealer cement is used mainly to:a. Create radioopacityb. Fill in voids and canal irrigularitiesc. Disinfect the root canal systemd. Strengthen the filling12. An irrigating solution is used during root canal therapy to:a. Lubricate the canalb. Flush out debrisc. Aid in cleaning the canald. All of the abovee. None of the above13. Which of the following are explanation as to why the initial gutta percha master cone will not completely go to full working length even though it is same number as the last enlarging instrument used?a. Debris remain in the canalb. A ledge exists in the canal upon which the point is catchingc. None of the aboved. All of the above14. You started instrumenting the root canal until you reached the master apical file size #30 K, a series of files are used after the MAF with 1mm short of each other. The technique is called:a. Recapitulationb. Step-backc. Tug-back

d. None of the above15. Which of the following is an error occurred during obturation of the root canal?a. Ledge formationb. Voidsc. Filling lateral canald. Broken instrument16. The "TUGBACK" of the master gutta percha cone refers to:a. The tensile strength of the gutta percha coneb. The retention of the cone in the apical portion of the canalc. The retention of the cone in the coronal half of the canald. None of the above

17. The following are common errors can be created during access opining processa. Perforation of the crown or the furcation areab. Making the access opining through the distal surface of the toothc. Complete removal of cariesd. A, B, and D18. Limitation of radiograph includesa. Only 2 dimensions are shown on a single filmb. Various states of pulpal and periradicular pathosis are indistinguishable in the x-ray shadowc. Lesions of the cortical bone are likely to go undetectedd. A and Be. All of the above19. Objectives of rubber dam:a. Patient protectionb. Facilitate and increase efficiencyc. Minimize cross-infectiond. Legal consideratione. All of the above20. In giving local anesthesia in endodontics:a. Maxilla bone is less dense than mandibleb. Buccal infiltrations or supraperiosteal injection are sufficient to obtain pulpal anesthesia in maxilla and mandiblec. Block anesthesia is more effective in mandibled. A and Ce. All of the above21. Mesiobuccal root of upper 1st molar is innervated by:

a. PSA nerveb. MSA or ASA nervec. None of the above22. In inferior alveolar nerve blocka. Pulpal anesthesia obtained from central incisor to 3rd molarb. Usually results in lingual nerve block as wellc. Anesthetize buccal soft tissues of molar regiond. All of the abovee. A and B23. Purpose of the access cavitya. Access to the end of the rootb. Controlled instrument placementc. Allow removal of debrisd. Allow introduction of materials and instrumentse. All of the above24. In endodontic access preparation of maxillary anterior teeth, all statements are true except:a. Entrance is always gained through the lingual surfaceb. Initial entrance is prepared a right angle to the long axis of the toothc. No. 1 or 2 round bur must be used internally to open the coronal partd. The preliminary cavity outline is triangular in shape25. If there are 2 canals in the distal root of mandibular 1st molar they usually:a. Each have their own apical foramenb. Begin as a single canal and bifurcate in the apical halfc. Begin as 2 canals and join and exit as oned. Are smaller than the mesial canal26. A root that seldom contains 2 canals is the:a. Distobuccal root of the maxillary molarb. Mandibular central incisorc. Maxillary second premolard. Distal root of the mandibular molar27. The access outline forma. Should be somewhat smaller than the form created by connecting thr root orificesb. Reflects the shape of the crown of the toothc. Should extend onto the tooth's marginal ridgesd. All of the above28. Entry into maxillary central incisor is madea. Below (apical to) the cingulum in the direction of the long axis of the tooth

b. Just coronal to the cingulum in the direction of the long axis of the toothc. To include the marginal ridgesd. With a slow speed bur29. The maxillary 1st premolara. Canal orifices lie beneath the central grooveb. Is similar in length to the maxillary caninec. May have one, two, or three canalsd. All of the abovee. None of the above30. Nerve fibers of the dental pulp are classified according to their:a. Functionb. Diameterc. Conduction velocityd. All of the above31. The diameter of the A-delta sensory nerve fiber of the pulp is:a. 5-12 μmb. 5-12 cmc. 1-5kgd. 1-5 μm32. The fluid movement in dentinal tubles (Hydrodynamic theory) is of dentin sensitivity (pain). It was introduced by:a. Brannstrom 1966b. Byers 1980c. Kim 1983d. None of the above33. The following theories were suggested to explain the dental pain:a. There is a direct stimulation of nerve endings in dentinb. The odontoblast do not acts as a receptor cellc. The hydrodynamic theoryd. A and C onlye. All of the above34. Most of nerves of the pulp fall into 2 main categories A and C has the following characteristics :a. Myelinatedb. Usually associated with tissue injuryc. Has a diameter of 1-5 mmd. All of the above35. The diameter of the C- sensory nerve fiber of the pulp is :a. 1-5μmb. 5-12μm

c. 0.4-1 cmd. 0.4-1μm36. The pain characteristics of A-fibers is:a. Dull, burningb. Mildc. Sharp and prickingd. None of the above37. Pulpal blood flow is usually regulated by:a. Amoxicillin 250mgb. Panadol 500mgc. Arterio-venous anastomosisd. None of the above38. Capiliary blood flow in the coronal portion of the dental pulp is double root portion.a. Trueb. False39. The detailed network arrangement of pulpal microvascular in … viscosity synthetic resin "Corrosion Resin Cast" and scanning electromicroscop was first studied by:a. Saunders 1957b. Takahashi 1982c. Avery 1970d. None of the above40. The following structural elements are found in the pulp:a. Fibroblast and odontoblastsb. Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and ameloblastsc. Fibers, ground substances and osteoclastsd. All of the above41. Calcification can occur in the dental pulp as:a. Abnormal irregular dentin productionb. Free, attached and embedded denticlesc. All of the aboved. None of the above

42. The first beginning of dental papilla is seen at the :a. 8th week of fetal life of cap stageb. 8th week of fetal life of bell stagec. Dental papilla has nothing to do with tooth developmentd. All of the above

43. Dentin is composed of:a. 7% inorganic materialb. 17% inorganic materialc. 70% organic materiald. 70% inorganic material44. Which statement is correct ?a. Tissue engineering is the field of functional restoration of tissue structural physiology for impaired or damaged tissue because of cancer, diseases or trauma.b. Tissue engineering is the field of functional endodontic of tissue structural microbiology for impaired or damaged tissue because of cancer, diseases or trauma.45. The key elements of tissue engineering are:a. Bacterial cells, morphogens, and a scaffold of extracellular matrixb. Stem cells, morphogens, and a scaffold of extracellular matrixc. Blasma cells, morphogens, and a scaffold of intracellular matrixd. All of the above46. The success rate of endodontic therapy has been found to be _________ in studies on teeth with no periapical periodontitis at the time of treatment.a. 35% - 45%b. 55% - 67%c. 78% - 87%d. 91% - 98%47. Sodium hypochlorite ___________a. Is an effective microcodeb. Effectively dissolve residual tissuec. Can be used without any concern for its extrusion through the apexd. A and B48. The effectiveness of irrigation and the resulting canal cleanliness are attributed primarily on _a. The quality of the microbial controlb. The quality of the coronal sealc. The quality of canal preparationd. All of the above49. Root canal should be cleaned, shaped, and obturated to the constriction for each of the following reasons except :a. The constriction is the narrowest diameter of the canal.b. Lateral and accessory canals are common in the apical 1 to 2 mm of the canal.c. The clinician can easily identify the constriction .d. Obturating materials are maintained within the root canal system.

50. Siqueira et al found sufficient evidence for the effectiveness of sonic and ultrasonic in root canal preparation.a. Trueb. False51. Preparing the curved canal in multiple planes:a. Permits preservation the natural curvaturesb. Increase the risk of furcal perforationc. Requires Gates-Glidden drillsd. Accomplished by maintaining apical patency52. The most common pathway for microbes and microbial products to reach the pulp is:a. Direct through a carious lesionb. Apical extension of periodontal diseasec. Pulpal inflammation and anachoresisd. From adjoining necrotic pulp and periapical lesions53. A cellulites between the superficial fascia requires treatment that includea. Vigorous antibiotic and supportive measuresb. Endotoxins and drainagec. Antibiotic and drainaged. Rest , fluid and supportive measures54. In order to control the incidence of post-treatment flare ups of previous periapical area, it is recommended :a. Use prophylactic antibiotic coverageb. Instrumentation within the root canal systemc. Antibiotic coverage if symptoms developd. The use of antibiotic sensitivity teasting55. Pulpal and periradicular pathosis results primarily from:a. Traumatic injuryb. Immunological reactionc. Bacterial invasiond. Toxicity of dental material56. The major component of the pulp is:a. Collagenb. Cellsc. Support structures (vessels and nerves)d. Water57. Early pulpal infection exhibits:a. Nonspecific inflammatory responseb. Specific inflammatory responsec. Both Specific and Nonspecific inflammatory response

d. Acute inflammatory response58. In the inflammatory process, which of the following cell type acts as a phagocytea. Macrophage and neutrophilsb. Lymphocytes and neutrophilsc. Plasma cells and basophilsd. Macrophages and lymphocytes59. Apical true cysta. Epithelial lined cavity attached to the root endb. Epithelial lined cavity free of the root endc. Connective lined cavity attached to the root endd. Connective lined cavity free of the root end60. The following periapical diagnosis, which would most likely contain pusa. Necrosisb. Supportive apical periodontitisc. Apical cystd. Chronic apical periodontitise. Acute apical periodontitis61. Chronic apical periodontitis (Granuloma) present a histological consistent with:a. Infectionb. Early cyst formationc. Healingd. Immune response62. Hard tissue deposition in pulp spaces of teeth with root fracture isa. Dentinb. Cementumc. Osseous tissued. A and B63. According to Ricucci et al (JOE; April 2009) in their evaluation of teeth with apical periodontitis , the primary cause of endodontic treatmenta. Intraradicular infection in the form of biofilmb. Extraradicular bacteria in sessile formc. Extraredicular bacteria in planktonic formd. Viruses particularly EBV64. Hakki et al (JOE; April 2009) investigated the effect of MTA on the cell survival, gene expression and found that:a. MTA induced lesser biomineralizationb. MTA did not have negative effect on the viability and morphology of cementoblasts

c. MTA exhibited cytotoxicity in smaller concentrationsd. MTA is not considered as bio-inductive65. According to Hammad et al (JOE; April 2009) in investigating the 3D evaluation of root canal obturation,a. Gutta flow showed less gaps compared to the other materialsb. Real seal showed the leas voids compared to the other materialsc. Endorez showed better adaptability to the root canal wallsd. None of the materials showed gap or voids free obturation66. According to Komabayashi et al (JOE; Feb 2009) calcium hydroxide particles size were:a. Larger than the dentinal tublesb. Smaller than the dentinal tublesc. The size as the dentinal tubulesd. Not compatible with the dentinal tubules67. The ideal pain reliever combination is to alternate between:a. Ibuprofen and aspirinb. Ibuprofen and acetaminophenc. Ibuprofen and opioids68. Maximal dose of ibuprofen per day is:a. 2 gramsb. 3.2 gramsc. 6 grams69. A sinus tract near the gingival margin may indicate:a. Periodontal pocketb. Opening of apical abscess sinus tractc. Vertical root fracture70. Pulp necrosis is most likely to occur after which of the following:a. Midroot fractureb. Intrusive luxationc. Concussiond. Complicated crown fracture71. Which medium of storage for an avulsed tooth is best for prolong ---a. Hanks balances salt solutionb. Milkc. Distilled waterd. Saliva72. Occlusal reduction is indicated in cases with:a. Irreversible pulpitisb. Irreversible pulpitis with acute apical periodontitisc. Chronic apical abscess

d. All of the above73. The best treatment of irreversible pulpitis at the initial visita. Pulpotomyb. Complete removal of the pulpc. Single visit endodonticsd. Occlusal reduction to relieve paine. A and D74. …. ….. prognostic factor in fractured crown is:a. Subgingival extensionb. Degree of fracturec. Pulp involvementd. All of the above75. The direction of cracking in posterior teeth is:a. Occlusogingivalb. Buccolingualc. Mesiodistald. All of the above76. C+ files are used for :a. Negotiation of curved canalsb. Prepare calcified canalsc. Prepare narrow curvedcanald. All of the above77. The differential diagnosis between apical graneuluma and cysta. The size of the lesion in the radiographb. Computed tomography scanc. Presence of hard intraoral swellingd. All of the above78. Management of cases with acute apical periodontitis and diffused swellinga. I D and antibioticb. Canal debridment, Ca(OH)2 dressing and antibiotic and I Dc. Canal debridment, Ca(OH)2 dressing and antibioticd. I D only to decrease pain79. The best antibiotic prescribed in cases of cellulitesa. Amoxicillinb. Clyndamicinec. Mitronidazold. Erythromycine. None of the above80. The success rate of root canal treatment with apical periodontitisa. 62%

b. 80%c. 40%81. The success rate of root canal treated teeth with vital pulp give more than 95%, while presence of apical periodontitis decrease the rate by:a. 30%b. 10 – 25%c. No difference82. Periapical lesions of size range 5 – 8 mm heal completely within:a. 3 monthsb. 5 monthsc. 8 monthsd. 1 year83. The time is taken by mandibular nerve block for complete anesthesia is:a. 15 minb. 10 minc. 5 min84. Teeth with irreversible pulpitis and acute apical periodontitis should be monitored every:a. Weekb. 8 hoursc. 24 to 48 hr85. Premedication with NSAIDs in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis is done to:a. Relieve painb. Raise the pain thresholdc. Decrease postoperative pain86. Which of the following is not a step as part of the technique for shallow (partial) Cevk pulpotomy?a. Rubber dam isolationb. Pulp tissue removed to about 2 mm below the exposurec. Use of a large round carbide but in the slow – speed handpiece to remove tissue.d. Restoration of the cavity with a hard setting cement87. What should be considered that determines the treatment of an intrusive luxation injury?a. Depth of intrusionb. Stage of root developmentc. Availability of adjacent teeth for stabilizationd. Amount of soft tissue injury88. Which type of medication is indicated for patterns with avulsed teeth?a. Narcotic analgesic

b. Steroidc. Tetanus booster if more than 5 years since last administeredd. All of the above89. What additional treatment should be used on the root surface if an avulsed tooth replanted after more than 1 hour after avulsion?a. Thorough scrubbing with antimicrobial soap for disinfectionb. Scaling of the root surfacec. Soaking the tooth in 2.4% doxycycline for 5 t0 20 minutesd. Soaking the tooth in 2.4% solution sodium fluoride for 5 to 20 minutes90. If several teeth are out of alignment after trauma, the most reasonable explanation is which of the following:a. Luxationb. Subluxationc. Alveolar fractured. Root fracture91. The restorability of a tooth depends on the following excepta. Structure integrityb. Remaining tooth structurec. Number of rootsd. Level of surrounding bone and amount of periodontal support92. The hollow tube theory states that:a. Inflammation persists at the opened implanted tubes .b. Inflammation persists at the median portions of the implanted tubes.c. Inflammation is absent at the opened end of the implanted tubes if they are sterile.d. Necrosis is evident around both ends.93. A 17 years old patient came to your office right after receiving trauma on his face. After examination, it was recorded that tooth #11 was not responding to EPT. The right management for this case is :a. Pulpectomy and splinting if the tooth is mobileb. Pulpotomy and splinting if the tooth is mobilec. Splinting the tooth if mobile and seeing the patient after 2 weeksd. None of the above94. When is root canal treatment is indicated in a mature avulsed, replanted tooth?a. At the time of replantationb. Within 7 to 10 days after replantationc. After 3 months if there is no response to pulp testingd. When periapical pathosis noted95. The purpose of splinting a luxated tooth is to :

a. Prevent resorptionb. Prevent pulpal calcificationc. Allow pulpal recoveryd. Allow re-organization of periodontal ligament fibers96. Microseal is an obturation technique characterized as :a. Warm lateralb. Warm verticalc. Cold verticald. Combination of warm and cold97. Resilion has been investigated thoroughly for the existence of mono block but little research has been carried on its :a. Estrogenic potential due to its monomer leach outb. Capability of providing apical sealc. Capability of providing coronal seald. Adaptation to the root canal walls98. Alpha phase GP is :a. The natural occurring formb. Stick more flowable formc. Amorphous form99. In preparation for obturation using system B, the selected master cone should fits:a. At the full working lengthb. Short of the working length by 2 mmc. Be 2% taperd. Should be greater taper cone100. The NiTi end of the Buchanan hand plugger number one s is approximately:a. 0.5 mm in diameterb. 1.0 mm in diameterc. 1.2 mm in diameterd. 1.5 mm in diameter