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Australian CLC Workshops February and March 2014 Michele Leering, Executive Director/Lawyer (on leave) Community Advocacy & Legal Centre Belleville, Ontario, Canada - [email protected] Encouraging Reflective Practice in Community Legal Centres and the Justice Sector Integrated Reflective Practitioner Reflection on practice Critical reflection Self-reflection Reflecting in Community

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Page 1: Encouraging Reflective Practice in Community Legal Centres ...communitylegalcentre.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/RP-Pres-to... · Encouraging reflective practice at law school: A

Australian CLC Workshops February and March 2014

Michele Leering, Executive Director/Lawyer (on leave)Community Advocacy & Legal Centre

Belleville, Ontario, Canada - [email protected]

Encouraging Reflective Practice in Community Legal Centres and the Justice Sector

Integrated Reflective

Practitioner

Reflection on practice

Critical reflection

Self-reflection

Reflecting in Community

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 2

Proposed Workshop Outcomes• Increase our shared understanding of what reflective

practice could mean to ground the work and to provide a structure for individual and collective reflection

• Consider the benefits that reflective practice might offer to our shared work to increase A2J

• Share methods to support reflective practice so that it becomes a “way of being” for us as individual professionals and collectively as organizations and partners in the justice system

• Visualize next steps as individuals and/or organizations

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 33

Key messages from research project Key messages from research project -- Encouraging reflective practice at law school: A conceptual model and promising practices

• Reflection is critical for learning

• Reflective practice is an important capability at every stage of professional development (student novice professional)

• Facilitating reflective capacity early and pervasively benefits everyone

• Access to justice work is enhanced by reflective practice

“I think it is actually cutting edge, it ought to be explored.” Research participant

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 44

Why Care About Reflective Practice?Why Care About Reflective Practice? (literature review and faculty interviews)(literature review and faculty interviews)

• A more effective adult learner• Healthier and happier student/professional• Supports ethical development • Builds cultural competence• Increases sensitivity and commitment to

social justice and access to justice issues• Encourages transformative learning

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 55

• Enhances critical lawyering skills & capacities

• Nurtures an efficient and effective legal professional

• Alternate philosophies of practice such as ADR/mediation, holistic practitioners, comprehensive law, law as a “healing profession”

• Builds flexibility, resilience, and leadership capacity

Why Care About Reflective Practice?Why Care About Reflective Practice?

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 66

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 77

Why should CLCs care about RP?Why should CLCs care about RP? Hold these questions!

• How can being or becoming a more deliberate reflective practitioner contribute to our shared work- that of increasing access to justice?

• How can reflective practice contribute to stronger knowledge management, sharing and creation?

• How can reflective practice with peers contribute to more generative levels of conversation?

• How can reflective practice improve service delivery?

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What is reflective practice?What is reflective practice?

1. The literature review2. Interviewing law professors3. Action research strategies4. The working conceptualization

emerges

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 99

If you had many members of the profession who were reflective practitioners, in particular self-

reflective practitioners, I think you would actually see differences in

what are accepted as the predominant norms of the

profession itself.

I think that it’s something we are going to hear more about and I

think that law faculties that evolve to adopt these kinds of

tools and methods will be better law faculties.

Anybody who is more reflective is less

likely to be a discourteous,

uncivil professional

Research participants’ views

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What is Reflection?What is Reflection?

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 11

Reflection: An Evolving Recognition of its Critical Contribution to Learning

Dewey(1933)

Reflection &

Transformational Learning

Mezirow(1979)

Reflective Practice

&Professional Development

Boud et al(1985)

Schön (1983, 1987)

Boyd & Fales (1983)

Kolb (1984)

Brookfield (1995)

Experiential Learning & Reflection

Reflective Learning

Critical Reflection

Reflection & Learning

from Experience

Reflection &

Thinking

Moon (1999)

Reflection & Professional Development

King & Kitchener

(1984)

Reflective Judgement

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 1212

Donald SchDonald Schöön and Reflective Practicen and Reflective Practice ““narrowing the disconnect between theory and practicenarrowing the disconnect between theory and practice””

McNiff, J., & Whitehead, J. (2006). All you need to know about action research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 1313

Views of Research ParticipantsViews of Research Participants

“A reflective practitioner is somebody who considers who they are, where they are, what they’re doing,

their position in the community, the purpose

of the work they are doing and how they are doing it,

and takes it as an ongoing process of

learning and moving forward… a continuous

iterative process”

The ability to engage in critical self-

reflection about one’s professional

role and experiences is an

important and learnable skill

which is arguably the key to continuous

learning throughout a lawyer’s career.

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 1414

RP means for me the opportunity to reflect in a

fairly systematic and intentional way about what has been done-

what has worked, what hasn’t worked, what was successful, why was it

successful or not successful, and learn from that reflection, continually adjusting the practice in ways in which you will imagine, and it will be

made better as a result of reflection.

..a bigger definition of RP has one reflect not

simply on the skills that one’s acquiring, whether it’s to think

critically or analytically, or more effective questioner,

listener or interviewer, but it’s to reflect on the role of law in society. It’s to reflect on the implications that law will have on groups

within society.

Views of Research ParticipantsViews of Research Participants

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Setting the Aspirational Vision:Setting the Aspirational Vision:

Creating a working definition for reflective practice in legal education

and for the legal profession

http://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/jlsp/vol 23/iss1/5/

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 1616

Reflective practitioner

(traditional)

REFLECT ON

PRACTICE and SKILL

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 1717

Critically reflective practitioner

CRITICALLY REFLECT ONKNOWLEDGE & THEORY & LAW

AS LIVED

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 1818

Self-reflective practitioner

REFLECT ONSELF &

AS PROFESSIONAL

“You can’t grow, you cannot learn, you cannot shift, you cannot respond without self-reflection.”

Research participant

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 1919

3 Key Components3 Key Components

Reflective practitioner

Critically reflective practitioner

Self-reflective practitioner

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 2020

3 Key Components 3 Key Components +INTEGRATION+INTEGRATION

Reflective practitioner

Critically reflective practitioner

Self-reflective practitioner Integrated

Reflective Practitioner (IRP)

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 2121

Reflecting In Community is Reflecting In Community is critical! (fifth aspect/truth!)critical! (fifth aspect/truth!)

Reflective practitioner

Critically reflective

practitioner

Self-reflective practitioner Integrated

Reflective Practitioner

Reflecting in community

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 2222

The Aspirational Vision The Aspirational Vision –– includes includes

a 6a 6thth aspectaspect –– TAKE ACTIONTAKE ACTION

Reflective practitioner

Critically reflective

practitioner

Self-reflective practitioner Integrated

Reflective Practitioner (IRP)

Reflecting in community

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 2323

Integrated Reflective Integrated Reflective PractitionerPractitioner

… is self-aware and can reflect in an integrated way on practice, knowledge and critical theory, and values as a self- directed life-long learner, taking action to improve his/her practice, and reflecting communally to ensure rigour. Reflective practice becomes a “way of being”.

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 2424

Integrated Reflective Integrated Reflective PractitionerPractitioner

• engaged• holistic approaches• systems-thinker • recognizes complexity• resilience in the face of uncertainty and chaos• authenticity• “new” professional• a “way of being”• “dynamic developmental process”• integrated knowledge, skills, values• “double loop learning”• reflects collectively

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 25

Excerpted from OWL Website – University of Western Ontario (Canada) – On-line program designed to support reflective practicums for health care professionals

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 2626

Multiple methods to support reflectionMultiple methods to support reflection Preliminary listPreliminary list

• Orientation/Induction• Planning exercises• Reflective writing• Reflective questioning• Self-awareness

exercises• Reading critical theory

and academic literature in law and cross- disciplinary

• International comparative research

• Legal needs research• Action research• Job shadowing• Graphic exercises• Contemplative practices• Debriefing exercises• Aesthetic approaches• Mentoring programs and

reflective supervision• Assessment & evaluation

methods• Performance evaluation• Group processes

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Opportunities in CLC and in work Opportunities in CLC and in work with A2J Partners to encourage with A2J Partners to encourage

reflectionreflection

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 2828

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Examples from Ontario:

Community Legal Clinics engaging in different approaches

to reflective practice

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 3030

On practice: Work Flow dissection On practice: Work Flow dissection and analysisand analysis

ODSP DenialsFlowchart

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 31

“This practice is toast”: collective conversations to question existing

practices

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 3232

On practice: Developing accessible On practice: Developing accessible systems for evaluating our worksystems for evaluating our work

Our Action Plan

Document

A summary of the year’s accomplishments,

organized by Goal & Strategy

Contains: Activity, projects connected to that activity & project outcomes evaluation

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 3333

Tools for Tools for reflection:reflection: Strategic Strategic Tension Tension ChartChart (modified)(modified)

Where I/We Where I/We Want To Be Want To Be

ExerciseExercise (R. Fritz)(R. Fritz)

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 3434

Safe Tenancy

Arrears / Default

Housing Search

Notice

Application

Housing Loss

Eviction Order

Dispute

Cycle of Housing

Instability identified by research

CrCriticalitical reflection through sreflection through systemicystemic Analysis: Where to intervene to prevent Analysis: Where to intervene to prevent housing instability and homelessnesshousing instability and homelessness

Diagram from Eviction Prevention and its Relation

to Homelessness Acacia Consulting & Research Final

Report March 2006

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 35

Integrated reflective practice: Thinking about the

practice of law

differently

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 36

Designing Student Reflective Practicums

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 37

Collective reflection through strategic planning processes

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 3838

Integrated Integrated reflection reflection ththrough rough improving improving ““systems thinkingsystems thinking””: :

Knowledge Management Knowledge Management -- Why? WhatWhy? What? And How?? And How?

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 3939

KnowledgeNOWKnowledgeNOW ((Ontario CLC twoOntario CLC two--year action year action

research project)research project)

Knowing what we know,Managing what we know,Sharing what we know,Creating new knowledge to improve access to justice.

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 4040

Increasing Access to Justice

Community Legal Clinics

Courts

NGOs

Law & Bar Associations

Government & Politicians

Legal Aid

University Student Legal

Clinics

Using graphic tools and Using graphic tools and imagimageses to to envision new realities envision new realities -- Working with Working with

Access to Justice PartnersAccess to Justice Partners

Pro Bono Lawyers

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Selected Examples from Australia

CLCs engaged in collective reflective practice

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 42

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 43

Critically reflective practice: Responding to legal needs studies

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 44

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 45

Reflecting on our “Theory of Change” – Program Logic Models

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 46

Critically reflective practice: Innovative Course Offerings

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Small Group Work: Appreciative Inquiry into

what works!

Identify specific methods you use, or are used within your CLC, or within

your State to encourage the different types of reflective practice.

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Other possibilities to consider

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 49

Communities of Practice – A Framework for Learning and Improvement

Graphic taken from: Allan, B. (Designer). (2008). Knowledge creation within a community of practice. [Web]. Retrieved 21 Mar 2014 from http://convcme.wordpress.com/2011/02/04/communities-of-practice-a-framework-for-learning-and-improvement/

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 50

Personal self-reflective cycle: Example

Figure 1 The reflective cycle. Source: Adapted from Gibbs (1988) from Recoche et al. (2013). No plan B: Reflection on field observations in skid row. Reflective Practice: International and Multi-disciplinary Perspectives 14(2) at page 157.

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 5151

Critical reflection: Applying Critical reflection: Applying Organization Development theory: Organization Development theory:

““Learning OrganizationLearning Organization””

“An organization where people continually expand their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set free, and where people are continually learning how to learn together.”

(Peter Senge – Fifth Discipline, 1995)

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 5252

Tools for a Learning OrganizationTools for a Learning Organization

The Five Whys*

Organizing Deep Dive Journeys

Encouraging “Double Loop”

Learning

Better Conversations -

Creating Reflective & Generative Dialogue

Prototyping – Promising Practices

Action Research and Facilitating

Appreciative Inquiry

approaches

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 5353

http://www.thorsten.org/wiki/index.php?title=Triple_Loop_Learning

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 5454

Changing our Levels of Changing our Levels of ConversationConversation

Non-conversation: Absencing or Attentional violence

• Level One – downloading • Level Two – debating• Level Three – reflective dialogue• Level Four – generative dialogue

Level Four is an aspect of “presencing”, a technology of change - Theory U - advanced by Scharmer (2007)

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 5555

Tools for a Learning Organization: Levels of Tools for a Learning Organization: Levels of Listening (Scharmer)Listening (Scharmer)

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 56

Four Field Structures of Conversation

Jaworski, Kahane & Scharmer - The Presence Workbook, Retrieved 18 Mar 2014 http://www.allegrosite.be/artikels/PresenceWorkbook.pdf

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 57

http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/crosscuttings/problem_solving_5why.html

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 5858

Tool for a Learning Organization: Action Tool for a Learning Organization: Action Research Research

Diagnosing

Planning Action

Taking Action

Evaluating Action

Diagnosing

Planning Action

Taking Action

Evaluating Action

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 59Presentation for NSW Quarterlies - February 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 59Creating a Dynamic Learning Exchange, May 7 2012 59

That was…

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 6060

“I think it’s cutting edge, it really ought to be explored”

- Research Participant

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 6161

Why should CLS Care About Why should CLS Care About RP?RP?

• How can being or becoming a more deliberate reflective practitioner contribute to our shared work- that of increasing access to justice?

• How can reflective practice contribute to stronger knowledge management, sharing and creation?

• How can reflective practice with peers contribute to more generative levels of conversation?

• How can reflective practice improve service delivery?

• What next steps can we take to support it?

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 6262

Resource Kit AvailableResource Kit Available• Working Conceptualization for RP and published article

http://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1191&context=jlsp

• “Ten Actions of a Reflective Practitioner” (Adapted from Kinsella, 2001)• Mind Maps: Benefits/Outcomes & Methods• Planning Tool “Where I want to Be” Adapted from Fritz (1999)• Sample Resource for Law Students: Reflective Journaling• Annotated Resources & Bibliography (work in progress)• Collection of quotes about reflection and RP • Matrix for planning reflective activities• For more information: [email protected]• Early versions of these documents can be found online at:

http://www.gaje.org/abstract-michele/

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Victoria CLCs Presentation - March 2014 - Michele Leering, CALC 6363

There is a crack in everything. That's how the light gets in.

– Leonard Cohen in “Anthem”