enbe final project #02: ipsum (report)
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Taylor's University - 0414 March-April Intake - ENBE Final Project #02: Town ReportTRANSCRIPT
Better Livable Town
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Natalie Ki Xiao Xuan l 0318918
Foundation in Natural & Built Environments (FNBE)
March-April 2014
Contents
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
1. Introduction
2. City vs. Town
3. Town
4. Investigation & Data
Collection
5. The New ‘X’ Town: IPSUM
6. Conclusion
1. Introduction
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
For our Elements in Natural & Built Environments (ENBE)
Final Project, our task is to design our own “better
future town” that must be sustainable. The project is
split into two parts – Part A (sub-sectioned into two
parts) and Part B.
- Part A (Individual, 20%): an A4 report and
presentation slide/video of both our understanding,
along with the proposed town.
- Part B (Group, 20%): A maximum of 3 A2 presentation
boards and a physical model of the chosen town.
This had to be done after we understand both the
functional and aesthetic appeals to a city & town.
By doing this, we would be able to successfully
implement the characteristics of town planning like
natural topology/terrain, landscape, infrastructure,
space, building, etc…
Throughout the process of this project, we can
understand the built environments better, as well as
the delicate balance of the symbiotic co-relationship
of the natural & built environments.
2. City vs. Town
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Definition, Similarities & Differences A city is a relatively large and permanent human settlement. Although
there is no actual arrangement of how a city is distinguished from a town
within the English language, we can easily assume that cities have systems
of sanitation, utilities, facilities, land usage, housing and transportation,
thus making it an urban settlement with a particularly important status.
A town, on the other hand, is a settlement or an area with residential
districts, shops and amenities – as well as a local government.
A city, being an urban settlement with an urbanely important status,
differentiates from a town. It is typically used to call an area or designate
an area that has a large population. It may also indicate a special
administrative, legal or historical status. Rather than entirely meaning a
largely populated area (“metropolitan”). A town, however, is more of a
community of people ranging from a few hundred to several thousands.
Generally, a town is thought of as a larger village, but also as a smaller
city.
Cities and towns differentiate primarily by the area’s demography and it’s
geography. In simplified terms, cities are larger dwelling places than
towns.
Cities cover a wider area, but as they both advance, they may sometimes
incorporate or merge with the surrounding area – thus expanding. Towns
do no generally expand into the other areas in the same way as cities, but
it is safe to say that towns do flourish in the same spectrum as cities – just
not on a comparatively large scale.
Cities are more densely populated than towns. Towns, as mentioned
earlier, are smaller than cities, but unlike towns, cities are the seat of the
region’s administrative functions. The most administratively important
building offices are situated within the city central. The governance of
cities is handled by the corporate bodies where as municipal bodies rule
the towns. Unlike towns, cities are generally well-planned with modern
amenities.
Before I can explore what a town is and needs, I have to explore the
differences and similarities between the two. This will help me
comprehend towns better in the sense that I won’t be confused with the
two.
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Common Issues
No matter if a settlement/community is a town, city, village or what not, all
of them share some common issues among the inhabitants and their living
environment. Some are only present in certain areas, but to name a few…
-Organized crime
- Traffic and automobile issues
- Lack of sales tax revenue
- Lack of water resource
-Corruption in local government
- Unbalanced pay for city employees like fire-fighters and policemen
- Decaying downtowns
- Suburban development
- Poor planning
- Gentrification
- Lack of space
- Dying enclosed malls and outdoor malls
- Lack of affordable housing
- Segregation
- Lack of diverse economic workforce
- Too much urban sprawl and not enough urban landfill
- Environmental issues
- etc…
3. Town
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Definition The definition of a ‘’town’’ is loosely translated into multiple meanings. The
three most solid definitions are:
1. A settlement, an area in which includes residential districts, shops and
amenities with it’s own local government; especially one larger than a
village but smaller than a city.
2. A human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city.
3. A group of people staying, working and living in an area.
There are five different kinds of towns:
Types
1. “Infantile Town” : does not have any clear zoning. Often categorised
as an unorganised settlement.
2. “Juvenile Town” : which has a developed area for shops.
3. “Adolescent Town” : which has factories and basic zonings.
4. “Early-Mature Town” : which has separate areas for high-class housings.
5. “Mature Town” : Organised structure, has zonings, defined areas for
industrial, commercial, residential, etc…
Gridding “Gridding”, also known as the “grid plan”, “grid system”, “grid street plan”
or “gridiron plan” is the system of settlement planning in which buildings
are designed at an angle, thus forming a grid.
There are multiple types of grids – some in which are more commonly used
than others, but all settlements have some sort of gridding system. Each
can be analysed to see the basic gridding.
For our project, we have been asked to follow a gridding system in order
to make our structure stronger, as well as easier when it comes to basic
designing of our layout.
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
We had five options to choose to use as our gridding foundation:
1. Square Grid:
Geometrically, Square gridding is the most simple style. It has been
commonly used in simulator games such as “Sims”, “Habbo”, etc…
The most successful example of square gridding is New York City in
America.
Example of Square Gridding: New York City’s Square Gridding:
2. Triangle Grid:
In geometry, the triangular gridding is one of the three
regular gridding of the Euclidean plane. This is because the internal
angle of the equilateral triangle is 60 degrees, making six triangles at a
point occupy a full 360 degrees.
Example of Triangle Gridding:
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Example of Hexagonal Gridding:
1. Radial Grid:
Radial gridding can be considered the most versatile and flexible of all
gridding systems in which a point is considered the ‘’centre’’ and all
else is plotted in a radial pattern outwards.
Example of Radial Gridding:
3. Hexagonal Grid:
Hexagonal gridding is also one of the three regular systems of the
Euclidean plane. The internal angle of the hexagon is 120 degrees so
three hexagons at a point make a full 360 degrees.
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Components / Requirements Components of towns can vary in terms of what kind of town it is. Some
towns would require a different set of components. However, all towns
should have a basic coverage of:
- Infrastructure
- Residential
- Commercial &
- Industrial
Commercial, Residential, Industrial
Education
Educational facilities, schools, colleges, and other forms of educational
centres represent the educational background of an area or settlement.
Without education, cities/towns wouldn’t be able to flourish as a
community.
These include:
- Kindergartens
- Elementary Schools
- Primary/Junior High
- Secondary/High School
- College
- University
- Academic Institutions
- etc…
Banking
Banking buildings, loan offices and others of the same represent the
economical and financial side of a settlement.
These include:
- National Banks
- Retail Banks
- Commercial Banks
- Investment Banks
- Central Banks
- Credit Unions
- etc…
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Healthcare
Health is one of the more important requirements in any sort of settlement.
All cities, towns or villages must have a facility or two dedicated to serve
as the health centre. This maintains and takes care of the healthcare of
the inhabitants.
These include:
- Medical Centres
- Hospitals
- Clinics
- Vets
- Dentists
- etc…
Religion
Religion is more of a personal requirement for the residents. Nonetheless,
some settlements have areas dedicated to religious practice – though not
all.
These include:
- Church
- Synagogues
- Temples.
- Shrines
- etc…
Re-Creational
Recreational facilities must be taken into consideration in any sort of
settlement. The inhabitants should have something dedicated to
recreational activities. It concerns itself with the entertainment and
happiness of the inhabitants, so some areas should at least be dedicated
to some recreational activities within the given space.
These include:
- Parks
- Clubs
- Sport Centres
- Shopping Complexes
- Amusement Parks
- Mall Lots
- Tourist attractions
- Arcades
- etc…
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Safety
Safety is another one of the main essential elemental components in a
community. It relates to the healthcare, but on a more direct way.
There include:
- Fire Brigades
- etc…
Discipline
Discipline relates to safety. It concerns itself with the control of discipline
within a community.
These include:
-Police
- SWAT
- FBI
- Prison
- etc…
Social
Social facilities relate to the social relationship and interactions in the
community.
These include:
- Community Hall
- Museums
- Art Galleries
- National Landmarks
- Public Places
- etc…
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Transportation
Transportation is the act of transporting, or of the state of being
transported.
They should be efficient, able to move more people with less usage of
energy and causes the least about of carbon emissions as possible.
These include:
- Public Transportation:
> Bus
> Subway/Trains/Railway
> Taxi
> etc…
- Private Transportation:
> Roads
> Pedestrian Walkway Paths
> Bicycle Paths
> etc…
Infrastructure
Communications
Communication is the concept or state of exchanging information
between entities.
Communication should be able to bring people of any distance closer
together. It should be efficient – with no need of physical contact if
impossible. It should provide a wider range of exchanging information.
These include:
- Wireless
- Wired
- Television:
> Network Channel
> etc…
- Data:
> Internet
> Telephone
> etc…
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Waste Management
Waste management is the management of waste material, such as
human waste, trash/rubbish, etc…
It should be efficient and able to control the waste management of the
settlement.
These include:
- Recycle of Waste (Sorting):
> Biodegradable waste
> Non-Biodegradable waste
- Waste Fuel for Power
- Efficient waste system for community clean efficiency.
Water Supply
The management supply and usage of water.
This should be able to promote water saving mentality – in other words,
smart usage of water with minimum waste. It should also encourage water
saving systems like rainwater collection, etc…
These include:
- Smart usage within a household:
> Toilets
> Sinks
> Showers
> Drinking water
> etc…
- Water distribution within a settlement:
> Dams
> Reservoirs
> etc…
Power Supply
The management, supply and usage of energy & power.
This should be able to encourage the use and implementation of reusable
energy sources that don’t cause as much carbon emissions.
These include:
- Smart usage of energy
- Use of reusable energy sources:
> Solar
> etc…
4. Investigation & Data Collection
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Ancient/Past Cities & Towns Ancient Cities/Towns are important to look at in order to understand the
history of the towns & cities, as well as how they were designed, the
concept of them and the issues that we can use as a guideline to help
improve it within our own town.
Edo/Tokyo (Japan)
What was significant about the city/town?
Back in the past, Edo was one of the largest city of its time – populating
prosperously despite the fact that it was geographically smaller and
devastated by fires and other disasters.
The city, Edo, was laid out like a castle town, meaning it was mainly
plotted with around the castle – which was therefore considered the most
important place of the city. The surrounding areas would therefore reduce
in terms of importance.
Edo was clearly plotted, with areas designated to serve their main
functions well. For example, the area northeast of the castle was the
centre of the urban culture. Asakusa is the considered the centre of an
area for traditional Shitamachi culture as the traditional Senso-ji temple still
stands there to this day. The ‘Japan Bridge’, also called the Nihon-bashi, is
the central commercial centre, where fishermen, craftsmen and other
producers or retailers conducted sales.
What information will you consider for your “better” town? What did you learn from it?
I would like my town to be able to withstand the disadvantages of
uncertain disasters such as the ones that many towns/cities face. By doing
so, it would be strong to withstand time and prosper as the centuries
change.
Even though I do not plan to follow a castle town planning, studying the
way Edo had been laid out helps me understand how plotting of
important areas in a town has been utilized, especially during the age of
kings, emperors, rulers, etc…
I have learnt from analyzing the structure of Edo during the past, how they
have clearly displayed the difference of certain areas to serve their own
purpose. This helps each area to conduct their own work without
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Bournville (Birmingham, England)
What was significant about the city/town?
complicating with one another, but also supporting in terms of growth. In
order to replicate this, I hope to utilize their example when planning my
town – thus enabling each developed area to work efficiently with a
purpose, as well as prosper.
What information will you consider for your “better” town? What did you learn from it?
To be honest, Bournville is best known for it’s relationship to Cadbury,
however, there are some significant aspects of this place in terms of it
being a town. The entire area was the main manufacturing home base for
the Cadbury plan, therefore majority of the work force and people
related to the company lived there. Despite the aim of the area being a
production headquarters, the Cadburys implemented recreational
facilities, residential estates, educational centres, social areas and others
that make it more than a industrial town/village.
From looking at Bournville, I’m impacted by the balance of the area. Even
though the purpose of Bournville is to serve as an industrial hub, there area
implementations of other components that make it a livable area,
inclusive of both recreational and social purposes, thus preventing the
entire town to be just a production site.
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
- Early Cities developed in numerous regions of the world.
- Uruk is the world’s first city.
- During the Neolithic ages, there were no cities at that time as all
settlements were temporary at that time.
- In Ancient Greece, around the 1st Millennium BC, independent city-states
evolved from the time, eventually leading to the creation of ‘’free city’’
and ‘’polis’’
- Constantinople was the largest city around the 12th century – with a
population of 1 million.
- All cities had a pattern of revolving and flourishing around a
marketplace or city centre.
- Cities served as the centrals of shortage, trade and manufacturers.
- During the fourth millennium BC, the requirements for cities of the past
were discovered production of a surplus of storable food, system and
agriculture.
- Cities included protection during the attacks: populace would flee
behind the city walls, where the defence forces would assemble to repel
the enemy.
- The ancient polis consisted of the city itself, usually surrounded by a wall
and a rural hinterland.
- These days, old towns are considered historical districts.
- These were built before the emergence of all-travel large-scale urban
planning and the high-rise construction of the mid-19th century.
- The oldest towns have existed since before the common era.
- Many have narrow streets and even narrower alleys.
Buildings are all within walking distance.
- Pedestrians move easier than automobiles.
- Pre-modern cities typically had less than 100,00 inhabitants – a few
examples being Rome, Istanbul and Beijing.
- They are densely populated – less than a kilometre across.
- The architecture is dominated by city walls or other fortifications with
structures like palaces and religious buildings.
- Ancient towns layout was slightly more sporadic than a city as the
population density involved within a town was smaller and therefore,
requires less mass populating accounts – mass formatting.
- A smaller scale of a city – with less development in terms of utilities,
facilities, sanitation, etc…
Generic Trend & Facts of Ancient/Past Cities & Towns
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Current/Present Cities & Towns Looking at the cities & towns of our current time help us feel more
relatable to the design scope and trends of our needs within a
community. By doing this, we can analyse and break down the issues and
useful elements that will help us be more stable when planning our own
town.
Welwyn Garden City (Borough of Welwyn Hatfield,
Hertfordshire, England)
What was significant about the city/town?
Welwyn Garden City struck me as a unique town because of the intricate
balance it maintains as both a garden city and as a new town. It also
clearly represents the social, cultural and physical ideals of the 1920’s
(period of which it was built)
In Economy, despite it’s growth to maintain the balance of both Garden
and Town, Welwyn has a strong commercial base with strong
development areas for employment.
In Transportation, Welwyn City are well connected to outer cities and
areas through buses, main roads and railways. This allows it to be
considered as a convenient commuter town.
What information will you consider for your “better” town? What did you learn from it?
I would like to replicate the fact that Welwyn has successfully maintained
the balance of both ‘city’ and ‘town’, without neglecting the
environmental aspects, in order to avoid the disadvantages of either.
I would like to create a strong economical structure
The use of multiple well-developed transport systems to allow safe and
efficient transportation.
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
- Cities of our time are very developed compared to the cities of our past.
With the requirements being the same, but includes more things and
space because of the repaid pace of our population growth rate.
- Cities play an important role – the growth of technology has been
implemented into our society and environment.
- Towns of our current time are much more developed and common then
cities – although cities still remain as the main settlements of our world.
- Towns are commonly available as they are mostly located around or
nearby as the suburban areas.
- The format is much similar, but connects much less than cities (
metropolitan) area.
Generic Trend & Facts of Current/Present Cities &
Towns
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Potential/Future Cities & Towns Through analysing the past two types of cities & towns, we now have a
great understanding of the problems and types or style within the
settlement. Thus, it helps us implement the trend of the future towns &
cities in order to rectify this.
Masdar City , (Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates)
What was significant about the city/town?
Masdar City is a project that is meant to serve as a hub for cleantech
companies. It is planned to be reliant on solar power and other renewable
energy sources. Masdar City will be the latest of a small number of highly
planned, specialized, research and technology-intensive municipalities
that incorporate a living environment.
In terms of Architectural Design:
Masdar is a sustainable mixed-use development designed to be very
friendly to pedestrians and cyclists. A 45-meter high wind tower modeled
sucks air from above and pushes a cooling breeze through Masdar's
streets.
The site is raised above the surrounding land in order to create a slight
cooling effect. Buildings are clustered close together in order to create
streets and walkways which are shielded from the sun. It will be able to
cope with hot desert temperatures through shorter, narrower streets
usually no longer than 70 meters. The buildings at the end of these streets
create just enough wind turbulence to push air upwards, creating a
flushing effect that cools the street naturally.
In terms of Transport:
The initial design of Masdar City banned automobiles, as travel will be
accomplished via public mass transit and personal rapid transit (PRT)
systems, with existing road and railways connecting to other locations
outside the city. The absence of motor vehicles coupled with Masdar
City's perimeter wall, are designed to keep out the hot desert winds, to
allow for narrow and shaded streets that help funnel cooler breezes across
the city.
What information will you consider for your “better” town? What did you learn from it?
I would like to replicate the fact that Welwyn has successfully maintained
the balance of both ‘city’ and ‘town’, without neglecting the
environmental aspects, in order to avoid the disadvantages of either.
I would like to create a strong economical structure
The use of multiple well-developed transport systems to allow safe and
efficient transportation.
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
What information will you consider for your “better” town? What did you learn from it?
Masdar City is a great example of the development that our construction
industry is moving towards, which mainly concern and involvement of the
use of utilizing a more green state of living, whilst expanding alongside the
growth of our technology.
All these uses of sustainable mixed-use development into the architecture
are designed to suit the climate and natural environment of the land. I
would like to use it as an example of how to plan my town to suit and
utilize the natural climate of my area instead of trying to fight/change it.
I also wish to use the features mentioned on the left to see if I can
implement it in any way into my town. This mainly concerns the similarities
of climate between Abu Dhabi and Malaysia (hot climate).
I plan to use the same approach – Public Mass Transportation – in order to
reduce the amount of carbon emissions that come from individual
automobile's use of fuel. By doing so, it also encourages less use of roads
and therefore more space to implement a green, sustainable
landscaping.
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
-Potential cities will focus on the development of technology and it’s
implementation.
- The future of cities will also depend upon the use of new materials.
- The most important and vital part of development of the future of cities
are fully dependent on of the use of eco-friendly, sustainable living.
- For example, in Malaysia, the construction industry is working to
implement the “Green Building Index”
- Like the future of towns, the development of technology play a big
impact in the township – but the careful balance between managing
sustainable living and technological living.
Future of Urban Development:
1. Low Impact Materials:
- Materials that are non-toxic
- Sustainably produced
- Required little energy to produce or process
2. Emotionally Durable Design:
- Reduce carbon emissions
- Reduce consumption
- Less energy required.
3. 3 ‘R’s:
- Reduce
- Reuse
- Recycle
4. Bio mimicry
5. Service substitution
6. Design Impact Measures:
- Estimated cost
- Account of carbon footprint
- Life-cycle
7. Renewability:
- Available nearby
- Materials that can be composed when the usefulness has been fulfilled
Generic Trend & Facts of Potential/Future Cities &
Towns
5. The New ‘X’ Town:
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Concept
The “Garden City Movement” was created by Sir Erbenezer Howard (29
January 1850 – 1928), in the most popular publication “Garden City of To-
Morrow”. It caused the birth and use of the use of the garden city
movement at the beginning of the 20th century. It is very popular and well-
known successful urban planning movement initiated in the 1898s.
Erbenezer Howard’s ‘Garden City Movement’
History
Aim
The aim of the “Garden City Movement” was to create a method of
urban planning that was planned, self-contained communities surrounded
by ‘greenbelts’, containing proportionate areas of residences, industry
and agriculture.
The description would result in humans living peacefully and harmoniously
with nature. This aim would eventually cause the reduction of alienation
between human society and nature.
Examples
As Erbenezer’s method has become one of the most successful and used
methods of sustainable urban planning. It has spurned many
developments throughout the world.
Some exmaples are:
- Forest Hills Garden, 1909
- Bedford Park, London, UK
- Malino, Dublin, Ireland
- Village Homes, Davis, California, USA
- Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
The concept of the Garden City Movement is to produce relatively
economically independent cities with short commute times and the
preservation of natural environments. Garden suburbs arguably do the
opposite. This concept is portrayed through three magnets that centre
around the people.
Concept
Aim
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Aim
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Zoning
Zoning is a device of land-use planning used by local governments in most developed countries. The word is derived from the practice of designated permitted uses of and based on mapped zones from the practice of designating permitted one set of land uses from another. Zoning may be use-based, regulating the uses to the function of which land may be put, also function zoning. Or it may regulate building height, lot of coverage (density), and similar characteristics, or some combination of these. Similar urban planning methods have dictated the use of various areas for particular purposes in many cities from ancient times. Theoretically, zoning is the primary purposed to segregate uses that are thought to be incompatible. It is also used to prevent new development from interfering with existing residents and businesses. It also helps preserve the ‘character’ of a community. Zoning is commonly controlled by local governments such as countries or municipals, though the nature of the zoning regime may be determined or limited by the state or national planning authorities through enabling legislation. Zoning may include the regulation of the kinds of activities which will be acceptable on particular lots: - Open Space - Residential - Agricultural - Commercial - Industrial
Uses
Categories
There are about 6 categories in the zoning legal department: - Residential Zones - Mixed Uses & Planned Community - Comprehensive Design - Commercial/Retail - Industrial - Overlay
Implementation
We use zoning in order to determine, separate and designate one area from another by section and function. They also outline heights, setbacks, yard widths, parking, etc… In architectural drawing, zoning is used to categorize certain areas. In town planning or/and city planning, it divides the sectors of land plotting. It can be used generally or detailed – where subcategories are also shown. Zones are displayed in different types. The most common use of separating zones are through colour, with a legend to indicate what colour represents what.
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Site Location The building site’s location is based off a real location in Malaysia called ‘’Titiwangsa’’. I chose to work off a real area because: 1. It has an interesting natural landscape topology. 2. The land that I chose helps make the foundation of my town realistic. 3. In my opinion, Titiwangsa is an area that has been exposed to urban development, but has suffered from neglect, causing the land to be wasted as it has not been brought out to it’s full potential. Thus, I wish to remodel it like a town and attempt to enhance the natural qualities of the land through this project.
The Name
In Latin is… “Green” “Garden” “Environment” “Nature”
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Site Analysis: Vegetation Coverage
This diagram shoes my analysis of the natural vegetation coverage of my site before the development of my town occurs. As you can see, it is a medium-dense forest with vegetative overgrowth surrounding more heavily around the perimeter. The scale used here is 1:2500
My site is: 3.7 km by 5.25 km, making it 19.425 km2.
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Site Analysis: Natural Topology The image below described the site’s natural topology. The scale used here is 1:2500 and the topology unit is in metres. There are five cross-sections to show the terrains: - A-A - B-B - C-C - 1-1 - 2-2
Section A-A
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Section B-B
Section C-C
Section 1-1
Section 2-2
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Site Analysis:
Designated Natural Elements of Interest The site is trapped by duke to the North and Jalan Pahang to the West. The Lake is irregularly shaped formed at the low-lying ravine of the site, Because of these natural elements of interests, the concept of design must be built sustainably to enhance and utilize the natural elements. The concept that I will be following because of these elements are: The Garden City Concept and Lake Township Concept. This is because… - The concept of township is to design around a natural environment that has a lake. - To form a township that is of exemplary standard to where it is a township that lives and learns about sustainable living. - To become a green sustainable township dedicated for research studies.
Design of Infrastructures (Main Roads)
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Legend: - Dark Blue Line : Existing Main Roads - Purple: Proposed Main Road - Green : Enclosed Area - Burgundy : Lake - Red : Mass Public Transport System Concept
Development Area
With public service roads that lead to the North and the West, in order to keep the area immediately surrounding the lake as well as the lake itself environmentally sensitive & protected. The proposed main road is to be set up to link with the with the existing ones, closing off the boundary on the South and East. This encloses the area within and cocoons the central zone. Thus, the central zone and efficient and green form of mass public transportation is to be set up – its main station should be positioned close to the existing main road.
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Sun Rotation & Azimuth
Now that I have designated the roads, The surrounding areas – other than the centre zone – will be dedicated for development areas.
Moving onto the study of Sun Rotation and Azimuth, I decided to look into the sun rotation of Malaysia because it helps determine the orientation of the buildings. Because the site is located in Malaysia, the morning sun rises in the East and sets in the West.. The Azimuth of Malaysia is East to West, thus means that the buildings in my town must face North to South.
Pedestrian Walking Radius
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
The image shows the proposed position of the mass public rail station (pink line) based on pedestrian walking distance over time (maximum 15 minutes). This ensures that everything is conveniently located within a comfortable vicinity. The small circle is 5 minutes. The medium circle is 10 minutes. The biggest circle is 15 minutes.
First Draft: Vegetation
The light green displays the green land coverage. The light blue is the lake The dark green circles are the vegetative overgrowth – thus creating a ‘green belt’
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
First Draft: Zoning
Key/Legend: - Light Yellow: Commercial - Deep Pink: Train Stations - Light Green: Medium-Rise Residential - Dark Green: High-Rise Residential - Light Blue: Boutique Hotel - Azure Blue: Hotel - Dark Blue: Police Station - Purple: Medical Centre - Pink: School Compound
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Final: Master Plan
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Final: Master Plan & Zoning
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Protected Green Zone
The green protected zone is the “heart” of the town. It has been enclosed by
the internal roads in order to protect the natural environment within it.
Chosen Type: A Town with a Lake I chose a town with a lake because water bodies like lakes gives a unique natural habitat to vegetation and marine life. It is usually causes the surrounding land to have interesting landscape terrains that slopes inwards like a basin – thus making the overall natural landscape more interesting. It also demands challenging human built forms to balance with the lake, so it requires a high and controlled waste water management system – enabling the use of installing Stormwater distribution. Lakes are also more relatable and tangible compared to larger forms of water bodies such as seas or oceans. They are not as vast in size, and the water content are more easily usable compared to seas as they don’t require sanitation of salt-water, but merely filtration. Utilize the lake’s natural form.- easily manipulated, related and establishing into our lifestyle – utilizing it like lake houses, living environments, golf courses, reserves, etc. You can use lake as water source without water process (no need for sanitation that a sea needs, just filtration)
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Landscape
The landscape encompasses a wide diversity and variety of tropical vegetation.
This is to provide a strong support to the research of the land, as well as to
implement the beauty of the natural environment to the inhabitants of
Because the town has a lake with the surrounding terrain gently sloping into
it. It demands indigenous water management and infusion between man-
made & natural environments. Doing so would allow prevention of pollution
the lake, especially when involving environmental activities (prime reason).
This also involved the planning system – which works to achieve sustainable
township planning (secondary).
In terms of food – the design of the township would require all residents to
grow their own organic vegetables with the allocated land piece that are
built within their own land. Architecturally, the infusion of and broken down
of barriers/boundaries between man-made and natural environment will be
utilized to implement a more sustainable and green approach to our
lifestyle.
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Medium-Rise Residential The Medium-Rise
Residential areas are dispersed along the South & East of the town.
They are inclusive of a multitude of terrace houses, cluster-homes, multi-family
dwelling and single family units.
Roads are divided into three portions:
Roads for cars & other vehicles,
Bicycle paths & Pedestrian walkway pavements.
This is to encourage exercise and more sustainable uses of
transport that can help reduce carbon emission.
Roads Bike Path Pedestrian
Pavement
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Research Centre
is a town that is dedicated to the research
study of the natural environment. Thus, it has it’s own research centre. This centre is located within the edge of the protected green zone in order to manage, maintain and protect the reserve. Pods branch out to specific area to control and monitor the habitat for constant supervision.
Hotels
has two hotels – a regular and a
boutique. They are located next to the main
LRT station and Main Access Road. This is to
provide visitors with a convenient place to
rest after immediate arrival. It is also located
nearby to the town’s centre attraction – the
water fountain.
Pedestrian walkways provide an easy access
for inhabitants to walk around and explore
the green life.
Corporate Offices, Police Station & Medical Centre
has four office blocks for
corporate companies, one medical
centre, inclusive of a clinic and hospital,
and one police station – which governs
the security of the town.
They are located on the North-East
corner of the town, nearby to the
residential zone (for convenience of the
office workers), and in case of an
emergency (either medical or security)
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Educational Compound
The Educational Zone contains a school
(elementary to secondary), a college and a
university. They are broken up into three
sectors.
As most of the students are encouraged to
walk, bike or commute by train to the
campus, the location is conveniently placed
at the South-Eastern corner, right nearby the
residential zones.
1. Light Rail Transit (LRT): This is meant for mass public carriage, which is energy
efficient, with careful strategic station plotting for optimized pick-up & drop-
off. This ensures the best coverage of entire town, with stations are positioned
no more than 15 minutes apart on foot.
2. Bicycle Paths: Designated bicycle paths are designed and situated along
but clear from traffic with allocated bicycle parking areas. This is chosen
because it doesn’t cause any pollution and is a green-friendly form of
transportation. This also encourages residents to exercise.
3. Pedestrian Walkways: The town scale is designed based on pedestrian
coverage, whereby every cluster of residential area would have had basic
amenities and facilities not further than 15 minutes coverage zones.
4. Roads: Roads allow connection to the outside world, as well as allow quick
and easy pathways to every location in the town.
Transport
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
Perspective
Apart from serving as a new town in order to support the overcrowded town of the past, the other aim of my town is to serve as an educational hub in which we want to live and prosper in (a living example for the future). In order to give a good example of sustainable living environment. It is also to become an example of the balance and symbiotic co-existence between manmade & natural environments.
ENBE l Final Project l Part A – Report l The Better Town Representation
Natalie Ki l 0318918 l Ms. Delliya l FNBE APR 2014 l Taylor’s University
To conclude, I feel that the entire process of town planning is an extremely diverse
and complex process. There is a lot of prior research and understanding to be done
before it comes to even designing. This is because we can’t expect to design an
area by just following our own personal preference of design – we have to take into
consideration about the purpose of our design, reasons and the justifications on
why we have designed it that way. It has to be able to relate to the needs and
requirements of our client without losing a grip on the function.
A lot of other factors also come into play when it comes to designing an area
because of the manipulation we have to be careful of. This is especially important
when it involves the living space we live in. Every area must have a purpose, why is it
there? How does it benefit the people? What kind of effects does it have – both
good or otherwise? What are the current issues and how do we solve it?
The design must also be practical – for example, a green space. Building and
introducing a green space doesn’t just mean putting a piece of green land and
some recycling elements and expect it to be fully implemented into the lifestyle of
humans. It has to be properly blended into the living space in order to help the
transition of it into the inhabitants life cycle. Even then, we still have to take into
considerations of all the requirements that are needed for a proper community to
function. What are the access points? Main roads? How do you organize things on
a land in order to benefit the citizens without polluting the environment?
During this project, I have learnt to be able to see all these factors that come into
play and through the process of doing this project, I feel like I have been exposed
to the dramatic workings of these questions and the parts they play when it comes
to town planning.
6. Conclusion