Khwaja Enayetpuri and his Sufi Tradition in Bangladesh: its impacts on cultures and encounters with fundamentalism Bibliography Works by Khwaja Enayetpuri in Bengali 1.LvRvGbvqZcyi x, kwi qZiAvj v, GbvqZcyi`i eviki xd 2.LvRvGbvqZcyi x, M Avmi vi , GbvqZcyi`i eviki xd Works on Khwaja Enayetpuri in Bengali 1.LvRvgvRvjnK, Avmi vigvdv(i myji nm), GbvqZcyi`i eviki xd, 1407 wnRi x2.LvRvgvRvjnK, `vi GK&Zv(nhi Z eocxigv), GbvqZcyi`i eviki xd 3.LvRvgvRvjnK, AwbevY wkLv(wmi vRyg gywbi v), GbvqZcyi`i eviki xd 4.LvRvgvRvjnK, Awgq evYx(nhi Z LvRvGbvqZcyi xiDc`k IevLv), 3 L, GbvqZcyi`i eviki xd, 1986 5.LvRvgvRvjnK, ZvcmLvRvGbvqZcyi xiRxeb `kb, XvKv, 19996.LvRvgvRvjnK, LvRvimvabvRxeb, GbvqZcyi`i eviki xd, 1975 7.LvRvmvBq`jgvi Qvj xb, Akf RvwZ, XvKv, 1999 8.LvRvmvBq`jgvi Qvj xb, LvRvi`wZ Avgvif wel Z, XvKv, 1998 9.LvRvgvRvjnK, eveviwe`vq ej viw`bwj , cKvkK, LvRvKvgvjDw b, UvbevRvi , bvi vqYM, 1371 evsj v10. LvRvnvkg Dw b, Zwi Kvq gyRv `xqv, GbvqZcyi`i eviki xd, ? 11. LvRvAvyjKz ym, kZvxigvRv ` Inhi Z LvRvGbvqZcyi xIZuviwkv, 1990 12. LvRvAvyjKz ym, m~dxZiggK_v, AvwRgcyi , XvKv, 1994 13. gvI j vbvLvRvQvBdz xb, Bmj vg ZvQvI d, gyRv `xqvZwi KZ wgkb, j vj KzwV`i eviki xd, kyM, 1375 evsj v14. LvRvQvqd D xb, Av`kgywk`, 2 L, cKvkK- LvRvKvgvjD xb, GbvqZcyi`i eviki xd, 1951 Bs, wZxq msi Y, 1988-1989 15. LvRvQvqd D xb, ZvQvI DdiI wRdvevgvi dvZ Z, gyRv `xqvZwi KZ wgkb, j vj KzwV`i eviki xd, kyM, 1989 16. gvI j vbvLvRvQvBdz xb, m~dx`kb I`vkwbK, gyRv `xqvZwi KZ wgkb, j vj KzwV`i eviki xd, kyM, 1984 17.gvI j vbvLvRvQvBdz xb, Bgvg i vevbxKvBqygvgvbxgvneye mvenvbxnhi Z gyRv ` Avj dQvbx, gyRv `xqvZwi KZ wgkb, j vj KzwV`i eviki xd, kyM, 1995 18. LvRvi RvDjnK AvjgyRv `x, f vj evmv, gyRv `xqvZwi KZ wgkb, j vj KzwV`i eviki xd, kyM, 1999 19. gvI j vbvLvRvKvgvjDw b (b~n wgqv), I wRdvwkv, GbvqZcyi`i eviki xd, 1399 evsj v20. cxi Rv`vLvRvKvgvjDw b, cyv`vb (MRj ieB), GbvqZcyi`i eviki xd, 10gmsi Y, 2006 21. gv: Avyii ngvb, cynvi(MRj ieB Ievsj vwkj v` ki xd), gaycyi , UvvBj , 1399 evsj v22. gv: Avyii ngvb, Zwi KZiI wRdvwkv, gaycyi , UvvBj , 1399 evsj v23. cxi Rv`vwPbvayKzwi qv, Qvqdvjnvvr: MvbvnKZbKvi xZj vqvi , 1399 evsj v24. LvRvwmi vRyjnK, nhi Z LvRvGbvqZcyi xiAj wKK Rxeb, GbvqZcyi`i eviki xd, 1420 wnRi x25. gynvv` Kvev`yvgvb KvqKvev`, gywk` ei nK, gyRv `xqvZwi KZ wgkb, j vj KzwV`i eviki xd, kyM, 1993 26.Wv: LvRvmwj gyj vn, I wRdvq Kvj vg Kvwi g, XvKv, 2003 27. LvRvdi `wQeMg, LvZzb RvbvZ: gyQvi dveo cxigv,XvKv, 1373 evsj v 28. gvI j vbvkvn&m~dxdwi `cyi x(nvmgZ Dj vn), bwmnZ, 24 L, wekRvKigwj , AvUi wk, dwi `cyi , 1991-1998 29.mvvwnK gNbv, XvKv, cKvkK-wekRvKigwj30. `wbK AvjgvRv `, XvKv, cKvkK-wekRvKigwj Ghazals: Hundreds of ghazals written and performed by his followers in memory of Enayetpuri Documentaries: Documentaries on Enayetpuri by Syeda Rubayet Hossain Website: http://www.khwajaenayetpuri.org Interviews: Heads of the shrine and followers will be interviewed Works on Enayetpuri by Golam Dastagir: 1.Dastagir, Md, Golam,Khwaja Enayetpuri, in Leaman, Oliver (ed), Biographical Encyclopaedia of Islamic Philosophy, Vol. I, London & NY: Thoemmes Continuum, 2006 2.-------------------------, The Global Mystical Union, in World & I: Innovative Approaches to Peace, edited by Glenn Strait, 3600 New York Ave., NE, Washington, D.C. 20002, Winter [December] 2006, pp. 44-51 3.-------------------------, The Metaphorical Dimensions of the Term Light (nur), in Copula, vol. 20, Department of Philosophy, J ahangirnagar University, J une 2003, pp. 4.-------------------------,Some Aspects of Khwaja Enayetpuris Sufism, in Copula, vol. 19, Dept of Philosophy, J U, J une 2002, pp. 5.-------------------------,Contextual Analysis of the Sufi Concept of Nafs, Copula, vol. 16, Dept of Philosophy, J ahangirnagar University, J une 1999 6.-------------------------,Sufism in Bangladesh, in Sufism: An Inquiry, vol. VI, No. 2, International Association of Sufism, San Rafael, California, USA, 1996 Works on Sufism in Bangladesh & South East Asia 1.Ahmed,Rafiuddin(ed).IslaminBangladesh:SocietyCultureandPolitics. Dhaka: Bangladesh Itihas Samiti, 1983. Pp. x, 276. 2.Ahmed,Rafiuddin[1981].TheBengalMuslims,1871-1906:AQuestfor Identity.Delhi:Oxford University Press. 3.Ahmed, Rafiuddin, ed.Understanding the Bengal Muslims: Interpretive Essays.New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2001. Pp. xii, 271. Banu, U.A.B. Razia Akhter. Islam in Bangladesh. Leiden: E.J . Brill, 1992. 4.Anonymous. "The Durgahs and Mahomedan Saints of Hindostan." The Asiatic Journal (1836), pp. 185-94. Notes on shrines at Burhanpur, Khuldabad, and Aurangabad, with ludicrous confusion of the Sufi Burhan al-Din Gharib with Isma`ili Bohras.5.Bertocci, Peter. A Sufi movement in Bangladesh: The Maijbhandari tarika and its followers. Contributions to Indian Sociology 40.1 (2006), 1-28. 6.Buehler, Arthur. Sufi Heirs of the Prophet: The Indian Naqshbandiyya and the Rise of the Mediating Sufi Shaykh. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1998. 7.Carl W. Ernst. Eternal Garden: Mysticism, history, and Politics at a South Asian Sufi Center, SUNY Series in Muslim Spirituality in South Asia, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992 8.Carl W. Ernst & Bruce B. Lawrence, The Chishti Order in South Asia and Beyond: Sufi Martyrs of Love, Palgrave Macmillan, NY, 2002 9.Census of India. "Beliefs and Practices Associated with Muslim Pirs in Two Cities of India (Delhi and Lucknow." Monograph 1, Monograph Series, Part VII-B. New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs, 1966.10. Eaton, Richard M. "The Political and Religious Authority of the Shrine of Baba Farid in Pakpattan, Punjab." In Moral Conduct and Authority: the Place of Adab in South Asian Islam, edited by Barbara Metcalf, pp. 333-356. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.11. -----------------. Sufis of Bijapur 1300-1700: Social Roles of Sufis in Medieval India. Princeton University Press, 1978.12. -----------------. The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760. Comparative Studies on Muslim Societies, 17. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.13. -----------------. Who are the Bengal Muslims? Conversion and Islamization in BengalInRafiuddinAhmed,ed.UnderstandingtheBengalMuslims: Interpretive Essays.New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2001, pp. 26-51. 14. ----------------, Approaches to the Study of Conversion of Islam in India, in: R. C. Martin (ed.), Approaches to Islam in Religious Studies (Tucson, 1985), pp. 106-23. 15. ---------------, The Political and Religious Authority of the Shrine of Baba Farid, in: B. D. Metcalf (ed.), Moral Conduct and Authority: The Place of Adab in South Asian Islam (Berkeley, LosAngeles and London, 1984), pp. 333-56. 16. ---------------, Who are the Bengal Muslims? Conversion and Islamization in Bengal, in: R.Robinson and S. Clarke (eds), Religious Conversion in India: Modes, Motivations, and Meanings (Oxford and New Delhi, 2003), pp. 75-97. 17. Ellickson,J ean.FillinginthereligiouslandscapeinBangladesh.The Journal of Social Studies (Dhaka) 101 (2004), 1-20. 18. Ernst, Carl W. "An Indo-Persian Guide to Sufi Shrine Pilgrimage." In Manifestations of Sainthood in Islam, edited by Grace Martin Smith and Carl W. Ernst (Istanbul: The Isis Press, 1994), pp. 43-68. 19. ----------------. "The Interpretation of the Classical Sufi Tradition in India: The Shama'il al-atqiya' of Rukn al-Din Kashani." Sufi 22 (1994), pp. 5-10.20. ----------------. Eternal Garden: Mysticism, History, and Politics at a South Asian Sufi Center. SUNY Series in Muslim Spirituality in South Asia. State University of New York Press, 1992.21. ----------------, The Interpretation of the Classical Sufi Tradition in India: The Shamail al atqiya of Rukn al-din Kashani. Sufi 22, 1994, pp. 5-10 22. ----------------. trans., Conversations of Sufi Saints in The Religions of South Asia, ed. Donald S. Lopez, J r, Princeton University Press, 1995, pp. 513-17 23. ----------------., trans. "Lives of Sufi Saints." In The Religions of South Asia, ed. Donald S. Lopez, J r., Princeton Readings in Religions (Princeton University Press, 1995), pp. 495-506 [lives of Muhammad ibn J a`far Makki, from Akhbar al-akhyar, and Burhan al-Din Gharib, from Fath al-awliya']. 24. Francis Robinson, Islam and Muslim in South Asia, Oxford University Press, 2000 25. Friedmann, Y. Islamic Thought in Relation to the Indian Context, in: M. Gaborieau (ed.), Islamet Socit en Asie du Sud (Paris, 1986), pp. 79-91.3.26. Gardner,Katy.Mullahs,migrants,miracles:Travelandtransportationin Sylhet.InT.N.Madan,ed.MuslimCommunitiesofSouthAsia:Culture, Society,Power, 3rd enlarged ed. New Delhi: Manohar, 2001 [1993], pp. 149-176. 27. Gilmartin, David. "Shrines, Succession and Sources of Moral Authority in the Punjab." In Pakistan: The Social Sciences' Perspective, ed. Akbar S. Ahmed (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1990), pp. 146-64.28. Green, Nile. Indian Sufism since the Seventeenth Century : Saints, Books, and Empires in the Muslim Deccan. Routledge Sufi Series; 18; Variation: RoutledgeCurzon Sufi Series. London; New York: Routledge, 2006, 29. Haq, Mahfuz-ul. The True Way. Faridpur, 1982. [on pir of Atrashid] 30. Hardy, P. Some General Characteristics Analysed, in: P. Hardy, Historians of Medieval India: Studies in Indo-Islamic Historical Writing (New Delhi, 1997). 31. Huq, Enamul. A History of Sufism in Bengal, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh Publication, 30, Dacca, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, 1975 32. Huq,MuhammadEnamul.BangeSufiPrabhabInMansurMusa(ed.), Enamul Huq Rachanabali, vol. 1, Bangla Academy, Dhaka, 1991 33. Islam, Riazul, South Asian Sufis and their Social Linkage (mainly 14th Century), in Cultural Interaction in South Asia, ed. S.A.I. Tirmizi, Delhi, 1993, pp. 90-99 34. ----------------, "A Note on Zanbil: The Practice of Begging among the Sufis in South Asia (Mainly 14th Century)." Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society 44 (1996), pp. 5-11.35. ----------------, Sufism in South Asia : Impact on Fourteenth Century Muslim Society, Reprint. New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2003, xxvi, 489 36. ----------------. "A Comparative Study of the Treatment of Futuh in the Principal Chishti Records." Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society 40 (1992), pp. 91-96.37. ----------------. "Sufism and Economy: A Study in Interrelationship (A Study of the Futuh System in South Asia Mainly during the Fourteenth Century)." in Indian Historical Review 18 (1992), pp. 31-58.38. ----------------. "Ideas on Kasb in South Asian Sufism." Indian Historical Review 17 (1991), pp. 90-121.39. ----------------. "South Asian Sufis and their Social Linkage (Mainly 14th Century)." In Cultural Interaction in South Asia, ed. S. A. I. Tirmizi (New Delhi: Hamdard Institute of Historical Research, 1993), pp. 90-99.40. Islam, Sirajul, (ed.). History of Bangladesh. 3 vols. Dhaka: Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, 1992 41. J ackson, Paul. "A History of the Chishti Shaikhs." In Islam in India: Studies and Commentaries, Vol. 2, Religion and Religious Education, edited by Christian W. Troll, pp. 250-60. Delhi: Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd, 1985. A critical review of vol. I of K. A. Nizami's Urdu Tarikh-i mashayikh-i Chisht (1980).42. Kabir, Mafizullah. Aspects of Sufism in Bangladesh (1200-1700): Search for a Conceptual Framework In Rafiuddin Ahmed (ed). Islam in Bangladesh: Society Culture and Politics. Dhaka: Bangladesh Itihas Samiti, 1983. 43. Khan, K. D. Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti : Social and Educational Relevance. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons, 2004. 44. Latif, Shaikh Abdul. The Muslim Mystic Movement in Bengal 1305-1550 [1580?]. Aligarh: Centre of Advanced Study in History: Aligarh Muslim University; Kolkata: K.P. Bagchi, 1993. 45. Lawrence, Bruce B. "The Diffusion of Hindu/Muslim Boundaries in South Asia: Contrasting Evidence from the Literature and the Tomb Cults of Selected Indo-Muslim Sayings." In Identity and Division in Cults and Sects in South Asia, ed. Peter Gaeffke and David A. Utz, Proceedings of the South Asia Seminar, 1 (Philadelphia: Department of South Asia Regional Studies, 1984), pp. 125-32.46. ------------------------. Notes from a Distant Flute : The Extant Literature of Pre-Mughal Indian Sufism. Tehran: Imperial Iranian Academy of Philosophy, 1978.47. Liebeskind, Claudia. Piety on its Knees : Three Sufi Traditions in South Asia in Modern Times. Delhi ; New York: Oxford University Press, 1998, 48. Mills,Samuel[Peter]Landell.AnanthropologicalaccountofIslamicholy meninBangladesh.Ph.D.dissertation.London:LondonSchoolof Economics, University of London, 1992. 49. Moini, S.I.H., Rituals and Customary Practices at the Dargah of Ajmer, in Christian W. Troll, ed., Muslim Shrines in India, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1989, pp. 60-75 50. Moinul Haq, S. "Rise and Expansion of the Chishtis in the Subcontinent." Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society 22 (1974), pp. 157-94, 207-48.51. Nizami, K. A. "Early Indo-Muslim Mystics and their Attitude towards the State." Islamic Culture 22 (1948), pp. 387-98; 23 (1949), pp. 13-21, 162-70, 312-24; 24 (1950), pp. 60-71.52. ---------------, "Some Aspects of Khanqah Life in Medieval India." Studia Islamica 8 (1957), pp. 51-70.53. ---------------, Some Aspects of Khanqah Life in Medieval India, in Studies Islamica 8, 1957, pp. 51-70 54. OConnell, J oseph T., Bengali Religions, Encyclopedia of Religion, edited by Mircea Eliade. New York: Macmillan, Free Press, 1987. Vol. 2, pp. 100-109. 55. Pinto, Desiderio, Piri-Muridi Relationship: A Study of he Nizamuddin Durgah, Manohar, 1995 56. Pinto, Desiderio. Piri-Muridi Relationship: A Study of the Nizamuddin Durgah. Manohar, 1995.57. Qureshi, Regula Burckhardt. Sufi Music of India and Pakistan: Sound, Context and Meaning in qawwali. Chicago: Univesity of Chicago Press, 1995. 58. Robinson, F. Islam and Muslim Society in South Asia, in: F. Robinson, Islam and Muslim Historyin South Asia (New Delhi, 2000), pp. 44-65. 59. Rashid, S. A. "Some Chishti Saints of Bengal." Proceedings of the Pakistan Historical Conference 2 (1952), pp. 207-16.60. ---------------. Some Chishti Saints of Bengal, Proceedings of the Pakistan Historical Conference, 2, 1952, 207-16 61. Rasool, Ghulam, Chishti Nizami Sufi Order of Bengal till mid 15th Century and its Socio-religious Contribution, Delhi, 1990 62. Rasool, Ghulam. Chishti Nizami Sufi Order of Bengal till mid 15th Century and its Socio-religious Contribution. Delhi: Idarah-i Adabiyat- Delli, 1990.63. Rawlinson, Andrew. The Book of Enlightened Masters: Western Teachers in Eastern Traditions. Chicago: Open Court, 1997. See esp. "Sufi Movement and the Sufi Order," pp. 543-52. 64. Rizvi, Saiyid Athar Abbas, A History of Sufism in India, 2 vols., Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 1978 65. Roy, Asim. The Pir tradition: A case study in Islamic syncretism in traditional Bengal. In Asim Roy, ed. Islam in South Asia: A Regional Perspective. New Delhi: South Asian Publishers, 1996. 66. -------------. The Islamic Syncretistic Tradition in Bengal. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983. 67. Salim, Mohammad. "Attitude of Chishti Saints towards Political Power." Proceedings of the Pakistan Historical Conference 2 (1952), pp. 225-29.68. Salim, Muhammad. The Holy Saint of Ajmer. Bombay: the author, 1949. 85 p. 69. -----------------------. "A Reappraisal of the Sources on Shaykh Mu`in al-Din Ajmeri." Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society 16 (1968), pp. 145-52.70. Saqlayin, Golam. Purba Pakistaner Sufi Sadhok, Dacca, 1961 71. Sarkar, J adunath., ed. [1948]. History of Bengal, Vol. 2, Muslim Period. Dhaka: Univ. of Dhaka. 72. Sharab, A. H. The Life and Teachings of Khawaja Moinud-din Hasan Chishti. Ajmer: Khawaja Publications, 1959.73. Sharda, Sadhu Ram. Sufi Thought: Its Development in Panjab and its Impact on Panjabi Literature, from Baba Farid to 1850 A.D. 1st ed. New Delhi] Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers: 1974.74. Sharib, Z. H. Khawaja Gharib Nawaz. Available from Sufi Books. 75. Singh, Nagendra Kr. Islamic Mysticism in India. New Delhi: A.P.H. Pub. Corp, 1996. 76. Siddiqui,M.S.OriginandDevelopmentoftheSufiOrderintheDeccan, 1300-1538 A.D. Islamic Culture (Hyderabad) 51 (1977) 209-219 77. Suvorova, A. A. Muslim Saints of South Asia : The Eleventh to Fifteenth Centuries. RoutledgeCurzon Sufi Series. London ;; New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004, 78. Tamizi, Mohammad Yahya, Sufi Movement in Eastern India, available from Sufi Books 79. Tamizi, Mohammad Yahya. Sufi Movement in Eastern India. Available from Sufi Books. 80. Tarafdar, Momtazur Rahman. 1986. The Bengali Muslims in the Pre-colonial Period:ProblemsofConversion,ClassFormationandCulturalEvolution.Pursartha (Paris), no.9: 93-110. 81. Thorp, J ohn P. Masters of the earth: Conceptions of power among the Muslims of rural Bangladesh. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago,1978. 82. Valiuddin, Mir. Contemplative Disciplines in Sufism. Ed. Gulshan Khakee. London: East-West Publications, 1980. Ch. 5, "Methods of Dhikr: The Chishtiyya Order," pp. 75-92. General Works: 1.Abbas, Shemeem Burney. The Female Voice in Sufi Ritual : Devotional Practices of Pakistan and India. 1st ed. Austin, Tex: University of Texas Press, 2002, 2.Abrahamov, Binyamin. Divine Love in Islamic Mysticism : The Teachings of Al-Ghazl and Al-Dabbgh. RoutledgeCurzon Sufi Series. London ;; New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003, 3.Al-Ghazzali, The Book of Knowledge, London, George Allen and Unwin Ltd, 1970. 4.Al-Hujwiri, The Kashf al-Mahjub, the Oldest Persian Treatise on Sufism, London, Luzac Press, 1959. 5.Al-Qashani, Abd al-Razzaq, A Glossary of Sufi Technical Terms, London, Octagon Press, 1991. 6.Al-Suhrawardi, Abu al-Najib, A Sufi Rule for Novices, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1975. 7.Amuli Sayyid Haydar, Inner Secrets of the Path, Longmead, Element Books, 1989. 8.Ansari, Muhammad Abdul Haq. Sufism and Shariah : A Study of Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi's Effort to Reform Sufism. Leicester: Islamic Foundation, 1986. 9.Ardalan, Nader, The sense of unity : the Sufi tradition in Persian architecture, Chicago, London, U. of Chicago Pr, 1973. 10. Awn, Peter J . Satan's Tragedy and Redemption : Iblis in Sufi Psychology. Studies in the History of Religions : Supplements to Numen ;; 44; Variation: Studies in the History of Religions ;; 44. Leiden: E.J . Brill, 1983.11. Baldick, J ulian. Mystical Islam : An Introduction to Sufism. New York University Studies in Near Eastern Civilization ;; no. 13. New York: New York University Press, 1989. 12. Bayman, Henry. The Black Pearl : Spiritual Illumination in Sufism and East Asian Philosophies. Rhinebeck, N.Y: Monkfish Book Pub. Co, 2005, 13. Bhatnagar, R. S. Dimensions of Classical Sufi Thought. 1st ed. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1984. 14. Birge, J ohn Kingsley, The Bektashi order of dervishes, London, Luzac & co.; Hartford, Conn., Hartford seminary press, 1937. 15. Buehler, Arthur F., Sufi Heirs of the Prophet : The Indian Naqshbandiyya and the Rise of the Mediating Sufi Shaykh, Studies in Comparative Religion; Variation: Studies in Comparative Religion (Columbia, S.C.). Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1998. 16. Burckhardt, Titus, An Introduction to Sufism, Aquarian Press, 1990. 17. Chittick, William C., Faith and Practice of Islam: Three Thirteenth-Century Sufi Texts, Albany, State University of New York Press, 1992. 18. -----------------------. The Sufi Path of Knowledge, Albany, State University of New York Press, 1989. 19. -----------------------, The Sufi Path of Love:The Spiritual Teachings of Rumi, Albany, State University of New York Press, 1984. 20. -----------------------, Sufism : A Short Introduction. Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2000. 21. Dahnhardt, Thomas. Change and Continuity in Indian Sufism : A Naqshbandi-Mujaddidi Branch in the Hindu Environment. Islamic Heritage in Cross-Cultural Perspectives ;; no. 3. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld, 2002.22. El Sakkakini, Widad. First among Sufis : The Life and Thought of Rabia Al-Adawiyya, the Woman Saint of Basra. London: Octagon Press, 1982. 23. Ernst Carl W. Following Muhammad Rethinking Islam in the Contemporary World, Edinburgh Press, 2004 24. ---------------. Teachings of Sufis: Guide to Sufism, Boston: Shambhala Publications, 1999 25. ---------------. The Shambhala Guide to Sufism, Shambala, 1997 26. ---------------. Ruzbihan Baqli : Mysticism and the Rhetoric of Sainthood in Persian Sufism. Curzon Sufi Series. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 1996.27. ---------------.Words of Ecstasy in Sufism. SUNY Series in Islam. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1985. 28. Ewing,KatherinePratt.ArguingSainthood:Modernity,Psychoanalysisand Islam. Durham: Duke University Press, 1997.29. Fadiman, J ames & Frager, Robert (ed.). Essential Sufism, HarperSanFrancisco, 1997 30. Gellner, Ernest, Saints of the Atlas, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1969. 31. Ghazzali. Inner Dimensions of Islamic Worship. Leicester, U.K: Islamic Foundation, 1983.32. ----------. `Abdulqayyum. Letters of Al-Ghazzali. 1st ed. Lahore: Islamic Publications, 1976.33. ----------. Al-`Allaf, Mashhad Ghazzali and Bidayat al-hidayah. The Beginning of Guidance : The Complete English and Arabic Text of Al-Ghazali's Bidayat Al-HidayaIIC-Classic Series, 2005.34. ---------. Buchman, David (trans.). The Niche of Lights. Islamic Translation Series. [Mishkat al-anwar]. 1st ed. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1998, 35. Gilsenan, Michael. Recognizing Islam. New York: Pantheon Books, 1982. 36. Haeri, Shaykh Fadhlalla, Living Islam East and West, Longmead/Dorset, Element Books Limited, 1989. 37. ----------------------------, The Journey of the Self: A Sufi Guide to Personality, San Francisco, Harper, 1989. 38. Hafiz, Teachings of Hafiz translated by Gertrude Lowthian, London, Octagon Press Press for the Sufi Trust, 1979. 39. Hamidullah, M., Introduction to Islam, Chicago, Kazi Publication, 1981. 40. Ibn 'Abbad of Ronda, Letters on the Sufi Path, NYC, Paulist Press, 1986. 41. 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