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EN EN
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Brussels, 10.10.2007 SEC(2007) 12
COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT
EU ENERGY POLICY DATA
(accompanying the following documents)
COM(2006) 841 final SEC(2006) 1709
COM(2006) 843 final SEC(2006) 1722
SEC(2006) 1723
COM(2006) 844 final SEC(2006) 1717
SEC(2006) 1718
COM(2006) 845 final SEC(2006) 1721
COM(2006) 846 final SEC(2006) 1715
COM(2006) 847 final - - -
COM(2006) 848 final SEC(2006) 1719
SEC(2006) 1720
COM(2006) 849 final - - -
COM(2007) 1 final - - -
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EN 2 EN
COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT
EU ENERGY POLICY DATA
Table of Contents:
1. Chapter 1: Global Energy Trends ................................................................................ 3
2. Chapter 2: The Current EU Energy Position................................................................ 7
3. Chapter 3: The Competitive Edge – Development of Energy Prices......................... 20
4. Chapter 4: Snapshot of Renewable Energy Sources .................................................. 25
5. Chapter 5: The Challenge of Climate Change ........................................................... 31
6. Chapter 6: Comparison of Main Energy Sources ...................................................... 38
7. Chapter 7: EU-27 and Member States Energy Factsheets ......................................... 44
In order to ensure comparability figures rely mostly on IEA and Eurostat and are based
on 2006 data for the new EU-27. The reference year used is 2004.
Sources:
European Commission
EUROSTAT
DG TREN
DG ENVIRONMENT
European Environmental Agency
EURATOM
European Energy and Transport: Trends to 2030 – Update 2005, DG TREN, 2006
International Energy Agency
World Energy Outlook 2006, OECD IEA, 2006
Electricity Annual Report 2005, OECD IEA, 2005
Coal Annual Report 2006, OECD IEA, 2006
Energy Prices and Taxes, 3Q2006, OECD IEA, 2006
Other sources
OMV, 2003
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EN 3 EN
1. CHAPTER 1: GLOBAL ENERGY TRENDS
List of Figures:
1.1. World Primary Energy Demand 1980-2030 (IEA Reference Scenario)...................... 4
1.2. World Energy Demand 2005-2030 by Region (IEA Reference Scenario) .................. 4
1.3. World Incremental Electricity Generation by Fuel (IEA Reference Scenario) ........... 5
1.4. Cumulative Energy Investment in Energy Supply Infrastructure 2005-2030 (IEA Reference Scenario) ..................................................................................................... 5
1.5. Comparative Analysis of Energy Indicators of Major Global Energy Players (2004) 6
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EN 4 EN
1.1. World Primary Energy Demand 1980-2030 (IEA Reference Scenario)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
1980 2004 2010 2015 2030Mtoe
Coal Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro Biomass and Waste Other RES
Source: WEO 2006, OECD/IEA 2006
1.2. World Energy Demand 2005-2030 by Region (IEA Reference Scenario)
Source: WEO 2006 ©OECD/IEA 2006
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EN 5 EN
1.3. World Incremental Electricity Generation by Fuel (IEA Reference Scenario)
Source: WEO 2006 ©OECD/IEA 2006
1.4. Cumulative Energy Investment in Energy Supply Infrastructure 2005-2030
(IEA Reference Scenario)
Source: WEO 2006 ©OECD/IEA 2006
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EN 6 EN
1.5. Comparative Analysis of Energy Indicators of Major Global Energy Players (2004)
Main Energy Indicators Brazil China India Japan Russia USA World EU-27
Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) [2004, Mtoe] 204.85 1 609.35 572.85 533.2 641.53 2 325.89 11 223.3 1 814.77
TPES/POP [toe/capita] 1.11 1.24 0.53 4.18 4.46 7.91 1.77 3.78
TPES/GDP [toe/000 2000$] 0.31 0.94 0.99 0.11 1.95 0.22 0.32 0.2
TPES/GDP (PPP) [toe/000 2000$ PPP] 0.15 0.23 0.18 0.16 0.49 0.22 0.21 0.16
CO2/TPES [tCO2/toe] 1.58 2.94 1.93 2.28 2.38 2.49 2.37 2.27
CO2/GDP [kgCO2/2000$] 0.49 2.76 1.9 0.25 4.65 0.54 0.76 0.46
CO2/GDP (PPP) [kgCO2/2000$ PPP] 0.23 0.67 0.35 0.35 1.17 0.54 0.51 0.36
Total Primary Energy Supply - Mix [2004, share in %]
oil 42.3% 19.3% 22.2% 47.8% 20.4% 40.7% 35.2% 36.8%
gas 7.7% 2.6% 4.1% 13.2% 54.0% 22.1% 20.6% 24%
coal/solid fuels 6.9% 61.7% 34.1% 21.8% 16.2% 23.4% 24.7% 16.2%
nuclear 1.5% 0.8% 0.8% 13.8% 5.9% 9.1% 6.4% 14.4%
hydro 13.5% 1.9% 1.3% 1.5% 2.4% 1.0% 2.2% 1.54%
combined renewable + waste 26.5% 13.7% 37.4% 1.2% 1.1% 3.0% 10.5% 4.51%
geothermal/solar/wind 0.0% 0.1% 0.7% 0.1% 0.5% 0.5% 0.66%
Total Final Consumption [2004, Mtoe] 172.2 1038.4 403.3 354.3 425.2 1 600.8 7 644.4 1 177.10
Intensity of total R&D [2003, % of GDP] (1) 3.12% 2.59% 1.97%
Net Imports [Mtoe] 31.33 90.37 105.8 440.75 -511.01 714.51 4 352.7 934.51
Net Imports/TPES [%] 15.29% 5.62% 18.47% 82.66% -79.65% 30.72% 38.8% 50%
(1) Including industry and public research. Data for EU refer to EU-25 (Source: DG RTD)
Source: European Commission DG TREN, IEA
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EN 7 EN
2. CHAPTER 2: THE CURRENT EU ENERGY POSITION
List of Figures:
2.1. EU-27 Total Primary Energy Supply (2004): about 1 800 Mtoe................................. 8
2.2. EU-27 Electricity Mix (2004) ...................................................................................... 8
2.3. EU-27 Energy Intensity................................................................................................ 9
2.4. EU-27 Import Dependency 2004 (%) ........................................................................ 10
2.5. EU-27 Energy Mix with Renewable Energy Sources (2004) .................................... 11
2.6. EU-27 Origin of Natural Gas (2004) ......................................................................... 11
2.7. EU-27 Origin of Oil (2004)........................................................................................ 12
2.8. EU-27 Origin of Hard Coal (2004) ............................................................................ 12
2.9. EU-27 Net Imports of Fossil Fuels (Baseline Scenario)............................................ 13
2.10. EU-27 Development of Import Dependence up to 2030 (Baseline Scenario) ........... 13
2.11. EU-27 Total Primary Energy Supply (Baseline Scenario) ........................................ 14
2.12. Origin of Enriched Uranium to EU-25 (2005)........................................................... 14
2.13. EU-25 Origins of natural uranium 2005 .................................................................... 15
2.14. EU-27 Overview of Operational and Shutdown Nuclear Power Plants .................... 15
2.15. Anticipated effects on Capacity of Coal-Fired Power Plants 2005-2050 .................. 16
2.16. Nuclear Share in Power Generation in the Member States........................................ 16
2.17. EU-27 Cumulative Energy Investment Needs up to 2030 (Baseline Scenario)......... 17
2.18. EU-27 Cumulative Investments in Energy by Electricity Supply Infrastructure (2005-2030) .......................................................................................................................... 18
2.19. EU-27 Cumulative Energy Investments (2005-2030): €1 800 billion....................... 18
2.20. EU-27 Cumulative Electricity Investments (2005-2030): €900 billion..................... 19
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EN 8 EN
2.1. EU-27 Total Primary Energy Supply (2004): about 1 800 Mtoe
Solid fuels
18%
Oil
38%
Gas
24%
Nuclear
14%
Renewables
6%
Other
0%
Source: European Commission DG TREN, Eurostat
2.2. EU-27 Electricity Mix (2004)
Coal
30%
Oil
4%
Gas
20%
Nuclear
31%
Renewables (*)
14%
Other
1%
Source: European Commission DG TREN, Eurostat, *Renewables:
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EN
9
EN
2.3.
EU-27 Energy Intensity
Energy Intensity 2002-2004
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
EU-2
7EU
-25
EU-1
5EU
-10
EU-1
2 Den
mar
k Aust
riaIre
land G
erm
any Fr
ance
Italy
Luxe
mbo
urg
UK Be
lgiu
m
Net
herla
nds Sw
edenSp
ain Po
rtuga
l Gre
ece C
ypru
s Finl
and
Mal
ta Slov
enia H
unga
ryPo
land
Latv
ia
Cze
ch R
epub
lic Slov
akia Li
thua
nia Es
toni
a Bulg
aria R
oman
ia
[toe/1000EUR]
2002
2003
2004
Sourc
e: E
uro
stat
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EN 10 EN
2.4. EU-27 Import Dependency 2004 (%)
50.1
78.9
48.0
25.3
-47.9
61.3
28.5
72.777.4
50.5
86.5 84.5
63.5
48.0
98.2
60.8
100.0
30.7
70.8
14.7
83.6
30.3
52.1
67.6
54.4
36.5
5.2
94.6
EU27 BE
BG CZ
DK DE EE EL ES FR IE IT CY LV LT LU HU
MT NL
AT
PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK
Source: Eurostat
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EN 11 EN
2.5. EU-27 Energy Mix with Renewable Energy Sources (2004)
Other
0.1%
Solid fuels
18.2% Gas
24.0%
Nuclear
14.4%
Oil
36.8%
Renewables
6.4%
Solar
0.04%
Hydro
1.5%
Wind
0.3%
Biomass and waste
4.2%
Geothermal
0.3%
Source: European Commission DG TREN, Eurostat
2.6. EU-27 Origin of Natural Gas (2004)
EU own
production total
37%
Russian
Federation
29%
Qatar
1%
Algeria
13%
Nigeria
1%
Others
2%
Norway
17%
Source: European Commission DG TREN, Eurostat
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EN 12 EN
2.7. EU-27 Origin of Oil (2004)
Russia
26%
Saudi Arabia
9%
Libya
8%
Iran
5%
Kazakhstan
3%
Nigeria
3%
Algeria
3%
Norway
13%
EU own
production total
18%
Others
10%
Iraq
2%
Source: European Commission DG TREN, Eurostat
2.8. EU-27 Origin of Hard Coal (2004)
EU own
production total
54%
Colombia
6%
Indonesia
3%
USA
4%
Others
5%
South Africa
13%
Russia
8%
Australia
7%
Source: European Commission DG TREN, Eurostat
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EN 13 EN
2.9. EU-27 Net Imports of Fossil Fuels (Baseline Scenario)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
solid fuels
natural gas
oil
Source: European Commission DG TREN, PRIMES
2.10. EU-27 Development of Import Dependence up to 2030 (Baseline Scenario)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(%)
Total Oil Natural Gas Solids
2000 2010 2020 2030
Source: European Commission DG TREN, PRIMES
(Mbtu)
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EN 14 EN
2.11. EU-27 Total Primary Energy Supply (Baseline Scenario)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Mtoe
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Renewables Nuclear Natural Gas Oil Solids
Source: European Commission DG TREN, PRIMES
2.12. Origin of Enriched Uranium to EU-25 (2005)
EU 71%
United States
2%
Russia 27%
Source: European Commission DG TREN, Euratom Supply Agency
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EN 15 EN
2.13. EU-25 Origins of natural uranium 2005
Unites States
5%
Other +
undetermined
3%
EU
2%
Canada
25%
Niger
12%
Australia
16%
Uzbekistan
3%
Kazakhstan
3%
HEU feed
7%
Re-enriched tails
2%
Russia
17%South Africa +
Namibia
5%
Source: European Commission DG TREN, AAE
2.14. EU-27 Overview of Operational and Shutdown Nuclear Power Plants
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45Age (at 1/11/06 or at SD)
Nr 152 operational NPP
(-3 from 31/12/06)
operational and to shutdown before
2025 in a 40y lifetime scenario
2 Under Construction (FI, RO)
67 actually Shutdown NPP
(+3 from 31/12/06)
Source TREN, PRIS
Source: European Commission DG TREN, PRIS
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2.15. Anticipated effects on Capacity of Coal-Fired Power Plants 2005-2050
Note: Option 0: No policy Change, Option 1: Removal of Barriers to Sustainable Coal Technologies, Option 2: Pro-active Introduction of Incentives for the Penetration of Sustainable Coal Technologies
Source: European Commission DG TREN
2.16. Nuclear Share in Power Generation in the Member States
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
FR DE SU UK ES BE CZ FI BG SK LT HU RO SI NLMS
Production, TWh
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Share, %
Source Eurostat
The asterisks indicate to whether a nuclear plant is being constructed in that country or whether a project for a new plant is already in preparation or finally a decision on new build may be possible in future. (1) * 1 Unit under construction (3) *** Project(s) under decision (2) ** Project(s) in preparation
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EN 17 EN
2.17. EU-27 Cumulative Energy Investment Needs up to 2030 (Baseline Scenario)
Investment (billion EUR)………Share
Oil (development, exploration, refining) 90 5.1%
Gas (exploration and development, distribution) 221 12.3%
Coal (mining, shipping) 24 1.3%
Renewables (heating and biofuels) 78 4.4%
Electricity: total investment 1 377 76.9%
Total 897 50%
Gas 148 8.3%
Oil 19 1%
Coal 261 14.6%
RES 327 18.3%
Of which:
Generation
Nuclear 141 7.9%
Of which: Transmission 116 6.5%
Of which: Distribution 364 20.3%
Total Energy Investment 1 790 100%
Source: European Commission DG TREN
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EN 18 EN
2.18. EU-27 Cumulative Investments in Energy by Electricity Supply Infrastructure
(2005-2030)
Coal
1%
Gas
12%
Oil
5%
Electricity
77%
Distribution
27%
Transmission
8%
Generation
65%
RES-H,T
5%
Source: European Commission DG TREN
2.19. EU-27 Cumulative Energy Investments (2005-2030): €1 800 billion
5%
12%
1% 5%
77 %
Power Sector
Oil
Gas
Coal
RES-H,T
Source: European Commission DG TREN
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EN 19 EN
2.20. EU-27 Cumulative Electricity Investments (2005-2030): €900 billion
2%
29%36%
16%17%
Gas
Oil
Coal
RES
Nuclear
Source: European Commission DG TREN
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EN 20 EN
3. CHAPTER 3: THE COMPETITIVE EDGE – DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY PRICES
List of Figures:
3.1. Average Crude Oil and Natural Gas Import Prices.................................................... 21
3.2. Coal Import Prices...................................................................................................... 21
3.3. EU, US and Japan LNG and EU Pipeline Import Prices ........................................... 22
3.4. EU Emission Trading Scheme: Market Volume........................................................ 22
3.5. EU Emission Trading Scheme: Price Development .................................................. 23
3.6. EU-15 Average Electricity and Gas Retail Prices 1997-2006 ................................... 23
3.7. EU-15 Electricity Price Summary 1997-2006 ........................................................... 24
3.8. EU-15 Gas Price Summary 1997-2006...................................................................... 24
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EN 21 EN
3.1. Average Crude Oil and Natural Gas Import Prices
Source: WEO 2006 ©OECD/IEA 2006
3.2. Coal Import Prices
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
US Dollars / Tonne
OECD US Japan
Source: Electricity Prices and Taxes 3Q2006, OECD/IEA 2006
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EN 22 EN
3.3. EU, US and Japan LNG and EU Pipeline Import Prices
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Jan-01 Jul-01 Jan-02 Jul-02 Jan-03 Jul-03 Jan-04 Jul-04 Jan-05 Jul-05 Jan-06 Jul-06
US Dollars/MBtu
EU LNG US LNG Japan LNG
Algeria-Spain pipeline Norway-UK pipeline Russia pipeline
Source: Electricity Prices and Taxes 3Q2006, OECD/IEA 2006
3.4. EU Emission Trading Scheme: Market Volume
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Jan
-05
Feb
-05
Mar
-05
Apr
-05
May
-05
Jun
-05
Jul
-05
Aug
-05
Sep
-05
Oct
-05
Nov
-05
Dec
-05
Jan
-06
Feb
-06
Mar
-06
Apr
-06
May
-06
Jun
-06
Jul
-06
Aug
-06
Sep
-06
Oct
-06
Nov
-06
Volume traded (mt)
Source: European Commission DG ENV, Point Carbon
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EN 23 EN
3.5. EU Emission Trading Scheme: Price Development
€ 6
€ 10
€ 14
€ 18
€ 22
€ 26
€ 30
Dec-04 Feb-05 Apr-05 Jun-05 Aug-05 Oct-05 Dec-05 Feb-06 Apr-06 Jun-06 Aug-06 Oct-06
………… price for allowances for use in the ETS period 2005 to 2007 ………… price for allowances for use in 2008 to 2012, for which active trading started later
Source: European Commission, DG ENV, Point Carbon
3.6. EU-15 Average Electricity and Gas Retail Prices 1997-2006
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
1997=100
Electricity Gas Coal Crude oil
Weighted average of large industrial, industrial, commercial and household prices (at 1995 price levels and not
including taxes).
Source: European Commission DG TREN, Internal Market Report
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EN 24 EN
3.7. EU-15 Electricity Price Summary 1997-2006
1997 = 100, constant prices July 1997 July 2000 July 2005 July 2006
Average (all consumers) 100 86 89 98
Very large 100 83 96 121
Medium industrial 100 82 94 107
Small commercial and households
100 88 86 91
Source: Eurostat
3.8. EU-15 Gas Price Summary 1997-2006
1997 = 100, constant prices July 1997 July 2000 July 2005 July 2006
Average (all consumers)
100 92 120 153
Very large industrial users
100 98 133 201
Large industrial users
100 93 135 186
Medium industrial users
100 95 138 206
Small commercial and households
100 91 114 146
Source: Eurostat
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EN 25 EN
4. CHAPTER 4: SNAPSHOT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
List of Figures:
4.1. Development of the Share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) per Sector ............ 26
4.2. Contribution of Renewable Energy (Electricity, Transport and Heat) 1990-2004 .... 26
4.3. Non-hydro Renewable Electricity Generation in EU-25 (1990-2005) ...................... 27
4.4. Renewables Growth: Electricity Projections up to 2020 ........................................... 27
4.5. Renewables Growth: Heating and Cooling Projections up to 2020........................... 28
4.6. CO2 Emissions Avoided due to New RES Deployment up to 2020 in EU-25 .......... 28
4.7. Development of the Biofuels Share in EU Member States........................................ 29
4.8. Biomass Share of Heating in Member States............................................................. 30
4.9. Geothermal Share of Heating in Member States........................................................ 30
4.10. Solar Share of Heating in Member States .................................................................. 30
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EN 26 EN
4.1..... Development of the Share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) per Sector
0
50
100
150
200
Electricity Biofuels Heating
(%)
1995-1999 2000-2004
Source: European Commission DG TREN
4.1. Contribution of Renewable Energy (Electricity, Transport and Heat) 1990-2004
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
(Mtoe)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
(Mtoe)
RES-H RES-E
RES-E (ex hydro, righthand scale) RES-T (righthand scale)
Source: European Commission, DG TREN
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EN 27 EN
4.2. Non-hydro Renewable Electricity Generation in EU-25 (1990-2005)
0
30
60
90
120
150
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Electricity generation [TWh/year] _
Wind off-shore
Wind on-shore
Photovoltaics
Geothermal electricity
Biowaste
Solid biomass
Biogas
Source: European Commission, Renewables Roadmap
4.3. Renewables Growth: Electricity Projections up to 2020
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
RES-E - energy output [TWh/year] Wind offshore
Wind onshore
Tide & wave
Solar thermal electricity
Photovoltaics
Hydro large-scale
Hydro small-scale
Geothermal electricity
Biowaste
Solid biomass
Biogas
Historical development Future development
Source: European Commission, Renewables Roadmap
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EN 28 EN
4.4. Renewables Growth: Heating and Cooling Projections up to 2020
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1401997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
RES-H - energy output [Mtoe/year]
Solar thermalheat
Geothermal -heat pumps
Geothermal -non heat pumps
Biomass heat
Historical development Future development
Source: European Commission, Renewables Roadmap
4.5. CO2 Emissions Avoided due to New RES Deployment up to 2020 in
EU-25
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Avoided CO2 emissions
(due to new RES plant
(2005 to 2020))
[Mt CO2]
RES-T
RES-H - non grid
RES-H - district heat
RES-E&H - CHP
RES-E - pure power
Source: European Commission, Renewables Roadmap
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EN 29 EN
4.6. Development of the Biofuels Share in EU Member States
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Aus
tria
BelgiumCyp
rus
Czech
Rep
ublic
Den
mark
Eston
iaFinlan
dFran
ceGerman
yGreec
eHun
gary
Irelan
d
ItalyLa
tvia
Lithua
nia
Luxe
mbo
urg
Malta
The Nethe
rlan
dsPolan
dPortuga
lSlova
kia
Slove
nia
Spa
inSwed
en UK
% Biofuel share 2003 Biofuel share 2004 Biofuel share 2005
Source: European Commission DG TREN, Biofuels Progress Reports provided by Member States
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EN 30 EN
4.7. Biomass Share of Heating in Member States
0,0%
10,0%
20,0%
30,0%
40,0%
SE FI LT LA EE PT AT SI DK FR GR ES IT PL DE HU IR CZ BE SK UK NL LU CY MT
Source: Eurostat, European Commission DG TREN
4.8. Geothermal Share of Heating in Member States
0,0%
0,5%
1,0%
1,5%
SI HU SK LT IT FR SE GR AT PL CZ DK BE PT
Source: Eurostat, European Commission DG TREN
4.9. Solar Share of Heating in Member States
0,0%
1,0%
2,0%
3,0%
4,0%
CY MT GR AT DE DK SI PT ES SE NL IT FR LU SK HU CZ
Source: Eurostat, European Commission DG TREN
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EN 31 EN
5. CHAPTER 5: THE CHALLENGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE
List of Figures:
5.1. World Energy-related CO2 Emissions by Sector (IEA Reference Scenario)............. 32
5.2. Energy-related CO2 Emissions by Region (IEA Reference Scenario)....................... 32
5.3. EU-27 Energy- related CO2 Emissions on Current Trends........................................ 33
5.4. EU-25 Total Emissions of Greenhouse Gases from Fuel Combustion by Sector...... 34
5.5. EU-25 Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Capita (1990-2004)...................................... 35
5.6. Summary of Planned Measures and Progress towards Targets (by Country)............ 36
5.7. EU-25 Key Figures on the Emission Trading Scheme 2005-2007............................ 37
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EN 32 EN
5.1. World Energy-related CO2 Emissions by Sector (IEA Reference Scenario)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1990 2004 2010 2015 2030
billion t
Total
Power
Generation
Transport
Industry
Residential
and services
Other
Source: WEO 2006 ©OECD/IEA 2006
5.2. Energy-related CO2 Emissions by Region (IEA Reference Scenario)
Source: WEO 2006 ©OECD/IEA 2006
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EN 33 EN
5.3. EU-27 Energy- related CO2 Emissions on Current Trends
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
households /services / other
industry
transport
electricity / heat /other energysupply
Mt CO2
Source: European Commission DG TREN, Eurostat
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EN 34 EN
5.4. EU-25 Total Emissions of Greenhouse Gases from Fuel Combustion by Sector
Source: Eurostat
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EN 35 EN
5.5. EU-25 Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Capita (1990-2004)
1990
2004
Source: EEA Report No 9/2006
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EN 36 EN
5.6. Summary of Planned Measures and Progress towards Targets (by Country)
Source: EEA Report No 9/2006
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EN 37 EN
5.7. EU-25 Key Figures on the Emission Trading Scheme 2005-2007
Source: EEA Report No 9/2006
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EN 38 EN
6. CHAPTER 6: COMPARISON OF MAIN ENERGY SOURCES
List of Figures:
6.1. Energy Sources for Electricity Generation ................................................................ 39
6.2. Energy Sources for Heating ....................................................................................... 42
6.3. Fuels for Road Transport ........................................................................................... 43
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EN 39 EN
6.1. Energy Sources for Electricity Generation
2005 Cost (€ / MWh)
Projected
Cost 2030 (€ / MWh with
€20-30/t/CO2)
EU-27 Import
dependency (5) Energy
sources
Technology
considered for the
cost estimate Source IEA (1)
GHG
emissions (Kg
CO2eq/MWh) (4) 2005 2030
Efficiency (6) Fuel price
sensitivity
Proven
reserves
/
Annual
production (7)
Open cycle gas turbine 45 – 70 (2) 55 - 85 440 40% Very high
Natural gas CCGT (Combined Cycle Gas Turbine)
35 - 45 40 - 55 400
57% 84%
50% Very high
64 years
Oil Diesel engine 70 - 80 80 - 95 550 82% 93% 30% Very high 42 years
PF (Pulverised Fuel with flue gas desulphurisation)
30 - 40 45 - 60 800 40-45% medium
CFBC (Circulating fluidized bed combustion)
35 - 45 50 - 65 800 40-45% medium Coal
IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle)
40 - 50 55 - 70 750
39% 59%
48% medium
155 years
Nuclear Light water reactor 40 - 45 40 - 45 15 Almost 100% for uranium ore
33% low Reasonable reserves: 85 years (8)
Biomass Biomass generation plant
25 - 85 25 - 75 30 30 - 60% medium
35 - 175 28 - 170 On shore
...35 – 110 (3) . 28 – 80 (3) 30 95-98%
50 - 170 50 - 150 Wind
Off shore ...60 – 150 (3) ...40 – 120 (3)
10 95-98%
Large 25 - 95 25 - 90 20 95-98% Hydro
Small (<10MW) 45 - 90 40 - 80 5 95-98%
Solar Photovoltaic 140 - 430 55 -260 100
nil
/
nil
R e n e w a b l e
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EN 40 EN
Nota 1:
Costs are calculated at the boundary of the power plant (ex factory), without transmission and distribution costs.
Costs cover investments, operation & maintenance and fuel costs. Investment costs include construction cost, refurbishment costs and decommissioning cost. For nuclear fuel, costs include all the steps from mining to disposal of spent fuel.
Plants are operating on base load conditions with 2006 fuel prices (coal ~ 2€/GJ; gas ~ 4€/GJ; oil ~ 6€/GJ), no cogeneration and no carbon price included. 2030 costs with CCS include capture, transportation and storage.
Intermittent energy sources are without any additional costs for the stand-by generation (back up)
Sources for generation costs:
2005 costs: IEA: Projected cost of generating electricity - IEA, NEA 2005 (European projects only)
2030 costs: IEA: Energy Technology Perspectives - IEA 2006
With 10% discount rate and 1€ = $1.25
Regarding 2030 costs for fossil fuel based generation; additional costs for CO2 emissions have been calculated and added, on the basis of €20 and €30/tCO2, to the current generation costs.
With complementary data from
- The Energy Review Report 2006 – DTI (UK)
- The cost of generating electricity - Royal Academy of engineering 2004(UK)
- Study of reference costs for power generation – Industry Ministry; DGEMP 2004(FR)
For intermittent renewable energy sources, the main driving factor for costs calculations is the "capacity factor" (The capacity factor of a power plant is the amount of electricity that it produces over a period of time, divided by the amount of electricity it could have produced the time). The capacity factor varies widely from site to site, especially for wind power and solar power, explaining the wide range of generation costs.
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EN 41 EN
Nota 2: For the open gas cycle turbine, cost figures are from the Royal academy of engineering
Nota 3: Green X Project
Nota 4: The total rate of GHG emission is the sum of the emission during operation (fuel combustion), upstream (construction, mining) and downstream (decommissioning, spent fuel) activities
Source for GHG emissions: Greenhouse gas emissions of electricity generation chains: Assessing the difference; IAEA bulletin 42/2/2000
Nota 5: Import dependency for fossil fuels relate to broad energy sources and not specific derived fuels; numbers are given for coal plus lignite, oil and natural gas rather than for e.g. diesel; import dependency 2005: preliminary statistics; 2030: baseline modelling results (European Energy and Transport Trends to 2030 – update 2005)
Nota 6: Efficiency is the ratio expressed in percent of energy output to the energy input (calorific value of fuel for thermal plants)
Nota 7: The [proven reserves / annual production] ratio represents the length of time that those proven reserves would last if the annual production were to continue at the same level
Sources: World Energy Outlook 2006 - AIE (oil, gas, coal)
Uranium 2005: Resources, Production and Demand – NEA (for uranium)
Nota 8: According to the IAE WEO 2006 "identified conventional uranium resources are sufficient for several decades of operation at current usage rates." The "Uranium 2005: resources, production and demand" published by the OECD mentions 85 years of 2004 world nuclear electricity generation with identified resources.
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EN 42 EN
6.2. Energy Sources for Heating
EU-27 import
dependence Energy sources
EU-25 market
share by
energy source
Market price
(€/toe )
Lifecycle cost
(€/toe )
GHG emissions
(t CO2eq/toe ) 2005 2030
Heating gas oil 20% 525
(€0.45/l) 3.1 82% 93%
Natural gas 33% 230 – 340
(€20-30/MWh) 2.1 57% 84% Fossil fuels
Coal 1.8% 70
(€100/tce)
300-1300
4 39% 59%
Wood chips 280 545-1300 0.4 0 ?
Biomass
Pellets
5.7%
540 630-1300 0.4 0 ?
Electricity 31% 550 - 660
(€50-60/MWh) 550 - 660 0 to 12 <1% ?
Solar 0.2% / 680-2320 Very low 0 0
Geothermal 0.4% / 230-1450 Very low 0 0
Data from:
• EIE Project K4 RES-H
• Green X model
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EN 43 EN
6.3. Energy Sources for Road Transport
Import dependence
Market price
(€/toe)
CO2 emissions
(t CO2/toe)1 2005 2030
Petrol and diesel 398-5822 3.6–3.7 82% 93%
Natural gas
230–340 (NB: requires a specially adapted vehicle
and a dedicated distribution system) 3.0 57% 84%
Domestic biofuel 609-742 1.9–2.4 0% 0%
Tropical bio-ethanol 327-540 0.4 100% 100%
Second-generation biofuel 898–1 109 0.3–0.9 / 15%
Source: JRC well-to-wheels report.
1 Figures given for biofuels are those for the cheapest production techniques 2 Assuming oil price of $48/barrel and $70/barrel respectively
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EN 44 EN
7. CHAPTER 7: EU-27 AND MEMBER STATES ENERGY FACTSHEETS
Introduction:
Total primary energy supply – shows the share of energy sources in the energy mix. It is the quantity of energy consumed within the borders of a country. It is calculated using the formula: primary production + recovered products + imports + stock changes - exports - bunkers (i.e. quantities supplied to sea-going ships).
Total final consumption – (Mtoe) - is the energy finally consumed in the transport, industrial, commercial, agricultural, public and household sectors. It excludes deliveries to the energy conversion sector and to the energy industries themselves.
Electricity mix – shows the share of the various energy sources used for electricity generation.
Electricity generation – (TWh) – is the quantity of electricity consumed within the borders of a country.
Indigenous production - shows the share of energy sources extracted and used from domestic natural sources. The precise definition depends on the fuel involved.
Coal - quantities of fuels extracted or produced, calculated after any operation to remove inert matter. In general, production includes the quantities consumed by the producer during the production process (e.g. for heating or operation of equipment and auxiliaries) plus any quantities supplied to other on-site producers of energy for conversion or other uses.
Crude oil - quantities of fuels extracted or produced within national boundaries, including off-shore production. Production includes only marketable production and excludes any quantities returned to formation. Production includes all crude oil, natural gas liquids (NGL), condensates and oil from shale and tar sands, etc.
Natural gas - quantities of dry gas, measured after purification and extraction of natural gas liquids and sulphur. Production includes only marketable production, and excludes any quantities re-injected, vented and flared, and any extraction losses. Production includes all quantities used within the natural gas industry, in gas extraction, pipeline systems and processing plants.
Nuclear - quantities of heat produced in a reactor. Production is the actual heat produced or the heat calculated on the basis of the gross electricity generated and the thermal efficiency of the nuclear plant. All nuclear production is set as fully indigenous.
Renewables
Geothermal - quantities of heat extracted from geothermal fluids. Production is calculated on the basis of the difference between the enthalpy of the fluid produced in the production borehole and that of the fluid disposed of via the re-injection borehole.
Biomass/Waste - in the cases of municipal solid wastes (MSW), wood, wood wastes and other solid wastes, production is the heat produced after combustion and corresponds to the heat content (NCV) of the fuel. In the case of anaerobic digestion of wet wastes, production is the heat content (NCV) of the biogases produced. Production includes all quantities of gas consumed in the installation for the fermentation processes, and excludes all quantities of flared gases. In the case of biofuels, production is the heat content (NCV) of the fuel.
Hydro – electricity generated by hydro power plant includes small hydro. Tide, Wave, Ocean power plants are included as well, because Eurostat is using it in this way.
Wind - electricity generated by onshore and offshore wind power plants. Figures are set for the end of 2004, while there was a significant increase of new installed Wind Power Plants in 2005.
Net imports by fuels (Mtoe) – share of all energy sources imported, excluding all nuclear, which is set as indigenous by Eurostat. Net electricity imports are included.
Imports of crude oil – imported crude oil divided by countries of origin. EU-27 is counted without imports inside the EU.
Imports of natural gas - imported natural gas divided by countries of origin. EU-27 is counted without imports inside the EU.
Imports of hard coal - imported hard coal divided by countries of origin. EU-27 is counted without imports inside the EU.
Abbreviations
Mtoe – million tonnes of oil equivalent.
TWh – Terawatt hours.
Sources
All data are 2004 data from Eurostat, unless otherwise stated.
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EN 45 EN
EU-27
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Solid fuels
18%
Oil
38%
Gas
24%
Nuclear
14%
Renewables
6%
Other
0%
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other
ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Coal
30%
Oil
4%
Gas
20%
Nuclear
31%
Renewables (*)
14%
Other
1%
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Coal Oil Gas Nuclear Renew ables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORT BY FUELS
Solid fuels
22%
Oil
15%
Gas
22%
Nuclear
28%
Renewables
12%
Other
1%
- 100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Russian
Federation
33%
Norway
19%
Saudi Arabia
11%
Iraq
2%
Others
9%Kazakhstan
4%
Iran
6%
Libya
9%
Algeria
4%
Nigeria
3%
Norway
27%
Algeria
20%
Russian
Federation
46%
Others
7%
South Africa
29%
USA
8%
Others
10%
Indonesia
7%
Russian
Federation
17%
Australia
16%
Colombia
13%
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EN 46 EN
AUSTRIA
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Oil
42%Gas
23%
Renewables
21%
Other
2%Solid fuels
12%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Gas
19%
Renewables (*)
62%
Oil
3%
Solid fuels
12%
Other
4%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renewables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Solid fuels
1%Oil
11%
Gas
17%
Renewables
71%
Other
0%
- 2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Others
7%Algeria
3%
Libya
13%
Russian
Federation
16%
Nigeria
9%
Iran
3%
Saudi
Arabia
20%
Kazakhstan
22%
Imports
from EU
7%
Germany
4%Norway
14%
Russian
Federation
82%
Source: OMV,2003
Others
0%
Poland
51%
Czech
Republic
49%
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EN 47 EN
BELGIUM
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Gas
26%
Nuclear
22%
Oil
37%
Renewables
2%
Other
2%Solid fuels
11%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Gas
28%
Nuclear
55%
Solid fuels
11%
Other
2%Renewables (*)
2%
Oil
2%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renew ables (*) Other INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Nuclear
93%
Renewables
7%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Norway
9%
Saudi Arabia
16%
Russian
Federation
40%
Iran
13%
Venezuela
3% United
Kingdom
9%
Denmark
6%
Netherlands
42%
United
Kingdom
2%
Norway
37%
Russian
Federation
2%
Algeria
17%
South Africa
31%
Australia
27%
United
States
17%
Poland
4%
Russian
Federation
13%
Canada
4%
Others
4%
![Page 48: EN - Welcome to Archive of European Integration - Archive ...aei.pitt.edu/38944/2/SEC_(2007)_12.pdf · EN EN COMMISSION OF THE ... I K F I S E K Source: Eurostat . EN 11 EN 2.5](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021621/5cf72b1f88c99387248c726b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
EN 48 EN
BULGARIA
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Gas
13%
Solid fuels
36%
Other
2%
Oil
22%
Nuclear
22%
Renew ables
5%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Gas
4%
Renewables (*)
8%
Nuclear
40%
Oil
2%
Solid Fuels
46%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid Fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renew ables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Gas
3%
Renewables
10%
Oil
0%
Solid fuels
44%
Nuclear
43%
- 1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
United Arab
Emirates
1%Kazakhstan
10%
Russian
Federation
89%
Russian
Federation
100%
Canada
6%
Russian
Federation
36%CIS (except
Russia)
46%
Australia
3%
United
States
9%
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EN 49 EN
CYPRUS
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Oil
94%
Solid fuels
2%Renewables
4%
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other
ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Renewables (*)
0,03%
Oil
99,97%
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renew ables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Renewables
100%
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Russian
Federation
31%
Syrian Arab
Republic
58%
CIS (Except
Russia)
11%
No imports
UK
64%
Australia
23%
Other
13%
![Page 50: EN - Welcome to Archive of European Integration - Archive ...aei.pitt.edu/38944/2/SEC_(2007)_12.pdf · EN EN COMMISSION OF THE ... I K F I S E K Source: Eurostat . EN 11 EN 2.5](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021621/5cf72b1f88c99387248c726b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
EN 50 EN
CZECH REPUBLIC
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Gas
17%
Nuclear
15%
Renewables
3%
Oil
21%
Other
1%
Solid fuels
43%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Gas
6%
Nuclear
31%
Renewables (*)
3%
Solid fuels
59%
Other
1%
Oil
0,4%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renew ables (*) Other INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Solid fuels
72%
Oil
1%
Gas
1%
Nuclear
21%
Renewables
5%
Other
0%
- 4
- 2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Azerbaijan
17%
Russian
Federation
69%
Kazakhstan
4%
Syria
4%Algeria
3%
Libya
3%
Russian
Federation
74%
Norway
26%
Poland
93%
Russian
Federation
6%
Other
1%
![Page 51: EN - Welcome to Archive of European Integration - Archive ...aei.pitt.edu/38944/2/SEC_(2007)_12.pdf · EN EN COMMISSION OF THE ... I K F I S E K Source: Eurostat . EN 11 EN 2.5](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021621/5cf72b1f88c99387248c726b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
EN 51 EN
DENMARK
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Gas
23%
Renewables
14%
Oil
41%
Solid fuels
21%
Other
1%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other
ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Gas
25%
Renewables (*)
25%
Solid fuels
46%
Oil
4%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renewables (*) Other INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Oil
63%
Gas
28%
Renewables
9%
- 12
- 10
- 8
- 6
- 4
- 2
0
2
4
6
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Norway
100%
No imports
Russian
Federation
27%
South Africa
24%Colombia
19%
United
States
2%
Norway
4%
Poland
14%
Australia
6%
China (incl
Hong Kong)
4%
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EN 52 EN
ESTONIA
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Oil
18%
Gas
13%
Renewables
10%
Other
3%
Solid fuels
56%
0
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other
ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Gas
6,6%
Renewables (*)
0,2%
Oil
0,3%
Solid fuels
92,5%
Other
0,3%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renewables (*) Other INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Solid fuels
75%
Renewables
17%
Oil
8%
-0,4
-0,2
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
No imports
Russian
Federation
100%
No imports
![Page 53: EN - Welcome to Archive of European Integration - Archive ...aei.pitt.edu/38944/2/SEC_(2007)_12.pdf · EN EN COMMISSION OF THE ... I K F I S E K Source: Eurostat . EN 11 EN 2.5](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021621/5cf72b1f88c99387248c726b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
EN 53 EN
FINLAND
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Oil
28%
Nuclear
16%
Renewables
24%
Gas
10%
Other
2% Solid fuels
20%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Oil
1%
Nuclear
26%
Renewables (*)
30%
Solid fuels
27%
Other
1%
Gas
15%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renewables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Renewables
57%
Solid fuels
5%
Nuclear
38%
Other
0%
- 2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Kazakhstan
4%
Russian
Federation
77%
Norway
5%
United
Kingdom
1%
Denmark
13%
Russian
Federation
100%
Russian
Federation
67%
Poland
20%
United
States
5%
Other
1%
Australia
4%Canada
3%
![Page 54: EN - Welcome to Archive of European Integration - Archive ...aei.pitt.edu/38944/2/SEC_(2007)_12.pdf · EN EN COMMISSION OF THE ... I K F I S E K Source: Eurostat . EN 11 EN 2.5](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021621/5cf72b1f88c99387248c726b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
EN 54 EN
FRANCE
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Other
2%Renewables
6%
Gas
14%
Solid fuels
5%
Oil
33%
Nuclear
40%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other
ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Nuclear
77%
Oil
1%
Solid fuels
5%
Gas
4%
Renewables (*)
12%
Other
1%
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renew ables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Nuclear
85%
Oil
1%Solid fuels
0%
Gas
1%
Renewables
13%
- 20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Angola
3%
Nigeria
3%Others
9%
Algeria
7%
Iran
8%United
Kingdom
10%
Kazakhstan
7%
Libya
5%
Saudi Arabia
15%
Russian
Federation
15%
Norway
18%
Netherlands
20%
Norway
27%
Russian
Federation
21%
Algeria
12%
Others
20%
Others
12%
Poland
7%
United
States
11%
Russian
Federation
4%
Colombia
15%
South Africa
20%
Australia
31%
![Page 55: EN - Welcome to Archive of European Integration - Archive ...aei.pitt.edu/38944/2/SEC_(2007)_12.pdf · EN EN COMMISSION OF THE ... I K F I S E K Source: Eurostat . EN 11 EN 2.5](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021621/5cf72b1f88c99387248c726b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
EN 55 EN
GERMANY
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Oil
36%
Gas
23%
Nuclear
12%
Renewables
4% Other
0%
Solid fuels
25%
0
50
100
150
200
250
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other
ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Oil
2%
Gas
12%
Nuclear
28%
Renewables (*)
10%
Solid fuels
47%
Other
1%
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renew ables (*) Other INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Oil
3%Gas
11%
Nuclear
32%
Renewables
10%
Solid fuels
44%
Other
0%
- 20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Russian
Federation
33%
Norway
19%
United
Kingdom
12%
Others
9%
Saudi Arabia
4%
Libya
12%
Kazakhstan
7%
Syria
4%
Russian
Federation
45%
Norway
32%
Netherlands
23%
South Africa
28%
Poland
22%
Russian
Federation
17%
China
6%
Australia
12%
Colombia
11%
Others
4%
![Page 56: EN - Welcome to Archive of European Integration - Archive ...aei.pitt.edu/38944/2/SEC_(2007)_12.pdf · EN EN COMMISSION OF THE ... I K F I S E K Source: Eurostat . EN 11 EN 2.5](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021621/5cf72b1f88c99387248c726b/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
EN 56 EN
GREECE
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Oil
57%
Renewables
5%Gas
7%Solid fuels
30%
Other
1%
0
5
10
15
20
25
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Oil
14%
Other
1%
Solid fuels
60%
Gas
15%
Renewables (*)
10%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renew ables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Solid fuels
86%
Renewables
13%
Oil
1%
Gas
0%
0
5
10
15
20
25
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Iran
32%
Saudi Arabia
31%
Russian
Federation
29%
Libya
6%
Other
2%
Russian
Federation
82%
Algeria
18%
Russian
Federation
67%
China
17%
Norway
8%
Indonesia
8%
![Page 57: EN - Welcome to Archive of European Integration - Archive ...aei.pitt.edu/38944/2/SEC_(2007)_12.pdf · EN EN COMMISSION OF THE ... I K F I S E K Source: Eurostat . EN 11 EN 2.5](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021621/5cf72b1f88c99387248c726b/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
EN 57 EN
HUNGARY
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Gas
44%
Nuclear
12%
Renewables
4%
Oil
25%
Other
2%
Solid fuels
13%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Gas
36%
Nuclear
35%
Renewables (*)
3%
Solid fuels
24%
Other
0%
Oil
2%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renew ables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Solid fuels
21%
Oil
16%
Gas
23%
Nuclear
31%
Renewables
9%
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Russian
Federation
98%
Other
2%
Russian
Federation
81%
CIS (except
Russia)
9%
France
4%
Germany
6%
Australia
7%
Czech
Republic
23%
Poland
26%
Russian
Federation
41%
Other
3%
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EN 58 EN
IRELAND
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Oil
59%
Gas
23%
Renewables
2%
Other
1%
Solid fuels
15%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Oil
13%
Gas
51%
Solid fuels
30%
Other
1%
Renewables (*)
5%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renew ables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Gas
36%
Renewables
17%
Solid fuels
47%
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
United
Kingdom
30%
Norway
67%
Libya
3%
United
Kingdom
100%
Colombia
43%
Australia
44%
Poland
10%
Others
3%
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EN 59 EN
ITALY
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Oil
40%
Gas
40%
Renewables
6%
Solid fuels
8%Other
6%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Oil
19%
Renewables (*)
18%
Gas
45%
Other
3% Solid fuels
15%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renew ables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Oil
20%
Gas
38%
Renewables
42%
Other
0%Solid fuels
0%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Egypt
3% Other
8%
Norway
4%
Algeria
5%
Iran
11%
Iraq
4%
Syria
3%
Saudi Arabia
14%
Russian
Federation
23%
Libya
25%
Algeria
39%
Russian
Federation
37%
Libya
1%
Norway
8%
United
Kingdom
2%
Netherlands
13%
South Africa
24%
Indonesia
24%
Australia
12%
Russian
Federation
8%
Colombia
12%
United
States
9%
Others
11%
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EN 60 EN
LATVIA
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Oil
30%
Renewables
36%
Gas
29%
Other
4%
Solid fuels
1%
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
4,5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other
ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Renewables (*)
68%
Oil
1%
Gas
31%
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renewables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Renewables
100%
Solid fuels
0%
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Russian
Federation
100%
Russia
99%
Estonia
1%
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EN 61 EN
LITHUANIA
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Oil
25%
Gas
23%
Nuclear
37%
Renewables
7%
Other
6%
Solid fuels
2%
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
4,5
5,0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Oil
2% Gas
14%
Nuclear
78%
Other
5%Renewables (*)
1%
0
5
10
15
20
25
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renew ables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Renewables
15%
Nuclear
78%
Oil
7%
Other
0%
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Russian
Federation
94%
CIS (except
Russia)
6%
Russian
Federation
100%
Russia
97%
Poland
2%
Ukraine
1%
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EN 62 EN
LUXEMBOURG
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Oil
64%
Gas
26%
Renewables
2%
Other
6%Solid fuels
2%
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
4,50
5,00
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Gas
76%
Other
18%
Renewables (*)
6%
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
4,50
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renewables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Renewables
100%
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
No crude import Member State declares imports of natural gas only as a total non
broken down by country of origin (Eurostat)
South Africa
49%
Belgium
22%
France
13%
Netherlands
11%
Germany
5%
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EN 63 EN
MALTA
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Oil
100%
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Oil
99,96%
Renew ables (*)
0,04%
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renew ables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Renew ables
100%
0%
0%
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
No Crude Import No imports No imports
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EN 64 EN
NETHERLANDS
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Gas
45%
Nuclear
1%
Renewables
3%
Oil
38%
Other
2%Solid fuels
11%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Gas
63%
Solid fuels
23%
Oil
3%
Renewables (*)
7%Nuclear
4%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renew ables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Gas
92%
Renewables
3%Nuclear
1%
Oil
4%
Other
0%
- 30
- 20
- 10
0
10
20
30
40
50
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Others
5%
Algeria
4%
Norway
15%
Saudi Arabia
22%
Kuwait
8%
Iran
4%
Russian
Federation
28%
United
Kingdom
10%
Belgium
4%
Belgium
7%
Germany
41%
United
Kingdom
15%
Norway
37%
South Africa
37%
Colombia
20%
United
States
8%
Others
8%
Australia
6%
Indonesia
8%
Canada
7%
Russian
Federation
6%
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EN 65 EN
POLAND
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Solid fuels
58%
Other
0%
Oil
24%
Renewables
5%
Gas
13%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other
ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Solid fuels
92%
Gas
3%
Renewables (*)
2%
Oil
2%
Other
1%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renewables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Solid fuels
88%
Gas
5%
Renewables
6%
Oil
1%
Other
0%
- 20
- 15
- 10
- 5
0
5
10
15
20
25
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Russian
Federation
96%
Other
4%
Germany
4% Norway
5%
Russian
Federation
63%
CIS (except
Russia)
28%
Czech
Republic
27%
Russian
Federation
63%
CIS
(excluding
Russia)
8%
Colombia
1%Other
1%
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EN 66 EN
PORTUGAL
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Oil
57%
Gas
13%
Renew ables
15%
Other
2%Solid fuels
13%
0
5
10
15
20
25
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Oil
13%Gas
26%
Renew ables (*)
28%
Solid fuels
32%
Other
1%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renew ables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Renewables
100%
Solid fuels
0%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Nigeria
19%
Algeria
16%
Saudi
Arabia
14%
Norway
5%
Russian
Federation
7%
Libya
11%
Brazil
9%
Mexico
6%
Iraq
4%Iran
4%
United
Kingdom
5%
Algeria
63%
Nigeria
37%
Colombia
54%
South Africa
26%
United
States
9%
Australia
2%Norway
6%
Indonesia
3%
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EN 67 EN
ROMANIA
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Gas
35%
Renew ables
12%
Oil
26%
Other
0%
Solid fuels
23% Nuclear
4%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other
ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Renewables (*)
29%
Gas
19%
Nuclear
10%
Solid fuels
37%
Other
1%
Oil
4%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renewables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Gas
37%
Renew ables
16%
Nuclear
5%
Solid fuels
22%
Other
0%
Oil
20%
- 1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Other
9%
Kazakhstan
27%
Ukraine
2%
Russian
Federation
62%
Russian
Federation
100%
Russia
60%
Ukraine
8%
Kazakstan
19%
USA
9%
Other
4%
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EN 68 EN
SLOVAKIA
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Nuclear
24%
Oil
20%
Solid fuels
24%
Other
1%
Gas
29%
Renewables
2%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other
ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Nuclear
56%
Renewables (*)
13%
Gas
9%
Other
1% Solid fuels
19%
Oil
2%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renew ables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Nuclear
76%
Renewables
7%
Gas
2%
Other
0%Solid fuels
14%
Oil
1%
- 1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Russian
Federation
99%
Others
1%
Russian
Federation
100%
Czech
Republic
38%
Poland
23%
United
States
1%
Russian
Federation
28%
CIS (except
Russia)
10%
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EN 69 EN
SLOVENIA
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Oil
36%
Gas
12%
Nuclear
19%
Renew ables
11%
Other
1%
Solid fuels
21%
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Nuclear
35.75%
Renew ables (*)
27.60%
Oil
0.28%
Gas
2.34%
Solid fuels
33.99%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renew ables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Gas
0%Nuclear
41%
Renewables
24%
Oil
0%
Solid fuels
35%
Other
0%
- 1
0
1
1
2
2
3
3
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
No crude imports
Russian
Federation
60%
Algeria
40%
Poland
5%Russia
2% Czech
Republic
1%
Indonesia
82%
Other
10%
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EN 70 EN
SPAIN
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Oil
49%
Gas
18%
Nuclear
12%
Renewables
6%
Other
0%
Solid fuels
15%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Oil
9%
Gas
20%
Nuclear
23%
Renewables (*)
18%
Solid fuels
28%
Other
2%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renew ables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Solid fuels
20%
Oil
1%
Renewables
28%
Nuclear
50%
Gas
1%
Other
0%
- 10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Iran
6%
Other
11%
Iraq
9%
Saudi Arabia
12%
Libya
13%Nigeria
11%
Norway
6%
Mexico
14%
Russian
Federation
16%
Imports from
EU 2%
Norway
8%
Algeria
52%
Libya
2%
Oman
5%
Nigeria
18%
United Arab
Emirates
1%
Qatar
14%
South Africa
43%
Indonesia
14%
Russian
Federation
13%
Colombia
4%
Australia
13%
United
States
8%
Others
5%
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EN 71 EN
SWEDEN
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Gas
2%
Renew ables
26%
Solid fuels
6%
Other
0%
Nuclear
37%
Oil
29%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Renewables (*)
45.69%
Gas
1.03%
Oil
1.29%
Nuclear
51.07%
Solid fuels
0.67%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renew ables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Renewables
41%
Solid fuels
1%
Nuclear
58%
- 2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Iran
8%
Russian
Federation
26%
Norway
27%
Venezuela
4%
Other
0%
United
Kingdom
6%
Denmark
29%
Denmark
100%
Australia
47%
Russian
Federation
14%
United
States
13%
Others
5%
Poland
12%
Latvia
9%
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EN 72 EN
UNITED KINGDOM
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (ENERGY MIX) TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION (Mtoe)
Gas
39%
Renew ables
1%Nuclear
9%
Oil
35%
Other
0%
Solid fuels
16%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Industry Transport Households Commerce & other ELECTRICITY MIX ELECTRICITY GENERATION (TWh)
Gas
40%
Solid fuels
33%
Other
2%
Oil
1%
Nuclear
20%
Renew ables (*)
4%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Solid fuels Oil Gas Nuclear Renew ables (*) Other
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION NET IMPORTS BY FUELS
Oil
43%Gas
39%
Renewables
2%Nuclear
9%
Solid fuels
7%Other
0%
- 15
- 10
- 5
0
5
10
15
20
25
Solid fuels Oil Gas Electricity Renewables
Mtoe
IMPORTS OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IMPORTS OF HARD COAL
Norway
73%
Russian
Federation
14%
Algeria
3%
Venezuela
2%Saudi Arabia
2%
Egypt
2%
Other
4%
Belgium
28%
Norway
72%
South Africa
28%
Russian
Federation
28%
Australia
17%
Others
4%Indonesia
4%
Colombia
10%
United
States
6%
Poland
3%