empower collective action

NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY __ COLLEGE OF DESIGN DEPARTMENT OF GRAPHIC AND INDUSTRIAL DESIGN __ FALL 2011

GD502 GRADUATE STUDIO DESIGN AS CULTURAL ARTIFACT / A CULTURE OF SHARING

PROFESSOR: AMBER HOWARD STUDENT: ALEXANDRIA JARVIS YEAR: FALL 2011 __ THIRD SEMESTER/SECOND YEAR

A COLLECTION & OVERVIEW OF WORK DEVELOPED BY THE 2011 COLLABORATIVE DESIGN TEAMS OF THE NCSU MASTER OF GRAPHIC DESIGN PROGRAM IN THE STUDIO // CULTURE OF SHARING

COMPILED AND PRESENTED BY ALEXANDRIA JARVIS WITH ALL PROJECTS UNDER THE DIRECTION OF AMBER HOWARD

C O NTE XTUAL I Z I N G

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1.OVERVIEW/OBJECTIVES2.FINALPRESENTATION3.DOCUMENTATION4.REFLECTION




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OVERVIEWStudents will use various methods to analyze the current and emerging collaborative con-sumption movement and the ways in which design facilitates and fosters the culture. Anal-ysis should reveal patterns in the motivations, behaviors, and values of participants. Ad-ditionally, patterns across designed systems, tools, and artifacts for sharing should become apparent.


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LEARNING OBJECTIVES• Identify experiential, behavioral, and subject-related patterns within the Culture of

Sharing;• Prioritize complex relationships among social, economic, political, and technological

factors that influence current sharing norms, values, and identities;• Describe the role design plays in the emergence of the Culture of Sharing.

W H O S HAR ES?

Givers Receiversexpert . leader . mentor. creator . provider . mediator .co-creator . participant . user . consumer

expertHead of Family, Doctors, Technicians (x-ray/lab)

creatormusicians, fashion design-ers, trainers, bloggers

responders academic researchers con-ducting studies, host, tutor, emergency responders, field workers

providers nurturer, philanthropists, landlord, acupuncturist, chiropractor, professional sports players, bloggers, protector, social media experts, reviewers

distributors people who spread the idea, supplier, pirates, pharmacists, storytellers, waiters, puppet

mediator coordinator, facilitators, social advocate, gossiper, nurses, papparazzi, open source guru, intern, ref-eree, ambassador

co-creator child, geek, adapter

participant patients, students, enthusi-asts, fans, gamer, political activists

user passengers, renter

consumer leech, audience, attendant, customer, buyer

leader manager, organizer

mentorcoach, teachers, mother/fa-ther, educator, counselors

W HAT D O PE O PLE S HAR E?

Experiences Services Products

intangible experiencesbeliefs, emotional, mental, spiritual, interests, time, energy

physical experiencestraveling, hobbies, sports events

relational experienceslearning, social, events, fashion, matches, competitions

digitalcomputerized data, bandwidth, music, ipod, torrents

physical/manmadebooks, food, novelties, cars, clothes, furniture, instruments, money/currency

natural resourceswater, fuel, and other raw materials

assistancepersonalized assistance, accommo-dations, rehab treatment, consultant, advice, hospitality

skills/refined serviceslaundry, surgery, prescription, beauty, leasing, health, international cuisine

group related servicesvolunteering services, funeral, church, mass, swapping, co-op

H O W D O PE O PLE S HAR E?

Communication Collaboration Boundaries

jargon/language community specific jargon, such as: genre affiliation, id tag, outre, stiffs, RPG first shooter, organic, kin, diver-sicrat, co-pay

visual representation adornments of the body: hairstyle, bindi, tattoos, henna; things you wear: clothing, uniforms, scrubs, icons, brands, objects you own: icons, keychains, bumper stickers

broadcasting/rallyinginvitation, debating, inquiring, lobby-ing, promoting, picketing, protesting, runway fashion shows, advertise-ments/ad campaigns

roles understood or expected boundaries (for examples of roles see “who shares” section)

agreementsdocumented boundaries: terms of use, contract, lease, tickets rules, diploma

platforms /forumsteaching, training, disciplining, transforming, accountability, forum discussions

membership pyramid schemers, aquire or retain new followers (adaptation of ritual, commitment to ritual, ceremony, behave within, ethical code)

variety

entertainment

excitement

identity pride monetary gain approval gain knowledge

gain understanding freedomchallenge

approval belonging common good social interaction goodwill altruiism friendship camaraderie common interests

sustainability safety avoid competition balance power gain power pooled resources access

W HY D O PE O PLE S HAR E?

Survival Community Self interest Pleasure

network

motivation

self expression

gratification

convenience

< GUIDE >

QUESTION RELATED TO SHARINGMain Categories related to of Sharing CommunitiesCharacteristics of Sharing Communities, Behaviors, and MembersExamples of featured characteristics and categories


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D E M O G RAPH I CIncreaseinwomen’sequalityincludingwomengainingaccesstojobs,autonomy,andempowermentthroughaccesstoinformationLEVERAGEPOINTS:information flows, critical nodes

DESIGNSROLE:Creating levels of access to Information, facilitating behaviors of empowerment, defining roles, organizing events for rallying or support, conceptualize interactive online platforms, create communication channels between activists and women, increase visibility of female value in the workplace

TE C H N O LO GYAnewdemandtoaccessfeedbackLEVERAGEPOINTS:feedback loops, reduce delays

DESIGNSROLE:Develop evaluation system, measure/capture/store data, review feedback, predetermine functions, prototype new systems, create new tools, refine

S O C IALIncreaseinattention,awarenessandadvocacyof UniversalAccess,causinganincreaseandvariationof programsandfacilitiesforthedisabledLEVERAGEPOINTS:information flows, critical nodes

DESIGN’SROLE:Utilize Principles of Universal Access, Create tools to improve communication between community members

E N V I R O N M E NTALGreater“carbonfootprint”creatingunhealthyecosystemsandover-stressedmanmadeinfrastructures(iedeforestation,climatechanges,irrigation,cleanwateraccess,fossilfuelpollution,roadnetworks,populationdensity,electricalgrids)LEVERAGEPOINTS:redesign the structure, stocks relative to flows, feedback loops/reduce delays

DESIGN’SROLE:Prototyping self-motivating feedback loops, facilitating “green conscious” behaviors, create levels of access to local products, define roles in the “eco friendly movement,” visualize relation-ships of urban and natural systems, promotion through enviro-education, systematize platforms for experts and co-creators to share info

E C O N O M I C / E N V I R O N M E NTALIncreasedinterestinhighperformance,costeffective,environmentallyfriendlyproductsLEVERAGEPOINTS: amounts and quantities, stocks relative to flows

DESIGN’SROLE:prototype new eco-friendly products determine avenues of ef-ficiency developing methods for access facilitate designs through ease of use strategize ways to reduce waste create a language to talk “green”

G E O G RAPH I C / E C O N O M I CIncreasedglobalizationandmigrationcreatingissuesregardinglossof languages,shiftingborders,barriers,migrantworkerabuse,trade,travel,socialprotection,disruptionof laborandamovetowardsurbanizationLEVERAGEPOINTS:critical nodes, self organizing, amounts/quantities, stocks rela-tive to flows

DESIGNSROLE:Design which preserves, Design which archives, Design for a group to spur tradition, Design which facilitates fairness, migration/trade/production processes or experiences ex. shared technologies, open trade environment, reduced poverty in other countries

PO L I T I CALIncreasingemphasisonprevention,awareness,education,andcreatingcrossdisciplinaryteamsforresearchandmedicalaidLEVERAGEPOINTS:feedback loops, reduce delays

DESIGNSROLE:

Facilitating awareness/prevention, visualize information for education, restructure organizations to support cross disciplin-ary teams (info graphics, database, interface design)

PO L I T I CALPoliticalpartiesareincreasinglydivisiveandpolarized,makinglegislation(especiallysocialwelfareissues)moredifficulttopass.LEVERAGEPOINTS:changing rules of the system, paradigm shift

DESIGN’SROLE:Address the roles in political parties, Reengineer the infor-mation, Strategize for unification, Interpret how people give meaning to party identification, Envision a central social media outlet, forums to express opinions

S O C IALAnincreaseinattentiononearlychildhoodeducationLEVERAGEPOINT:Information flows

DESIGN’SROLE:Provide access to early education, Develop various ways to assist education ex. books and toys, Make results of findings clear through information visualization in order to promote educa-tion.

< GUIDE >

TR E N D TYPE TrendDescriptionINFLUENTIALLEVERAGEPOINTSFORSYSTEMDESIGNDESIGNSROLEINSHAPINGTHISTREND

< GUIDE >

TR E N D TYPE TrendDescriptionINFLUENCIALLEVERAGEPOINTSFORSYSTEMDESIGNDESIGNSROLEINSHAPINGTHISTREND


FUTU R E CAST I N G

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+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Who is involved in sharing?Givers <- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > Receiversexpert // leader // mentor // creator // responder // provider // distributors // mediator // co-creator // participant // user // consumer // customer

experts // Head of Family, Doctors, Technicians (x-ray/lab)leader // manager, organizermentor // coacher, teachers, mother/father, educator, counselorscreator // musicians, fashion designers, trainers, bloggersresponders // academic researchers conducting studies, host, tutor, emergency responders, field workersproviders // nurturer, philanthropists, landlord, acupuncturist, chiropractor, professional sports players, bloggers, protector, social media experts, reviewersdistributors // people who spread the idea, supplier, pirates, pharmacists, storytellers, waiters, puppetmediator // coordinator, facilitators, social advocate, gossiper, nurses, papparazzi, open source guru, intern, referee, ambassadorco-creator // child, geek, adapterparticipant // patients, students, enthusiasts, fans, gamer, political activistsuser // passengers, renterconsumer // leech, audience, attendant, customer, buyer

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + What do people share? - - - - - - - - - - - - EXPERIENCES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SERVICES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PRODUCTS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -beliefs // interests // events // knowledge // assistance // skill set // space // personalized service // advice // digital // physical // manmade // natural

EXPERIENCESbeliefs, emotional, mental, spiritual, interests, traveling, hobbies, physical, learning, social, events, fashion, matches, competitions, church, time, energy SERVICESknowledge, church, laundry, dinner, mass, rehab treatment, international cuisine, funeral, consultant, surgery, prescription, premium services, volunteering services, platform, hospitality, beauty, leasing, co-op, assistance, skill set, space, personalized assistance, advice, accommodations, health, swapping

PRODUCTSdigital, information, bandwidth, consoles, music, ipod, torrents, physical, books, food, gifts, novelties, cars, recipes, clothes, furniture, manmade, instruments, natural resources, water, fuel, raw materials, money,

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Why do people share?Pleasure - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Self interest - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Community - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Survival - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - variety // convenience // gratification // self expression // pride // network // freedom // belonging // common good // safety // sustainability // access // balance power

Pleasure // variety, convenience, gratification, entertainment, excitementSelf Interest // competition, self expression, identity, intrinsic motivations, pride, monetary gain, network, anonymity, freedom, approval, motivation, gain knowledge, gain understanding, challengeCommunity // approval, belonging, common good, social interaction, goodwill, altruism, friendship, motivation, camaraderie, common interestsSurvival // sustainability, safety, avoid competition, balance power, gain power, pooled resource, access

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + How do people share? *****(these categories are not that good and might not make sense, just try your best and work with them)Communication - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Collaboration & Reciprocity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Establishing Boundaries- - - - - - - - - - - jargon/language // visual representation // broadcasting // influence/commitment // invitation // rallying// incentive // platforms // accountability // roles // agreements // contracts

Communicationjargon/language // genre affiliation, id tag, outre, stiffs, RPG first shooter, organic, kin, diversicrat, co-payvisual representation // icons, clothing, brands, adornments on the body, objects you own, uniforms, scrubs, hairstyle, bindi, tattoos, hennacommitment // gaining followers, pyramid schemers, to aquire or retain new followers, adaptation of ritual, commitment to ritual, ceremony, behave within ethical codebroadcasting // invitation, debating, inquiring, lobbying, promoting, picketing, protesting, runway fashion shows, advertisements/ad campaigns, LAN parties, family parties, adopt a child

Collaboration & Reciprocityincentives, rallying, teaching, training, disciplining, transforming, platforms, forums, accountability, forum discussions

Establishing Boundariesroles (see “Who shares” section), agreements: degree, documented agreements, lease, metrocard, tickets, Doctor-Patient relationship, rules, diploma, terms of use, contract, rent


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+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +SHARING COMMUNITIES: WHO WHAT HOW & WHY PEOPLE SHARE

Examples of Sharing Communities/ ActivitiesReligion, Music, Comedy, Poetry, Opinions, Space/Land Share, Neighbors, Transportation, Families, Eco-Movement, Vegetarian, Health services, Sports Activities, Clothing, Volunteering, Money, Researchers, Educators, Politics, Restaurants, Traditions

Brainstorming/AffinityDiagramming

RawCategorizations/CharacteristicsfromBrainstorm

macro factors example possible trend/ relation to sharing

death

birth, fertility

health

disease

public health programs (vaccinations, water supply)

aging (retirement age, work force)

gender

marital status (divorce, marriage)

migration

citizenship, immigration

relocation (nomadic communities, refugees, diaspora)

borders

urban sprawl, suburbia

population

OTHER RESOURCES

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/lcod.htm stats- death. child mortality:Nearly 9 million children under the age of five die every year, according to 2007 figures.Around 70% of these early child deaths are due to conditions that could be prevented or treated with access to simple, affordable interventions.

Millennium Development Goals adopted by the United Nations in 2000 aim to decrease child and maternal deaths worldwide by 2015.Child mortality is also closely linked to MDG 5 to improve maternal health.http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs178/en/index.html

response: Since more than one third of all child deaths occur within the first month of life, providing skilled care to mothers during pregnancy, as well as during and after birth, greatly contributes to child survival. Member Countries have set targets and developed specific strategies to reduce child mortality and monitor progress. http://www.countdown2015mnch.org/

suicide rate: happiest places also have highest suicide rateshttp://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/04/22/happiest-places-post-highest-suicide-rates/

In the United States, drug poisonings are the second leading cause of injury death after motor-vehicle crashes

Violence causes more than 1.6 million deaths worldwide every year.1 More than 90% of these occur in low- and middle-income countries.1 Violence is one of the leading causes of death in all parts of the world for persons ages 15 to 44.1

Almost half the countries in the world do not have any formal systems to gather information on fatal injuries.

CDC, the World Health Organization, and other partners saw the need for systematic data on injury—especially in low/middle-income countries, where 90 percent of injury-related deaths occur

suicide rates increasing

INfo on suicide- http://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/pdf/Suicide_DataSheet-a.pdf

http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/index.html

1 In the last 45 years suicide rates have increased by 60% worldwide. Suicide is among the three leading causes of death among those aged 15-44 years in some countries, and the second leading cause of death in the 10-24 years age group; these figures do not include suicide attempts which are up to 20 times more frequent than completed suicide.

2 Suicide worldwide is estimated to represent 1.8% of the total global burden of disease in 1998, and 2.4% in countries with market and former socialist economies in 2020.

3 Although traditionally suicide rates have been highest among the male elderly, rates among young people have been increasing to such an extent that they are now the group at highest risk in a third of countries, in both developed and developing countries.

4 Mental disorders (particularly depression and alcohol use disorders) are a major risk factor for suicide in Europe and North America; however, in Asian countries impulsiveness plays an important role. Suicide is complex with psychological, social, biological, cultural and environmental factors involved.

studies have found that people react differently to low income or unemployment depending on how common it is in their community. trend related to sharing: ppl that share economic hardship, deal with it better (suicide rate linked to happiest places)

CDC assisted several countries in Africa, Eastern Europe, and Latin America in developing hospital-based injury surveillance systems to gather information on injuries. These systems help officials figure out how to best prevent injuries.

trend: need to train other professionals in order

to gather data and provide support to take

preventative measures to decrease negative

health factors

trand: need to gather data on less industrialized

low income areas

global total fertility rate is declining,

especially in industrialized countries such as western europe. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.htmlA rate of two children per woman is considered the replacement rate for a population. Higher rates may also indicate difficulties for families, in some situations, to feed and educate their children and for women to enter the labor force.Global fertility rates are in general decline and this trend is most pronounced in industrialized countries, especially Western Europe, where populations are projected to decline dramatically over the next 50 years

major gap between places where global fertility rate

is high vs low, a push to industrialize cities?

increased support and fundraising and public awareness of health problems: lukiemia greatly decreased, (brandi) autism understood by more- put more emphasis to understand// support groups established

Autism: Autism Speaks aims to bring the autism community together as one strong voice to urge the government and private sector to listen to our concerns and take action to address this urgent global health crisis. It is our firm belief that, working together, we will find the missing pieces of the puzzle.also autism genome project

need for understanding mental health resources

When LLS was founded in 1949, a blood cancer diagnosis was almost always fatal. Thanks in part to innovative research funded by LLS, survival rates have doubled, tripled and even quadrupled for blood cancer patients.

fundraising by support groups creates awareness

and propels research and gathers more people

for cause

“The new biomedical interventions hold greatest promise when introduced as part of combination prevention interventions-which also include behavioral and structural components-that are designed for specific contexts and populations.”“Our task now is to build bridges between the social sciences, public health, and biomedicine.”

need for cross disciplinary collaboration in order

to implement biomedical advances

http://www.globalhealth.org/infectious_diseases/ http://www.globalhealthmagazine.com/

http://www.mcw.edu/phdpch/About/TrendsinPublicHealthResearch.htm While social indicators have long been identified as having an impact on health, an emerging concept is that “cumulative stresses from various sources-social class, income, employment, housing, home environment-operating measurably through common physiologic pathways affect vulnerability to disease” (McGinnis, 2006).

Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

Achieve Universal Primary Education

Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women

Reduce Child Mortality

Improve Maternal Health

Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other Diseases

Ensure Environmental Sustainability

Develop a Global Partnership for Development

focus on prevention which encompasses

emphasis on awareness and educationAs part of the effort to improve health, there is increasing emphasis on prevention.-- will require lifestyle changes that are relatively inexpensive-- additional research will be needed on how people live and the lifestyles they embrace

longer lifespan, later retirement, age gaps- difference in technological literacy in workplace, how will this look when digital natives grow up?http://www.forbes.com/2005/08/10/cx_sr_generationslide_4.html?thisSpeed=6000?forwardName=cx_sr_generationslide

overall development results in better gender equalityhttp://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&theSitePK=469372&piPK=64165421&menuPK=64166093&entityID=000334955_20101103062028

large literacy gap bw men and women in low familiesdeveloping countries could use leap frogging off of advancements developed countries have made to spped up the process in which gender equality is reachedbecause developing countries are not constrained by many of the barriers to gender equality encountered by developed countries years ago, they may face lower costs to innovate in their efforts to promote gender equality. Advances in information and communication technology have opened up new spaces for women both socially and economically, in ways that are able to accommodate existing social norms and values.

The impact of personal computers, the internet and all other changes related to this revolution extends well beyond the economic sphere, touching and changing people’s lives in a million different ways. Information is shared more frequently and faster than ever before between and within regions and countries around the world. With information comes knowledge about other people and places, making it harder to maintain cultural isolationism

as new economic opportunities open up in areas traditionally dominated by men, sectors predominantly served by women (such as education and health) may experience both a shortage of labor and increasing wage costs as women exit the sector and/or are able to command higher wages. Such a trend could have important implications for basic service delivery (where services are provided by female nurses and teachers) in the absence of substantial changes in the way in which these services are provided

when choices are made or behaviors adopted by a sufficiently large number of individuals, social norms can shift, reflecting the effects of fewer information asymmetries. Learning is typically slow at first but intensifies as a critical mass is reached, as has been documented for labor market and political participation. Men and women develop “adaptive preferences,” adjusting needs and preferences to possibilities and stereotypes (Sen (1990); Sen (1995); Kabeer (1996); Nussbaum (2000)

According to available survey data, married women are most likely to make decisions (alone or together with their partners) if they earn an income or have higher educational levels (Figure 6.1). They are also less likely to conform to traditional gender roles with regards to working within the home as opposed to participating in the labor market. And, the more education a woman has, she is less likely to agree that wife beating is justified for any reason and more likely to think that she has the right to refuse sex with her husband (Vadnais, Kols, and Abderrahim (2006))

increased information flows can change social

normsin cases such as gender equality developing countries globalization might cause a quicker advancement through leapfrogging, because the developing country learns from the developed countries advancements

globalized economy creates opportunities and

challenges

increase of women into previously male

dominated fields creates decrease in female

dominated fields

changes in an individual’s agency can bring about

broader societal change

Control over resources—physical, human and

financial—also impacts on women’s ability to

take

action despite unfavorable social norms or formal

institutions. ie: ownership of assets, changes in almony laws in brazil increased womens equality

hao will cover this hao will cover this

The introduction of the H-1B visas in the United States and ‘green cards’ in Germany are recent examples of destination countries opening the door to increasing numbers of skilled non-permanent immigrants. The introduction of the H-1B visas in the United States and ‘green cards’ in Germany are recent examples of destination countries opening the door to increasing numbers of skilled non-permanent immigrants.

issues of social protection related to migration: members of poor households may migrate in response to low incomes, food insecurity or external shocks in order to protect the household. However, in addition, migration may also create new social protection needs for those who migrate and for those who are left behind.

increased globalization causes shift in global demand for labour, causing members of poorer economies to migrate to take advantage of opportunities

increase in skilled non-permanent immagrants

http://www.migrationinformation.org/datahub/countrydata.cfm?ID=482

social protection as a way to decrease world poverty

by half, http://www.migrationdrc.org/research/

keythemes/social_protection.html

away from the traditional safety-nets agenda of the late 1980s and early 1990s that focused primarily on social

assistance and welfare programmes, to include

preventive and promotive intiatives that constitute ‘springboards’ out of poverty and into productive livelihoods.

increased focus on fuel economy: HOV, carpooling,

hybrid cars, development of labels

unescoacla- civil liberties


FUTU R E CAST I N G

TH E O R I Z I N G




macro factors example possible trend/ relation to sharing

death

birth, fertility

health

disease

public health programs (vaccinations, water supply)

aging (retirement age, work force)

gender

marital status (divorce, marriage)

migration

citizenship, immigration

relocation (nomadic communities, refugees, diaspora)

borders

urban sprawl, suburbia

population

OTHER RESOURCES

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/lcod.htm stats- death. child mortality:Nearly 9 million children under the age of five die every year, according to 2007 figures.Around 70% of these early child deaths are due to conditions that could be prevented or treated with access to simple, affordable interventions.

Millennium Development Goals adopted by the United Nations in 2000 aim to decrease child and maternal deaths worldwide by 2015.Child mortality is also closely linked to MDG 5 to improve maternal health.http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs178/en/index.html

response: Since more than one third of all child deaths occur within the first month of life, providing skilled care to mothers during pregnancy, as well as during and after birth, greatly contributes to child survival. Member Countries have set targets and developed specific strategies to reduce child mortality and monitor progress. http://www.countdown2015mnch.org/

suicide rate: happiest places also have highest suicide rateshttp://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/04/22/happiest-places-post-highest-suicide-rates/

In the United States, drug poisonings are the second leading cause of injury death after motor-vehicle crashes

Violence causes more than 1.6 million deaths worldwide every year.1 More than 90% of these occur in low- and middle-income countries.1 Violence is one of the leading causes of death in all parts of the world for persons ages 15 to 44.1

Almost half the countries in the world do not have any formal systems to gather information on fatal injuries.

CDC, the World Health Organization, and other partners saw the need for systematic data on injury—especially in low/middle-income countries, where 90 percent of injury-related deaths occur

suicide rates increasing

INfo on suicide- http://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/pdf/Suicide_DataSheet-a.pdf

http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/index.html

1 In the last 45 years suicide rates have increased by 60% worldwide. Suicide is among the three leading causes of death among those aged 15-44 years in some countries, and the second leading cause of death in the 10-24 years age group; these figures do not include suicide attempts which are up to 20 times more frequent than completed suicide.

2 Suicide worldwide is estimated to represent 1.8% of the total global burden of disease in 1998, and 2.4% in countries with market and former socialist economies in 2020.

3 Although traditionally suicide rates have been highest among the male elderly, rates among young people have been increasing to such an extent that they are now the group at highest risk in a third of countries, in both developed and developing countries.

4 Mental disorders (particularly depression and alcohol use disorders) are a major risk factor for suicide in Europe and North America; however, in Asian countries impulsiveness plays an important role. Suicide is complex with psychological, social, biological, cultural and environmental factors involved.

studies have found that people react differently to low income or unemployment depending on how common it is in their community. trend related to sharing: ppl that share economic hardship, deal with it better (suicide rate linked to happiest places)

CDC assisted several countries in Africa, Eastern Europe, and Latin America in developing hospital-based injury surveillance systems to gather information on injuries. These systems help officials figure out how to best prevent injuries.

trend: need to train other professionals in order

to gather data and provide support to take

preventative measures to decrease negative

health factors

trand: need to gather data on less industrialized

low income areas

global total fertility rate is declining,

especially in industrialized countries such as western europe. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.htmlA rate of two children per woman is considered the replacement rate for a population. Higher rates may also indicate difficulties for families, in some situations, to feed and educate their children and for women to enter the labor force.Global fertility rates are in general decline and this trend is most pronounced in industrialized countries, especially Western Europe, where populations are projected to decline dramatically over the next 50 years

major gap between places where global fertility rate

is high vs low, a push to industrialize cities?

increased support and fundraising and public awareness of health problems: lukiemia greatly decreased, (brandi) autism understood by more- put more emphasis to understand// support groups established

Autism: Autism Speaks aims to bring the autism community together as one strong voice to urge the government and private sector to listen to our concerns and take action to address this urgent global health crisis. It is our firm belief that, working together, we will find the missing pieces of the puzzle.also autism genome project

need for understanding mental health resources

When LLS was founded in 1949, a blood cancer diagnosis was almost always fatal. Thanks in part to innovative research funded by LLS, survival rates have doubled, tripled and even quadrupled for blood cancer patients.

fundraising by support groups creates awareness

and propels research and gathers more people

for cause

“The new biomedical interventions hold greatest promise when introduced as part of combination prevention interventions-which also include behavioral and structural components-that are designed for specific contexts and populations.”“Our task now is to build bridges between the social sciences, public health, and biomedicine.”

need for cross disciplinary collaboration in order

to implement biomedical advances

http://www.globalhealth.org/infectious_diseases/ http://www.globalhealthmagazine.com/

http://www.mcw.edu/phdpch/About/TrendsinPublicHealthResearch.htm While social indicators have long been identified as having an impact on health, an emerging concept is that “cumulative stresses from various sources-social class, income, employment, housing, home environment-operating measurably through common physiologic pathways affect vulnerability to disease” (McGinnis, 2006).

Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

Achieve Universal Primary Education

Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women

Reduce Child Mortality

Improve Maternal Health

Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other Diseases

Ensure Environmental Sustainability

Develop a Global Partnership for Development

focus on prevention which encompasses

emphasis on awareness and educationAs part of the effort to improve health, there is increasing emphasis on prevention.-- will require lifestyle changes that are relatively inexpensive-- additional research will be needed on how people live and the lifestyles they embrace

longer lifespan, later retirement, age gaps- difference in technological literacy in workplace, how will this look when digital natives grow up?http://www.forbes.com/2005/08/10/cx_sr_generationslide_4.html?thisSpeed=6000?forwardName=cx_sr_generationslide

overall development results in better gender equalityhttp://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&theSitePK=469372&piPK=64165421&menuPK=64166093&entityID=000334955_20101103062028

large literacy gap bw men and women in low familiesdeveloping countries could use leap frogging off of advancements developed countries have made to spped up the process in which gender equality is reachedbecause developing countries are not constrained by many of the barriers to gender equality encountered by developed countries years ago, they may face lower costs to innovate in their efforts to promote gender equality. Advances in information and communication technology have opened up new spaces for women both socially and economically, in ways that are able to accommodate existing social norms and values.

The impact of personal computers, the internet and all other changes related to this revolution extends well beyond the economic sphere, touching and changing people’s lives in a million different ways. Information is shared more frequently and faster than ever before between and within regions and countries around the world. With information comes knowledge about other people and places, making it harder to maintain cultural isolationism

as new economic opportunities open up in areas traditionally dominated by men, sectors predominantly served by women (such as education and health) may experience both a shortage of labor and increasing wage costs as women exit the sector and/or are able to command higher wages. Such a trend could have important implications for basic service delivery (where services are provided by female nurses and teachers) in the absence of substantial changes in the way in which these services are provided

when choices are made or behaviors adopted by a sufficiently large number of individuals, social norms can shift, reflecting the effects of fewer information asymmetries. Learning is typically slow at first but intensifies as a critical mass is reached, as has been documented for labor market and political participation. Men and women develop “adaptive preferences,” adjusting needs and preferences to possibilities and stereotypes (Sen (1990); Sen (1995); Kabeer (1996); Nussbaum (2000)

According to available survey data, married women are most likely to make decisions (alone or together with their partners) if they earn an income or have higher educational levels (Figure 6.1). They are also less likely to conform to traditional gender roles with regards to working within the home as opposed to participating in the labor market. And, the more education a woman has, she is less likely to agree that wife beating is justified for any reason and more likely to think that she has the right to refuse sex with her husband (Vadnais, Kols, and Abderrahim (2006))

increased information flows can change social

normsin cases such as gender equality developing countries globalization might cause a quicker advancement through leapfrogging, because the developing country learns from the developed countries advancements

globalized economy creates opportunities and

challenges

increase of women into previously male

dominated fields creates decrease in female

dominated fields

changes in an individual’s agency can bring about

broader societal change

Control over resources—physical, human and

financial—also impacts on women’s ability to

take

action despite unfavorable social norms or formal

institutions. ie: ownership of assets, changes in almony laws in brazil increased womens equality

hao will cover this hao will cover this

The introduction of the H-1B visas in the United States and ‘green cards’ in Germany are recent examples of destination countries opening the door to increasing numbers of skilled non-permanent immigrants. The introduction of the H-1B visas in the United States and ‘green cards’ in Germany are recent examples of destination countries opening the door to increasing numbers of skilled non-permanent immigrants.

issues of social protection related to migration: members of poor households may migrate in response to low incomes, food insecurity or external shocks in order to protect the household. However, in addition, migration may also create new social protection needs for those who migrate and for those who are left behind.

increased globalization causes shift in global demand for labour, causing members of poorer economies to migrate to take advantage of opportunities

increase in skilled non-permanent immagrants

http://www.migrationinformation.org/datahub/countrydata.cfm?ID=482

social protection as a way to decrease world poverty

by half, http://www.migrationdrc.org/research/

keythemes/social_protection.html

away from the traditional safety-nets agenda of the late 1980s and early 1990s that focused primarily on social

assistance and welfare programmes, to include

preventive and promotive intiatives that constitute ‘springboards’ out of poverty and into productive livelihoods.

increased focus on fuel economy: HOV, carpooling,

hybrid cars, development of labels

unescoacla- civil liberties

DESIGN

SHARING

TREND

WHO: experts: doctors, researchers, health organizations, policy makers // providers: field workers, medical respond-ers, health providers, educator // users: patients // par-ticipants: activists, unions, rights organizations, non-profits

WHAT: Experiences: personal stories (awareness), personal information (for research), events (for fundraising), forums (to discuss research) // Services: access to public health services, health programs, workshops, databases (to share research or collaborate), free medical services, knowledge and advice from others in the community // Products: medi-cine, findings, medical equipment, documented processes, educational documents, kits

WHY: Survival: access, safety, common good, freedom

HOW: Communication: Broadcasting (awareness, fundrais-ing, programs, campaigns, health initiatives, health insti-tutes) // Collaboration: forum discussions, databases,

Design which facilitates awareness or prevention Design which visualizes information for educationDesign which restructures organizations to support cross disciplinary teams

Information Graphics, database and interface design which create repository, collaborative platform or sup-port system for researchers or medical professionals, designed personalized systems which provide health prevention techniques, designed documents which help field workers carry out a prevention program

Redesign the structure: instead of focusing on treat-ment- start earlier with prevention and awareness (A leverage point that is needed: feedback loops/reduce delays: to gather health information in impoverished areas

Public Health: Increasing emphasis on preven-tion, awareness, education and creating cross-disciplinary teams for research and medical aid

DEMOGRAPHIC: PUBLIC HEALTH

facilitesvisualizes prototypingiteratingcollaboratinginnovatingdialogueresturcturesempowersorganizes

experts // leaders // mentors // creator // responder // provider // distributors// mediator // co-creator // participant// user // consumer // customer

experts // leaders // mentors // creator // responder // provider // distributors// mediator // co-creator // participant// user // consumer // customer

EXPERIENCESbeliefs, emotional, mental, spiritual, interests, traveling, hobbies, physical, learning, social, events, fashion, matches, competitions, church, time, energy SERVICESknowledge, church, laundry, dinner, mass, rehab treatment, international cuisine, funeral, consultant, surgery, prescription, premium services, volunteering services, platform, hospitality, beauty, leasing, co-op, assistance, skill set, space, personalized assistance, advice, accommodations, health, swapping

PRODUCTSdigital, information, bandwidth, consoles, music, ipod, torrents, physical, books, food, gifts, novelties, cars, recipes, clothes, furniture, manmade, instruments, natural resources, water, fuel, raw materials, money,

Pleasure // variety, convenience, gratification, entertainment, excitementSelf Interest // competition, self expression, identity, intrinsic motivations pride, monetary gain, network, freedom, approval, motivation, gain knowledge, gain understanding, challengeCommunity // approval, belonging, common good, social interaction, goodwill, altruism, friendship, motivation, camaraderie, common interestsSurvival // sustainability, safety, avoid competition, balance power, gain power, pooled resource, access

communication jargon/language // visual representation// broadcasting // influence//commitment // invitation // rallying// incentives // a platform// accountability // roles // agreements // contracts//boundaries//

between withfor

viain order to create

anddesign which

InitialTrendResearch

Explorationof theroleof designthroughanongoingsentence

IndividualMoleculewithTrendandrelationtoSharing&Design

FailedMoleculeDiagram


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PersonalExploration

ThisisamapImadetounderstandtherelationshipbetweenthetrendof increasingeaseof informationexchange/sharing,it’srelationshiptosocietaldevelopment,andtheinfluenceof designinthistrend.Imadethismapoutof responseof adebateIwashavingwithmygroupmatesregardingtheiroveremphasisontheroleof designininfluencingsocietal/globaltrends.Theskillsandcontributionsof thedesignerareimportant,butareonlyonesmallpeiceof theoverallpictureof trenddevelopment.


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Strengthsof ProcessorGroupLots of ideas were generated during the initial brainstorming session to understand characteristics and components of a sharing community. This was a major strength of our group because it contributed to an overall understanding of what we meant when we were discussing “shar-ing communities.”

Limitationsof ProcessorGroupThere was some nice aggregation of information during our trend research, however this information was not captured or presented in a digestible way. As a group, we never fully connected the trend research to the affect on designing for sharing communities.

InformationforFutureEndevoursThis phase gave me a taste of a process I had never participated in: trend research. This process showed me the purpose of getting a broad overview of something. It also showed the exhaustive nature of research, and how one must design stopping points within data gathering. I mediated this by mapping out my areas of research and swiftly moving through excel sheets in order to not become to bogged down or lost within one set of data. I also learned that this information search got better as time went along and I became more adept in locating good sources. Work smart and work fast.

OverallReflectionThis phase was difficult to get through because a lack of structure within the group. The group problems led to an inability to organize the mass of information we collected. However, it provided me with valuable lessons on how to facilitate a conversation with group members in order to negotiate criteria for group work. Some strategies to facilitate group work which I articulated in a weekly report after this phase are included below.

CREATEATASKLISTBY...• Considering External Requirements- Outlining deliverables/requirements- what do must I produce, who do I have to present it to, and

when does it need to be accomplished.• Considering Personal Requirements- If there are no requirements… then I want to create some• Clumping- Identifying clumps of work that need to be accomplished to get somewhere- aka editing, authoring, creating, visualizing, writ-

ing, gathering, etc• Utilizing Past Experience & Imagination- What I have done before, What I could imagine doing,• Utilizing Tools- What tools are available to me to accomplish tasks

TOORGANIZEALOTOFINFORMATIONCONSIDER...• Precedence: there might be classifications, genres, taxonomies that already exist which could help inform• Purpose- What is the purpose of the categorization? what are you trying to accomplish? what factors are associated with that• General vs specific- How can they be general enough to be flexible for detail, but specific enough that they don’t become ambiguous to

the content- unless ambiguity is what you are wanting, which goes back to the first point

BEARTICULATEINGROUPDISCUSSION...First I think to articulate something you have to be focused in what you are trying to communicate. Often I try to think about too many things at one time. Presenting one thing at a time or a few things at a time can be helpful. You can only hold so much in your working memory. Secondly, I have to understand who I am talking with (audience?). This is maybe where prior or further conversation comes in- or questions. Another thing I think is important is to separate anecdotal stories and detail apart from general comments. If I am able to speak in generalizations or summary‘s of my thought and then give detail or anecdotal stories I think it creates multiple entry points for people. Also if my end goal is to understand complex information- distilling detail into smaller summarized parts or phrases it can allow for a larger overview of all the information.

NEGOTIATETASKSANDCATEGORIESOFINFORMATIONWITHGROUPMEMBERSTHROUGH...• Documentation- writing things down, using a written list allows others to respond to it, allows for manipulation (crossing things out, giv-

ing things hierarchy)• Time/space- having a time which is designated as negotiation, opening the floor for conversation• Clarifying options- defining possible choices to the entire group• Creating criteria for moving forward- deciding a method for decision once negotiation is complete


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OVERVIEWBased on the context assessment, students will identify new opportunities for Sharing (in-cluding the groups of people and contexts the sharing movement could impact). Targeted readings will encourage students to consider larger global issues of which designed systems could address—i.e. prevent conflict before it begins.

Scenarios will be used to illustrate the proposed opportunities. Each scenario will offer a speculative snap shot of the selected and/or proposed culture, emphasizing the ways in which it is encouraged and reinforced by design conditions.

Amassed as a series, the scenarios will suggest ways in which the cultural system may evolve five and ten years into the future—a futurecast case study of the culture of sharing.Scenarios will be supported by rapid prototypes, which offer a proof of concept for the design conditions students propose. Both ideal and disastrous situations will be explored and compared.


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LEARNING OBJECTIVES• Envision a design opportunity for fostering new sharing behaviors between two or more

diverse groups;• Outline the mission, goals, and strategy for the proposed design opportunity;• Illustrate ways in which the designed conditions influence sharing norms, values, and

identities;• Demonstrate via a series of futurecast scenarios the ways in which the experience of

sharing may develop within the community over the course of ten years;• Justify the conditions, factors, and relationships articulated in the futurecast scenarios;• Develop a team-oriented workflow that promotes collaboration and equal participation.


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GOALS

MEMBERS

ACTIONS

SHARABLESGOALSIncrease Awareness of the Value of InfrastructureRethink InfrastructureMake Best Use of ResourcesCreate Environmental EqualityImprove Overall Quality of LifeIncrease Transparency Create Network to Improve InfrastructureSpur Civic EngagementMake Infrastructure Repair Effi cientBuild Community/Reduce Isolationism

PEOPLEPlumbers Construction WorkersContractorsIT PeopleElectriciansDemolition CompaniesEngineersTelecommunications CompaniesProgrammers

SuppliersDistributors

Tax PayersTax CollectorsLawyersInspectors (Saftey/Health)Clerical WorkersAccountantComplaint Collector

VolunteersNeighborsWhistle BlowersAnonymous TipstersQuick TipstersCitizen ReportersNay-Sayer/The JerkDetectives/Fact CheckersCitizen InspectorsCampaignsExpose HuntersDonorsCommunity OrganizersNon-Profi ts

News Affi liates

Department of TransportationLocal GovernmentGovernment Offi cialsSchool Board

CIty PlannersLandscape ArchitectsArchitectsResearchersVisualizers

ACTIONSFix ThingsProvide Consulting on ProjectBid/ Compete for a ProjectBuildReport on SpendingCreate Budget

Gain PrestigeWin Award

Track DonationsReceive a Report on Donation ResultsGain Bragging RightsPhysical RecognitionTrack Volunteer Time

Tax Incentive CreditAlternate Incentives in CommunityMappingUpload InformationTake a Photo

Hold a MeetingCelebrate An ImprovementReport a ProblemPetitioningCampaigningBroadcastingTrack Number of Tags

Lending ToolsMaking Campaign MaterialsMaking Friends

VolunteeringDeclaring ExpertiseDefi ning Work PreferencesRecommend ProjectsCreating a Call to ActionOrganizing & Mobilizing GroupsBlock a ProposalRate a RepairVotingPraisingCriticizing

Get it DoneShow ResultsTrack the MoneyManage ProjectsCommunicate with OthersSpearhead ProjectsDelegate ResponsibilitiesCreate PrioritiesManaging Workfl ow

Collaborate Across Disciplines/CompaniesCreate Strategic PlansMake Proposal/Present a ProposalSynthesize FeedbackApply/Share ExpertiseInnovate on a SystemCreate a VisionSource Materials

Transition to Sustainable SystemsUtilize new technologyCreate Co-Dependant InfrastructureConsolidate Infrastructure Systems

SHARABLESRecommendationsCompany Profi lesMission StatementsProposal FormSite DataPublic SpaceReal Time LocationProgress UpdatesStatus ReportsAgendasWorkersExpertiseImproved Infrastructure

Formal CeremonyRecognitionRatings MoneyVisionMaterialsGoals/ObjectivesMilestonesOutside Research ReportsMeeting Room/SpaceCampaign MaterialsTax History

Calls for VolunteersBudgetsFinal Project Results

ToolsPetitions

PsudonymsPersonal Information/LocationPhysical/VIrtual meeting place

Legal DocumentsExcel DocumentsDelivery Routes/TrucksRegulationsMap/Navigation SystemDirectory

Opinions Media (photo, video, recordings)

INFRASTRUCTURE FEEDBACK &INNOVATION SYSTEM

Increase Awareness of the Value of Infrastructure

Rethink Infrastructure

Make Best Use of Resources

Spur Civic EngagementCreate Environmental Equality

Improve Overall Quality of Life

Increase Transparency

Create Network to Improve Infrastructure

Whistle Blowers

Volunteers

Neighbors

Inspectors (Saftey/Health)

Tax Collectors

Anonymous Tipsters

Clerical Workers

Quick Tipsters

Accountant

Complaint Collector

Lawyers

Tax Payers

Engineers

Telecommunications Companies

Programmers

Suppliers

Construction Workers

Demolition Companies

IT People

Contractors

Electricians

Plumbers

DOT, etc

Citizen Reporters

Transition to Sustainable Systems

Lending Tools

Tax Incentive Credit

Alternate Incentives in Community

Mapping

Upload Information

Hold a Meeting

Report a Problem

Celebrate Improvement

Petitioning

Volunteering

Track Volunteer Time

Physical Recognition

Gain Bragging Rights

Receive a Report on Donation Results

Track Donations

Win Award

Fix Things

Provide Consulting on Project

Bid/ Compete for a Project

Build

Make Infrastructure Repair Effi cient

Distributors

Nay-Sayer/The Jerk

Detectives/Fact Checkers

Citizen Inspectors

Campaigners

Expose Hunters

Donors

News Affi liates

Community Organizers

Non-Profi ts

Local Govt.

Govt. Offi cials

School Board

CIty Planners

Landscape Architects

Architects

Researchers

Strategists/Designers

Visualizers

Build Community/Reduce Isolationism

Report on Spending

Create Budget

Gain Prestige

Document

Campaigning

Broadcasting

Track Number of Tags

Making Campaign Materials

Making Friends

Declaring Expertise

Defi ning Work Preferences

Recommend ProjectsCall to Action

Organizing & Mobilizing Groups

Block a Proposal

Rate a Repair

Voting

Praising/Criticizing

Utilize new technology

Create Co-Dependant Infrastructure

Consolidate Infrastructure Systems

Collaborate Across Disciplines

Create Strategic Plans

Make Proposal

Synthesize Feedback

Apply/Share Expertise

Innovate on a System

Create a VisionGet it Done

Show ResultsTrack the Money

Manage Projects

Communicate with Others

Spearhead Projects

Recommendations

Delegate Responsibili-

ties

Company Profi les

Mission Statements

Proposal Form

Site Data

Public Space

Real Time Location

Progress Updates

Status Reports

Agendas

Workers

Expertise

Improved Infrastructure

Formal Ceremony

Legal Documents

Recognition

Ratings Money

Vision

Executable Strategy

Design of Systems

New Infrastructure Solutions

Materials

Goals/Objectives

Milestones

Outside Research Reports

Meeting Room/Space

Campaign Materials

Psudonyms

Calls for Volunteers

Tax History

Tools

Budgets

Final Project Results

Petitions

Personal Information/Location

Physical/VIrtual meeting place

Excel Documents

Delivery Routes/Trucks

Regulations

Map/Navigation System

Directory

Opinions

Media (photo, video, recordings)

CollaborativePeicemealStoryboarding

Progressionof GroupStoryboards

RadialDiagramof “InfrastructureFeedback&InnovationSystem”

PreliminaryResearch&Ideation

IDEATING AND STORYBOARDING A FUTURE SHARING SCENARIO

Amina Patton City Inspector, Voiceover

Amina Patton, Erin Hauber, Alexandria Jarvis“Metaphoracle Productions”

Cast

ScenarioVoiceoverIMAGINEASTREETCORNER:AMETAPHORACLEPRODUCTION

Imagine a street corner. It’s average but not ideal. Things are worn and withered.

Looking to incite change, the city begins to label spaces. City inspectors start to mark spaces for accessiblity. To establish areas for city improvement and open areas for community development by citizens.

With a green lit invitation from the city, citizens are report-ing and broadcasting aboutt their communities. Asking questions, looking for involvement, and becoming expect-ant of change.

But with expectation often comes disappointment. All activity does not equal progress.

And with so many reporters there are bound to be dupli-cates.People begin to connect through their reporting. The collective can use their voices to push pass reporting into campaigning.

A collective voice is harder to ignore.

The city is impressed with all of the citizen engagement but such major projects have to be improved. More transpar-ent and collaborative than ever, the city planner and city inspector offer up ideas for reporting citizens to vote on. A sense of purpose and community is achieved. But what about other communities? Other street corners?

Connecting to each other can turn every street corner into my street corner. Allowing people to see the possibility of what could be, not just what is.

Creating a sense of belonging and purpose that can last.

ExcerptsfromFinalFuturecastingScenario

DesignTeam

Claire Kohler, Joshua Dillard, Jay Vaglio, Marysol Ortega, Hao Li, Ariella MostkoffCitizen Reporters

Alexandria Jarvis City Planner

A SHARING SCENARIO


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PreliminaryResearch&Ideationfacilitatedthroughcollaborativegoogledocsandbrainstormsessions


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GOALS

MEMBERS

ACTIONS

SHARABLESGOALSIncrease Awareness of the Value of InfrastructureRethink InfrastructureMake Best Use of ResourcesCreate Environmental EqualityImprove Overall Quality of LifeIncrease Transparency Create Network to Improve InfrastructureSpur Civic EngagementMake Infrastructure Repair Effi cientBuild Community/Reduce Isolationism

PEOPLEPlumbers Construction WorkersContractorsIT PeopleElectriciansDemolition CompaniesEngineersTelecommunications CompaniesProgrammers

SuppliersDistributors

Tax PayersTax CollectorsLawyersInspectors (Saftey/Health)Clerical WorkersAccountantComplaint Collector

VolunteersNeighborsWhistle BlowersAnonymous TipstersQuick TipstersCitizen ReportersNay-Sayer/The JerkDetectives/Fact CheckersCitizen InspectorsCampaignsExpose HuntersDonorsCommunity OrganizersNon-Profi ts

News Affi liates

Department of TransportationLocal GovernmentGovernment Offi cialsSchool Board

CIty PlannersLandscape ArchitectsArchitectsResearchersVisualizers

ACTIONSFix ThingsProvide Consulting on ProjectBid/ Compete for a ProjectBuildReport on SpendingCreate Budget

Gain PrestigeWin Award

Track DonationsReceive a Report on Donation ResultsGain Bragging RightsPhysical RecognitionTrack Volunteer Time

Tax Incentive CreditAlternate Incentives in CommunityMappingUpload InformationTake a Photo

Hold a MeetingCelebrate An ImprovementReport a ProblemPetitioningCampaigningBroadcastingTrack Number of Tags

Lending ToolsMaking Campaign MaterialsMaking Friends

VolunteeringDeclaring ExpertiseDefi ning Work PreferencesRecommend ProjectsCreating a Call to ActionOrganizing & Mobilizing GroupsBlock a ProposalRate a RepairVotingPraisingCriticizing

Get it DoneShow ResultsTrack the MoneyManage ProjectsCommunicate with OthersSpearhead ProjectsDelegate ResponsibilitiesCreate PrioritiesManaging Workfl ow

Collaborate Across Disciplines/CompaniesCreate Strategic PlansMake Proposal/Present a ProposalSynthesize FeedbackApply/Share ExpertiseInnovate on a SystemCreate a VisionSource Materials

Transition to Sustainable SystemsUtilize new technologyCreate Co-Dependant InfrastructureConsolidate Infrastructure Systems

SHARABLESRecommendationsCompany Profi lesMission StatementsProposal FormSite DataPublic SpaceReal Time LocationProgress UpdatesStatus ReportsAgendasWorkersExpertiseImproved Infrastructure

Formal CeremonyRecognitionRatings MoneyVisionMaterialsGoals/ObjectivesMilestonesOutside Research ReportsMeeting Room/SpaceCampaign MaterialsTax History

Calls for VolunteersBudgetsFinal Project Results

ToolsPetitions

PsudonymsPersonal Information/LocationPhysical/VIrtual meeting place

Legal DocumentsExcel DocumentsDelivery Routes/TrucksRegulationsMap/Navigation SystemDirectory

Opinions Media (photo, video, recordings)

INFRASTRUCTURE FEEDBACK &INNOVATION SYSTEM

Increase Awareness of the Value of Infrastructure

Rethink Infrastructure

Make Best Use of Resources

Spur Civic EngagementCreate Environmental Equality

Improve Overall Quality of Life

Increase Transparency

Create Network to Improve Infrastructure

Whistle Blowers

Volunteers

Neighbors

Inspectors (Saftey/Health)

Tax Collectors

Anonymous Tipsters

Clerical Workers

Quick Tipsters

Accountant

Complaint Collector

Lawyers

Tax Payers

Engineers

Telecommunications Companies

Programmers

Suppliers

Construction Workers

Demolition Companies

IT People

Contractors

Electricians

Plumbers

DOT, etc

Citizen Reporters

Transition to Sustainable Systems

Lending Tools

Tax Incentive Credit

Alternate Incentives in Community

Mapping

Upload Information

Hold a Meeting

Report a Problem

Celebrate Improvement

Petitioning

Volunteering

Track Volunteer Time

Physical Recognition

Gain Bragging Rights

Receive a Report on Donation Results

Track Donations

Win Award

Fix Things

Provide Consulting on Project

Bid/ Compete for a Project

Build

Make Infrastructure Repair Effi cient

Distributors

Nay-Sayer/The Jerk

Detectives/Fact Checkers

Citizen Inspectors

Campaigners

Expose Hunters

Donors

News Affi liates

Community Organizers

Non-Profi ts

Local Govt.

Govt. Offi cials

School Board

CIty Planners

Landscape Architects

Architects

Researchers

Strategists/Designers

Visualizers

Build Community/Reduce Isolationism

Report on Spending

Create Budget

Gain Prestige

Document

Campaigning

Broadcasting

Track Number of Tags

Making Campaign Materials

Making Friends

Declaring Expertise

Defi ning Work Preferences

Recommend ProjectsCall to Action

Organizing & Mobilizing Groups

Block a Proposal

Rate a Repair

Voting

Praising/Criticizing

Utilize new technology

Create Co-Dependant Infrastructure

Consolidate Infrastructure Systems

Collaborate Across Disciplines

Create Strategic Plans

Make Proposal

Synthesize Feedback

Apply/Share Expertise

Innovate on a System

Create a VisionGet it Done

Show ResultsTrack the Money

Manage Projects

Communicate with Others

Spearhead Projects

Recommendations

Delegate Responsibili-

ties

Company Profi les

Mission Statements

Proposal Form

Site Data

Public Space

Real Time Location

Progress Updates

Status Reports

Agendas

Workers

Expertise

Improved Infrastructure

Formal Ceremony

Legal Documents

Recognition

Ratings Money

Vision

Executable Strategy

Design of Systems

New Infrastructure Solutions

Materials

Goals/Objectives

Milestones

Outside Research Reports

Meeting Room/Space

Campaign Materials

Psudonyms

Calls for Volunteers

Tax History

Tools

Budgets

Final Project Results

Petitions

Personal Information/Location

Physical/VIrtual meeting place

Excel Documents

Delivery Routes/Trucks

Regulations

Map/Navigation System

Directory

Opinions

Media (photo, video, recordings)

RadialDiagramtomapoutthesharingscenario’sgoals,members,actions,andsharables


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1.OVERVIEW/OBJECTIVES2.FINALPRESENTATION3.DOCUMENTATION4.REFLECTION Storyboardprogressionanddevelopment

Exploringthetheformandproductionmethods


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FinalStoryboard/Prototype/ScenarioFilmStills


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Strengthsof ProcessorGroupOur group was excellent at ideating and expanding. It took extra work for us to dumb something down or narrow our view. This came about through multiple iterations of the same sharing scenario. Thankfully this is how the curriculum was set up, so within each iteration we nar-rowed or further refined our scope. Refining meant a lot of ideas were thrown out. This was both good and bad. If we could continue work-ing on the project I think we might like to go back and include some of our earlier ideas.

Limitationsof ProcessorGroupOur original idea became more refined and smaller in scope when we realized we were trying to create a sharing community which depended on the government to make changes. Thinking this was too idealistic we focused on the simple changes which citizens could make within a community. We did not take the time to really research other scenarios or research which has been put into this type of scenario. However, after finishing this phase of the project I found two articles which would have been useful to expand on regarding participatory community engagement and activism. See the description from my weekly report of these articles in the paragraphs below.

In our last phase of this project we were giving ambiguous form to a general idea which I am now realizing is a reality. I recently found these articles: GIS-based approach for participatory decision making and land suitability assessment & Participatory Approaches to Environmental Policy. I was excited to see that this idea of participatory community land-use is in the process of being understood and developed by policy-makers, environmentalists, information scientists, geographers.The first article said: “an interest in participatory decision making is growing in importance as more and more concerns about environmental land use natural resource and transportation issues believe that those who are affected by the decisions should be a part of the process”

Reading the article makes me wish we could have spent more time keeping in someone the elements we had- buying from multiple stakehold-ers, environmental concerns/empathy/inequality etc. Though I know we did not fully understand how those components would work, I was also struck by how we gave form to this idea. (Now I think I would have liked our form to be more polished.) There seems to be power in giving this kind of form to an idea. It suggests the human level experience of that system or set of interactions. Our original idea was focused more around infrastructure but we found it too large to tackle. This article begins to show how that would be tackled. Our video also suc-cinctly expresses the main ideas found in these articles in a way that is simple and easy to understand. In a way it makes the idea powerful to pass on. In this way the experience was similar to experiencing a play, where a people place and action become alive for a moment through actors on a stage.

InformationforFutureEndeavorsThis phase gave me an understanding of how one might “futurecast.” This is something I have never done before. It was interesting to im-merse ourselves in the information we gathered from the trend research and find that after diagramming and brainstorming sessions we could begin to identify holes or future holes within different domains or realms of interaction. This was a very exciting process and some-thing I will take with me beyond my time at NCSU.

OverallReflectionThe mission behind our proposed system is to grant citizens the opportunity be influential within public/shared spaces of their city. Provid-ing an avenue for ideas and opinions about the everyday “street corners” they are familiar with. Attempting to push those opinions and ideas into willpower to make improvements within the community. I am more clear about designs role in creating the conditions for people to accomplish things such as “community improvement” but this phase still leaves a lot open to design for in terms of developing tools and a system which actually accomplishes that goal. One thing I have learned this semester is that an old way of designing stops with the creation of some artifact. The new way of designing begins with the co-creation of an artifact, and ends... well never ends.

To further my understanding in my lifelong/semester long conversation of “What is design” I used this quote within my weekly report:“It is time to move away from the traditional design disciplines that are founded on the materiality of the artifact (graphic, product, space, software, architecture, etc.) and instead organize around human experience domains such as learning, creating, healing, living, working, playing, shopping, etc. People are people whether they are finding their way around a building, using a product, reading a package or using a software application. Design should be about making sure that our results advance people’s personal growth and support a harmonious relationship between people and their environments.”-Elizabeth Sanders, Design Serving People


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OVERVIEWStudents will work individually to generate a potential design principle, design process, and design research method to support the design of sharing platforms, as proposed in the futurecasts. The principle, process, and method will be described in graphic form and presented as 11 x 17 static pages (PDF).


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LEARNING OBJECTIVES• Propose at least one principle that would guide the design of systems for sharing, given

the futurecasts.• Diagram a future design process (applicable ten years into the future) that would sup-

port the design of systems for sharing, given the futurecasts.• Propose one research method and sketch the research instrument that would inform

the design of systems for sharing, given the futurecasts.• Describe the assumptions of and justifications for the proposed design principles, pro-

cess, and method.

DESCRIPTION

Design which incorporates empathetic cues has the opportunity to influence inter-personal fac-tors which affect group dynamic. Group dynamic can be defined as the “interaction of complex A and inter-personal forces operating in a group which determine its character, development, and long-term survival.” (WebFi-nance Inc. 2011) The purpose of this approach is to sustain participation, promote a positive and empathetic group dynamic, encourage new competencies and roles, build new connections among members, and ultimately to lengthen the life of a community.

Members of a sharing community are united by a common purpose. Sustaining this common purpose re-quires members to engage in a variety of activities. Different activities call for various types of competencies and comfort levels and therefore can create affirmation or tension for members. Team role theory expands on this phenomena by explaining, “members assume roles that are compatible with their personal characteristics and skills.” (Engleberg, 2000)

Sharing activities are characterized by a variety of member roles, required competencies, and dura-tions of participation. For these reasons, it is advanta-geous for group members not to understand the diversity of factors which affect both their own participation within a group as well as their fellow group members. Empathy can come about not only through natural observation and participation but also through assuming alternate roles and by attempting to practice atypical skill sets or behaviors.

There are many external and internal obstacles to gaining group flexibility and comfort. Obstacles could be internal (such as expectations/perception of comfort, trust, and performance) as well as external (such as expectations/perception of feedback, instruction, and pres-ence of other members). Design which incorporates empa-thetic cues can help move beyond these obstacles which has the potential to create both a healthy group dynamic and an investment in the greater good of the entire community.

JUSTIFICATION

This principle has the power to:• Sustain participation• Address internal and external obstacles to

participation• Promote positive and empathetic group dynamic• Encourage new competencies and roles among

participants• Build new connections among members• Strengthen a shared purpose among the

community• Improve quality of experience within community• Lengthen the life of a community

IMPLICATIONS

Implications or assumptions of this principle include:

Participation sustains community…

Group Dynamic affects participation…

Empathy promotes positive Group Dynamic…

Community is held together by empathy…

ASSUMPTIONS

This principle is meant to fit into a larger design process which considers the needs of individuals in order to design for a sharing experience.

This principle, process, and method is not an approach for designing a sharing platform but rather for the sharing expe-rience. It is meant to address a lack in designed principles applied to direct understanding, manipulation, and creation of empathetic tools which influence the individual and group experience of a sharing community.

Application and research of this principle, process, and method could lend to the development of characteristics which could contribute to an approach to design a sharing platform as well as addressing the designed experience of sharing.

CONTEXT/EXAMPLES

The following scenarios of a classroom and work group provide examples of how guidance and feedback have been used to sustain participation and promote a healthy group dynamic.

These are both cases in which the group member can be-come disengaged when facing internal or external obstacles. These examples feature groups which can easily lead to physically present but psychologically disengaged members. When members are a part of groups which they cannot eas-ily opt out of, this can provide stress, challenge, and create a greater need for empathic probes and cues to promote positive group dynamic.

Example 1: ClassroomIn an educational setting, a teacher can promote positive group dynamic and an increase class participation by provid-ing guidance which is catered towards a specific students’ needs. Often a teacher creates multiple avenues for provid-ing guidance through the form of an encouragement or a challenge. Also, moments of feedback from students are often integrated within the educational curriculum in order to assess a student’s understanding of their group participa-tion and performance. A teacher uses these moments of guidance and feedback in order to influence not only the individual student’s participation but to improve the overall learning environment of the class. The more students can overcome their own obstacles to participate, the more they can contribute to well-being the class and the educational institution as a whole.

Example 2: Work GroupIn a collaborative working group, individuals might be required to engage in a multiplicity of tasks and roles. Individuals might display natural tendencies towards certain tasks or roles. However, depending on the particular mem-bers present or the length of the project members might find themselves needing to assume tasks and roles which they do not have an affinity towards. This shift in roles and tasks can create tension between members because of internal and external conflict. Different members will react differently to the various roles they might have to assume. Negative feedback or perception of negative feedback from other members within the group can make an unfamiliar task or role more stressful to complete. Other members might experience stress because they do not have the oppor-tunity to try new roles, and feel bored with their assumed task. Group communication can help reveal the underlying issues which arise when members assume different roles or tasks. Group communication can usher in opportunities for members to provide guidance and feedback to each other.

PRINCIPLE DESIGNING FOR THE SHARING EXPERIENCE SHOULD INCORPORATE EMPATHETIC CUES TO SUSTAIN PARTICIPATION & PROMOTE POSITIVE GROUP DYNAMIC. < CREDITS >

NCSU Master of Graphic Design // 2011 Studio // GD502 Culture of Sharing

Designed and Developed by Alexandria Jarvis under the direction of Amber Howard

< SOURCES >Engleberg, Isa N. 2000. Working in groups : communication principles and strategies. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

WebFinance Inc. 2011. Business Dictionary. Business Dictionary. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/group-dynamics.html.


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PROCESS Use the following process in order to incorporate empathetic cues to sustain participation and promote positive group dynamic.

STAKEHOLDERS

The Task ForceThe task force behind this process would ideally incorpo-rate researchers and practitioners from both design fields and social science fields. Examples of fields in social sci-ences which could be integral in developing empathetic cues include psychology, sociology, and anthropology. The task force team would collaborate to create an appropriate probe which incorporates the skills and the competencies required of the sharing activity as well other questions as-sessing internal and external obstacles to achieving positive group participation.

The ParticipantsThe participants within this process are members of a shar-ing community. Chosen participants should have a general familiarity and exposure with the purpose and activities related to the larger community.

FLOW

The direction that people and information travel through the process. People and information continuously cycle through this process until group members, the activity, or probes stop.

TIPS & TASKS

Phase 1 / Gather & CreateGroup members, or participants, should have a general familiarity and exposure to the activity. If possible, it is good for participants to exemplify varying degrees of investment within the given community. Task teams should choose an activity for which they might list competencies and roles the activity requires. They should also choose a task which is challenging enough to allow for internal and external obstacles for positive group dynamic.

Empathetic agents can take the form of a human facilita-tor, fellow members, or a computerized messaging system, depending on the structure and platform of the sharing community. This can be determined in partner with the creation of the probes and cues.

Probes and Cues should be developed by the task team. Teams can follow the Empathetic Probe method for choos-ing agents and creating probes. A cue which is a response to the probe which provides guidance and feedback to a participant should be developed by the Social Sciences team alongside of the Design team in step 4 and monitored in step 7 to lead to eventual evaluation in step 11.

Phase 2 / Probe & CueThe probe can be used to asses a series of roles which a participant assumes through the group sharing activity. A member’s role is influenced by their perception of them-selves, the activity at hand, and the roles of fellow group members. Probes and cues are dispersed by empathetic agents. Agents, equipped with information about an individual’s competen-cies and comfort levels, agents provide real-time guidance for members. This guidance can provide motivation, en-couragement, or advice to extending or strengthen participa-tion, create novel connections between group members, or cause the adoption alternative roles within a group.

The synthesis and identification of member needs can only be facilitated if a response is provided by the individual. In the case that the individual does not provide information by opting out of the probe process a cue cannot be pro-vided. Task teams should determine how many times they might continue to present this member with the option of using the probe. In future testing, teams might choose to document that members choice to opt out and use it in the Debriefing phase.

Phase 3 / Debrief & AdjustThe process will work best with multiple repetitions of phase 2. The more repetitions, the more the task force can compare changes in feelings, thoughts, and behaviors over-time in order to asses if members were influenced by the empathetic cues.

The task force is not the only group of people who can ana-lyze the results. Step 10 also provides a time for individuals or groups to reflect or discuss their results and experiences. This is not recommended for groups who will participate in a second round or adjusted process of empathetic cues.

Lastly, to improve the process the task force should take liberty in adjusting the steps and method to fit their needs. The primary focus of the process should center around the disbursing probes, providing cues, and analyzing the results.

PHASES

Phase 1 / Gather & CreateRequires Task Team Involvement

1. Identify sharing community2. Choose a group and group activity3. Choose Empathetic Agent to deliver Probe & Cues 4. Create and Design Probe and Cues

< OPTIONAL > Complete Steps 5 & 6 to gather introductory responses: Requires Community Member Involvement

Phase 2 / Probe & CueRequires Task Team Involvement Requires Community Member Involvement

5. Let members engage in activity6. Provide each member a probe via human or computer

agents7. Synthesize member response to identify needs via auto-

mated or human synthesis8. Provide empathetic cue to give guidance and feedback to

member9. Observe Behavior

< REPEAT 5-9 >

Phase 3 / Debrief & AdjustRequires Task Team InvolvementRequires Community Member Involvement

10. Provide group dynamic reports for individual or group analysis

11. Review results to assess impact of empathetic probes and cues

12. Adjust Probe according to results

< REPEAT 5-9 > To gather more results

< OPTIONAL > Complete Steps 5 & 6 to gather reflective responses

< OPTIONAL > Remake this process to suit your needs and REPEAT your own variation:

DIAGRAM OF PROCESS

PHASE 1 GATHER & CREATE

PHASE 3 DEBRIEF & ADJUST

PHASE 2 PROBE & CUE

ACTIVITY

GROUP DYNAMIC PROBES

GROUP MEMBERS EMPATHETIC AGENT

CHOSEN ACTIVITY

MEMBERS/PARTICIPANTSRESPOND

OPT OUT

OPT OUTCUE

ALTERED BEHAVIOR

UNALTERED BEHAVIOR

EMPATHETIC CUES


OVERVIEW

A Group Dynamic Probe Method is employed via an empathetic agent to result in an empathetic cue in order to understand group members’ obstacles to positive group participation by assessing internal and external stresses. Internal influences might include expectations, perception of comfort, trust, past experi-ences, values, and performance during group engagement. External influences might include perceived or explicit expectations from others, feedback, instruction, assignment to a particular role, and the presence particular members.

PURPOSE

This method would be employed in order to provide a comprehensive understand-ing of inter-personal factors affecting group dynamic and consequently, individual participation. The disbursement of a probe not only leads to a better understand-ing of members, but within a larger process can inform empathetic cues to provide guidance and feedback to group members. These empathetic cues, delivered by human or computer based agents, can then influence an individuals perception, role, and experience of both the group and the community.

APPLICATION

The task force of designers and social scientists should create the Group Dynamic Probe before interacting with participants. They should also choose or design the empathetic agents by which these probes will be released. Lastly, a series of corresponding cues should also be developed in tandem with the Group Dynamic Probe.

SETTING

The creation of the Group Dynamic Probe should be done within a collaborative space shared by the task team. The disbursement of the Group Dynamic Probe should take place during a group sharing activity. The probe which can be deliv-ered via a computer or human agent and followed by an empathetic cue. Probes and cues can be disbursed during breaks throughout the activity or in a quick suc-cession, which will momentarily pause group activity.

ROLES

The task force is involved in the creation and execution of the Group Dynamic Probe. Participants must be involved in the execution of the Group Dynamic Probe. However, some participants might choose to occasionally or repeatedly opt out of the probe and cue succession.

TECHNIQUE

A task force team might create a Group Dynamic Probe by following these steps:

1. Describe the sharing community and chosen group activity2. Define 4 or more typical group roles 3. Create a list of competencies which are required or helpful for the chosen

group activity4. Create or pull questions about which address internal influences5. Create or pull questions about which address external influences6. Match and Tag all the questions according to the natural partnerships

they have with the different types of group roles7. Match and Tag all the questions according to the natural partnerships

they have with the list of competencies8. Collaborate with the entire task force team to determine the strongest

indicators of inter-personal factors which might affect group dynamic by considering the descriptions of the sharing community and chosen group activity.

RESULTS

The task team must rely on multiple repetitions of disbursing probes and cues as well as observing group behavior. Empathetic agents, probes, and cues can be as-sessed by comparing the degree of change of responses over the course of the activ-ity. The task team can also compare this with their observation of group behavior, and an optional reflective probe at the completion of the activity. In some cases changes might not be noticeable over a course of one activity, but might need to continue over a course of many days. In this case the task force should work with the same group even if some group members are absent or opt out of the process.

These results should reveal that incorporating empathetic cues can decrease internal and external obstacles to group participation and positive group dynamic. It might also lead to increase communication among members, and long-term sustenance of the participant’s sharing community.

FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS

It is important to note that 10 years into the future could allow for the develop-ment of a nuanced agent which syncs the probes to respond to biofeedback. This could provide the automatic prompting of the Group Dynamic Probe at the point of physiological agitation or stress. Equipped with recording functions, these biofeedback devices could also begin recording the group conversation and activity at the time of high stress. This documentation could be integrated and all biofeed-back could feed into a group display and measurement of group dynamic health. The group display and measurement could be used for research and improve-ment of designing empathetic cues. It could also operate as a boundary object for a group to talk about their individual and collective experience within different activities in order to further promote empathy and healthy group dynamic.

INSTRUMENT

The Empathetic Agent Instrument would be utilized by the task force team in order to execute or disburse the Group Dynamic Probe. As mentioned before a task force must assess the structure and affordances of the sharing community in order to choose the appropriate agent. It is important that the which agent deliver information in an objective manner. Some suggestions could be an analog pen and paper system, where participants are handed a probe or multiple choice survey by a silent facilitator. In tight knit groups, other members of the sharing commu-nity who are not participating might act as facilitators. A third suggestion which would be the development of a digital probe which could be sent via e-mail or even through text on a mobile phone. In this case probes would still be disbursed via a silent facilitator but from a distance. Depending on the nature of the probe, this could also be automated.

The empathetic agent would be comprised of the following components:

A series of questions or prompts which probe inter-personal factors which might affect group dynamic < See examples below >

1Example: Sample Questions

1. This part of group work makes me feel a) excited b) neutral c) bored d) stressed

2. I do/do not like fulfilling the role of _____________.

A form or means to deliver that message. < See examples below >

2Analog Hand Delivered Survey

Digitally Sent Survey

A form or means to receive a members response < See examples below >

3Analog Hand Submitted Survey

DigitallySubmitted Survey

* The examples above are just simple illustrations of what that form could be. The empathet-ic agent, probe, and cue can all take any form which the task team finds appropriate.

EMPATHETIC CUES


GROUP MEMBERSEMPATHETIC

AGENT

The Group Probe Method & Empathetic Agent Instrument METHOD


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Kickoff brainstormingsessionwithclass

InitialIdeasrelatedtoprinciplesfordesigningforsharing


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InitialFirstDraft

InitialFirstDraftMethodDiagrams


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Strengthsof ProcessorGroupI really enjoyed the development process of this phase and worked closely with one classmate, Claire Kholer, to develop this principle. I also enjoyed the fact that this idea was mentioned and posted by another classmate, Amina Patton. The idea of empathy within a sharing commu-nity seemed so compelling and interesting. I would love to continue to explore it further. My principle seems to address only a small response to this large idea of empathy between group members and empathy on the part of the sharing platform or system or empathertic rules or ethics which a community or system embody.

Limitationsof PrincipleIt wasn’t until the almost final critique of my principle, process and method that I realized that my principle was slightly different than oth-ers. I realized I was addressing a more specific need within designing for sharing. As opposed to designing for a platform I was more suggest-ing a rule or a suggestion for future sharing communities. I think this scope narrowed my view which provided for an interesting result, but missed the larger picture of this project. See the text which is an excerpt from my principle below, which describes this limitation.

This principle is meant to fit into a larger design process which considers the needs of individuals in order to design for a sharing experience.

This principle, process, and method is not an approach for designing a sharing platform but rather for the sharing experience. It is meant to adress a lack in designed principles applied to direct understanding, manipulation, and creation of empathetic tools which influence the individual and group experience of a sharing community.

Application and research of this principle, process, and method could lend to the development of characteristics which could contribute to an approach to design a sharing platform as well as addressing the designed experince of sharing.

InformationforFutureEndeavorsThis phase was empowering and acted as a perfect culmination of the end of a collaborative semester. I think it expresses what our professor Amber told us at the beginning of the semester, that we could create the companies and organizations which will define a new, interesting, and emerging field within design. I am not sure if that is exactly what she said, but whatever she said was a provocation for us to imagine what could by looking hard at what is, and working towards what we think should be. Creating a principle, process, and method was a little hairy because the door was wide open to anything we wanted. However, now that I have taken my first stab at it, it is exciting to think about continuing to develop a series of principles, processes, and methods throughout my practice. Maybe they won’t all be great now. But they could advance with practice. I think the exercise itself, as well as the externalization and reflection we have done all semester, has contributed to my ability to be articulate and critical about what design is and what design has to offer. I am very grateful for that education and opportu-nity.

OverallReflectionAs I mentioned in the reflection above. I want to continue engaging in this kind of development of principle, process, and methods. I also enjoyed diving into my classmates methods. I enjoyed Claire Kholer’s method for designing for transparency, and Andrew Whitcomb’s devel-opment of mass co-creative design process. I expect to see one of these methods in action one day!

NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY __ COLLEGE OF DESIGN DEPARTMENT OF GRAPHIC AND INDUSTRIAL DESIGN __ FALL 2011

GD502 GRADUATE STUDIO // ANNUAL GRADUATE SYMPOSIUM PROPOSIUM: BUILDING A GRADUATE STUDENT NETWORK

PROFESSOR: AMBER HOWARD STUDENT: ALEXANDRIA JARVIS YEAR: FALL 2011 __ THIRD SEMESTER/SECOND YEAR