empirical formula from percentage to formula. types of formulas the formulas for compounds can be...
TRANSCRIPT
Empirical Formula
From percentage to formula
Types of Formulas
The formulas for compounds can be expressed as an empirical formula and as a molecular(true) formula.
Empirical Molecular (true) Name
CH C2H2 acetylene
CH C6H6 benzene
CO2 CO2 carbon dioxide
CH2O C5H10O5 ribose
• An empirical formula represents the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms in a compound.
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• It is not just the ratio of atoms, it is also the ratio of moles of atoms
• In 1 mole of CO2 there is 1 mole of carbon and 2 moles of oxygen
• In one molecule of CO2 there is 1 atom of C and 2 atoms of O
• The molecular formula is the true or actual ratio of the atoms in a compound.
Learning Check EF-1
A. What is the empirical formula for C4H8?
1) C2H4 2) CH2 3) CH
B. What is the empirical formula for C8H14?
1) C4H7 2) C6H12 3) C8H14
C. What is a molecular formula for CH2O?
1) CH2O 2) C2H4O2 3) C3H6O3
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Learning Check EF-1
A. What is the empirical formula for C4H8?
1) C2H4 2) CH2 3) CH
B. What is the empirical formula for C8H14?
1) C4H7 2) C6H12 3) C8H14
C. What is a molecular formula for CH2O?
1) CH2O 2) C2H4O2 3) C3H6O3
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Learning Check EF-2
If the molecular formula has 4 atoms of N, what is the molecular formula if SN is the empirical formula? Explain.1) SN
2) SN4
3) S4N4
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Learning Check EF-2
If the molecular formula has 4 atoms of N, what is the molecular formula if SN is the empirical formula? Explain.
3) S4N4
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Empirical and Molecular Formulas
molar mass = a whole number = nsimplest mass
n = 1 molar mass = empirical mass molecular formula = empirical formula
n = 2 molar mass = 2 x empirical mass molecular formula =
2 x empirical formula molecular formula = or > empirical formula
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Learning Check EF-3
A compound has a formula mass of 176.0 and an empirical formula of C3H4O3. What is the molecular formula?
1) C3H4O3
2) C6H8O6
3) C9H12O911
Learning Check EF-3
A compound has a formula mass of 176.0 and an empirical formula of C3H4O3. What is the molecular formula?
1) C3H4O3
2) C6H8O6
3) C9H12O912
Learning Check EF-4
If there are 192.0 g of O in the molecular formula, what is the true formula if the EF is C7H6O4?
1) C7H6O4
2) C14H12O8
3) C21H18O12
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Learning Check EF-4
If there are 192.0 g of O in the molecular formula, what is the true formula if the EF is C7H6O4?
1) C7H6O4
2) C14H12O8
3) C21H18O12
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Calculating Empirical Formula• Pretend that you have a 100 gram sample of the
compound.• That is, change the % to grams.• Convert the grams to mols for each element.• Write the number of mols as a subscript in a
chemical formula.• Divide each number by the least number.• Multiply the result to get rid of any fractions.
Example• Calculate the empirical formula of a compound
composed of 38.67 % C, 16.22 % H, and 45.11 %N.• Assume 100 g so• 38.67 g C x 1mol C = 3.220 mole C
12.01 gC • 16.22 g H x 1mol H = 16.09 mole H
1.01 gH• 45.11 g N x 1mol N = 3.219 mole N
14.01 gN
• If we divide all of these by the smallest• one it will give us the subscripts for the
empirical formula• 3.220 mol C = 1 3.219 mol N • 16.09 mol H = 5 3.219 mol N • 3.219 mole N = 1 3.219 mol N
• Empirical formula: CH5N
Learning Check EF-5
Aspirin is 60.0% C, 4.5 % H and 35.5 O. Calculate its simplest formula. In 100 g of aspirin, there are 60.0 g C, 4.5 g H, and 35.5 g O.
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Solution EF-5
60.0 g C x ___________= ______ mol C
4.5 g H x ___________ = _______mol H
35.5 g O x ___________ = _______mol O
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Divide by the smallest # of moles.5.00 mol C = ________________
______ mol O
4.5 mol H = ______________________ mol O
2.22 mol O = ______________________ mol OAre are the results whole numbers?_____
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Finding Subscripts
A fraction between 0.1 and 0.9 must not be rounded. Multiply all results by an integer to give whole numbers for subscripts.(1/2) 0.5 x 2 = 1(1/3) 0.333 x 3 = 1 (1/4) 0.25 x 4 = 1(3/4) 0.75 x 4 = 3
(1/5) 0.20 x 5 = 5
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Homework
• Worksheet C: #1-7