emperor of the day: hadrian reign: 117 - 138ad achievements: - 3rd of “five good emperors” -...
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EMPEROR OF THE DAY:
HADRIANReign: 117 - 138AD
Achievements:
- 3rd of “five good emperors”
- most well travelled emperor
- secured the boundaries of the Roman Empire (eg. Hadrian’s Wall in Britain)
HADRIAN’S VILLA
Date:118-134AD
How do we know this? Brick stamps found on site give two phases of construction 118-125 and 125-134AD
Area: 1.5 sq km
Materials: Mainly brick-faced concrete, covered with stucco
Location: Countryside near Tivoli.
Built for: The Emperor Hadrian’s personal use
The Academy
Piazza D’Oro
Maritime Theatre
Poikile
The Canopus and Serapeum
Vale of Tempe
The Canopus
Serapeum: semicircular dining area named after a temple in Alexandria where the god Serapis (invented by Ptolemy) was worshipped. with a half ‘pumpkin’ dome and a nymphaeum (water feature) with niches holding statues or fountains.
Canopus: Pool named after an Egyptian town in the Nile Delta - the long pool may have been inspired by the Nile River.
Caryatids – statues of women – copies from the Acropolis in Athens
"Go away and draw your pumpkins. You know nothing about these [architectural] matters." –Apollodorus to Hadrian
Piazza D’Oro
Pumpkin- domed entrance way
Colonnaded Courtyard
Large Octagonal Hall with domed roof and small oculus
Nymphaeum
Poikile
Named after Stoa Poikile (Painted Porch), where the Stoic school of philosophy started in Athens.
Poikile
Large central pool was surrounded by exercise area and portico
Short ends of colonnade are curved (Hadrianic feature)
S-W end is held up by a series of barrel vaults
Maritime Theatre“A villa within a villa” – Hadrian’s private retreat
Maritime Theatre
Colonnaded Walkway
Central Courtyard
Bedrooms
Drawbridges
Dining Room
Baths
Entrance way
“A villa within a villa” – Hadrian’s private retreat
Hadrianic Features‘Pumpkin’ Dome
Curved walls
Nympheum
Long Pool
Hadrianic FeaturesHalf ‘Pumpkin’ Dome
Nympheum
Niches
Long Pool
Hadrianic FeaturesCurved walls
Water Feature
Hadrian’s InfluencesHadrianic/Roman Greek Egyptian
Eg. The Academy - named after place in Athens
Egyptian Features
• The names of parts of the Villa eg. Canopus and Serapeum – taken from places he had visited.
• Use of materials eg. Egyptian granite in the courtyard of Piazza d’Oro
• The statues eg. The crocodile next to the Canopus.
Greek Features• The names of parts of the
Villa eg. Poikile – Taken from places he has visited.
• The use of the Greek columns eg. Ionic columns in the Maritime Theatre.
• Copies of Greek statues eg. Caryatids – adapted from those seen on the Erechtheion on the Acropolis in Athens.
• Influence from Greek painting on the Mosaics decorating the Villa eg. The Lion Mosaic and The Goat Mosaic.
Roman / Hadrianic Features
• The use of arch and vault.
• The types of buildings eg. baths.
• Dome with oculus• Emphasis on curves.• Water features