emotional links between structure and content in online ...€¦ · rafael e. banchs human language...

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Emotional Links between Structure and Content in Online Communications Rafael E. Banchs Human Language Technology, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore Andreas Kaltenbrunner Social Media Research Group, Fundació Barcelona Media, Barcelona AIRS 2014 10 th Asia Information Retrieval Society Conference 3 rd –5 th December, 2014, Kuching, Sarawak

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Page 1: Emotional Links between Structure and Content in Online ...€¦ · Rafael E. Banchs Human Language Technology, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore . Andreas Kaltenbrunner

Emotional Links between Structure and Content in Online Communications Rafael E. Banchs Human Language Technology, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore

Andreas Kaltenbrunner Social Media Research Group, Fundació Barcelona Media, Barcelona AIRS 2014

10th Asia Information Retrieval Society Conference 3rd–5th December, 2014, Kuching, Sarawak

Page 2: Emotional Links between Structure and Content in Online ...€¦ · Rafael E. Banchs Human Language Technology, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore . Andreas Kaltenbrunner

Motivation and Objectives

• Width and depth in online discussion trees strongly depends on topic (Gonzalez-Bailon et al., 2010)

• Deliberation theory (Habermas, 1984) can be used to explain structure for online discussion phenomena

Is there any relation to content?

Page 3: Emotional Links between Structure and Content in Online ...€¦ · Rafael E. Banchs Human Language Technology, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore . Andreas Kaltenbrunner

Preliminary Work • Prerequisites of deliberation (Ackerman and

Fishkin, 2002)

DELIBERATION

other forms of decision making

Page 4: Emotional Links between Structure and Content in Online ...€¦ · Rafael E. Banchs Human Language Technology, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore . Andreas Kaltenbrunner

Preliminary Work • WIDTH and DEPTH in online discussion trees

Tim

e E

volu

tion

Initial post

Page 5: Emotional Links between Structure and Content in Online ...€¦ · Rafael E. Banchs Human Language Technology, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore . Andreas Kaltenbrunner

Preliminary Work • WIDTH and DEPTH in online discussion trees

Tim

e E

volu

tion

Initial post

3 7 5 7 3 1

Page 6: Emotional Links between Structure and Content in Online ...€¦ · Rafael E. Banchs Human Language Technology, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore . Andreas Kaltenbrunner

Preliminary Work • WIDTH and DEPTH in online discussion trees

Tim

e E

volu

tion

Initial post

3

5

7

3

5 5

3 4

7 6 5

Page 7: Emotional Links between Structure and Content in Online ...€¦ · Rafael E. Banchs Human Language Technology, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore . Andreas Kaltenbrunner

Preliminary Work • Width-depth space for online discussion trees

(Gonzalez-Bailon et al., 2010) max depth

(argumentation)

min depth (argumentation)

max width (representation)

min width (representation)

Page 8: Emotional Links between Structure and Content in Online ...€¦ · Rafael E. Banchs Human Language Technology, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore . Andreas Kaltenbrunner

Preliminary Work • Discussion categories in width-depth space

Politics

Your Rights Online

Video Games

Page 9: Emotional Links between Structure and Content in Online ...€¦ · Rafael E. Banchs Human Language Technology, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore . Andreas Kaltenbrunner

Research Question

• There is a clear relationship between the structure of the resulting discussion tree and the topic category of the forum

• What is the driving force, from the content point of view, determining the structure of a discussion tree?

• Is there any emotional factor driving this relationship?

Page 10: Emotional Links between Structure and Content in Online ...€¦ · Rafael E. Banchs Human Language Technology, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore . Andreas Kaltenbrunner

Measuring Emotional Load

• ANEW Lexicon: Affective Norms for English Language Words (Bradley and Lang, 1999)

• About 1000 English frequently used words scored along three different emotional dimensions

▫ Valence: a proxy for happiness

▫ Arousal: a proxy for excitement or agitation

▫ Dominance: a proxy for the feeling of confidence

Page 11: Emotional Links between Structure and Content in Online ...€¦ · Rafael E. Banchs Human Language Technology, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore . Andreas Kaltenbrunner

English Data Collection

• Discussion trees extracted from slashdot.com

Page 12: Emotional Links between Structure and Content in Online ...€¦ · Rafael E. Banchs Human Language Technology, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore . Andreas Kaltenbrunner

English Data Collection

• Discussion trees extracted from slashdot.com

Discussion Trees Samples

Originally collected 10,012

Filtered collection 9,426

Filtered Type-I region 1,939

Filtered Type-3 region 1,831

Page 13: Emotional Links between Structure and Content in Online ...€¦ · Rafael E. Banchs Human Language Technology, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore . Andreas Kaltenbrunner

Experimental Results

• Absolute differences between emotional scores in Type-1 and Type-3 communications

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Page 14: Emotional Links between Structure and Content in Online ...€¦ · Rafael E. Banchs Human Language Technology, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore . Andreas Kaltenbrunner

Experimental Results

• Kurtosis of emotional values

0

1

2

3

4

Valence Arousal Dominance

Type-1

Type-3

Page 15: Emotional Links between Structure and Content in Online ...€¦ · Rafael E. Banchs Human Language Technology, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore . Andreas Kaltenbrunner

Interpretation of Results

• Kurtosis measures the “peakedness” of a distribution

• This might suggest an increase on emotional polarization in the discussion trees!

Positive Kurtosis

Negative Kurtosis

Normal Distribution

• We observe a reduction of kurtosis in the case of Type-1 discussion trees

Page 16: Emotional Links between Structure and Content in Online ...€¦ · Rafael E. Banchs Human Language Technology, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore . Andreas Kaltenbrunner

Conclusions

• We have explored the possible existence of emotional links between structure and content in online communications

• We have found significant differences between emotional scores in Type-1 and Type-3 discussion trees (in both English and Spanish)

• The kurtosis of valence and dominance are the main driving forces explaining this differences

Page 17: Emotional Links between Structure and Content in Online ...€¦ · Rafael E. Banchs Human Language Technology, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore . Andreas Kaltenbrunner

References • Ackerman B, Fishkin J (2002) Deliberation Day. The Journal of

Political Philosophy 10(2):129-152

• Bradley M, Lang P (1999) Affective norms for English words (ANEW): stimuli, instruction manual and affective ratings. Technical report C-1, The Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida

• Gonzalez-Bailon S, Kaltenbrunner A, Banchs R (2010) The structure of political discussion networks: a model for the analysis of online deliberation. Journal of Information Technology (2010), 1-14

• Habermas J (1984 &1987) The theory of communicative action, I & II, Cambridge: Polity

Page 19: Emotional Links between Structure and Content in Online ...€¦ · Rafael E. Banchs Human Language Technology, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore . Andreas Kaltenbrunner

Emotional Links between Structure and Content in Online Communications Rafael E. Banchs Human Language Technology, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore

Andreas Kaltenbrunner Social Media Research Group, Fundació Barcelona Media, Barcelona AIRS 2014

10th Asia Information Retrieval Society Conference 3rd–5th December, 2014, Kuching, Sarawak