Emotional and Volitional processes

Theory of emotions James-Lange theory of emotion

The theory that emotional feelings result when an individual becomes aware of a physiological response to an emotion-provoking stimulus

Cannon-Bard theory of emotionThe theory that an emotion-provoking stimulus is transmitted simultaneously to the cortex, providing the feeling of emotion, and to the sympathetic nervous system, causing the physiological arousal

Schachter-Singer theory of emotionA two-stage theory stating that for an emotion to occur, there must be (1) physiological arousal and (2) an explanation for the arousal

James-Lange theory

Cannon-Bard theory

Schachter-Singer theory

Emotion Research

Behavioral Emotions play no adaptive role but rather represent a learned response. Maladaptive emotions represent a maladaptive learned response and can be treated by extinguishing the maladaptive response and substituting an adaptive one.

Emotion Research

Cognitive-Behavioral Emotions are the result of cognitive appraisals. This appraisal process can be distorted, resulting in emotional psychopathology. Treatment consists of recognizing and correcting the distorting cognitive processes, without addressing deeper conflicts or searching for insight.

Emotion Research

Experiential Emotions are signals produced by the affective system, which integrates information from diverse sources and provides important feedback about the adaptiveness of specific behaviors. In psychopathology this feedback mechanism is disrupted or distorted, resulting in a disconnect in the feedback system, where the affective signal is not interpreted appropriately and maladaptive behaviors ensue. Treatment consists of recognition and acceptance of the affective signal (the emotion) and its adaptive integration with cognition and behavior.

Emotion Research

Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic

Freud (Freud Museum,Freud Archives)Emotions are synonymous with "psychic energy" and are linked to instinctual, largely unconscious drives, which must be made conscious ("where id was there ego shall be") in order to be "tamed" and socialized.

Classification of emotions

Classification proposed by Wundt, offers characterize emotions in three areas:

- Pleasure-displeasure;

- Stress-vacuum;

- Excitation-inhibition.

American psychologist K. Izard identifies the following basic emotions:

* Interest-excitement;

* Joy;

* Surprise;

* Mount-suffering;

* Anger;

* Disgust;

* Contempt;

* Shame;

* Wine.

Volitional processes

Will - process of conscious control of man's behavior and activity, expressed in the ability to overcome internal and external challenges.

Functions of will: O Incentive and guide to achieve

this goal in overcoming difficulties.

O Brake function will manifest in deterring unwanted activity, motives and actions that do not comply worldview, ideals and beliefs of the individual.

O Regulatory function is expressed in arbitrary regulation action, mental processes and behavior, to overcome barriers.

O Developmental function is that the volitional regulation aimed at improving the subject of his behavior.

Structure of volitional action:

1) motivational motivator link (target motifs);

2) performing unit (modes of action and behavior as external proposed by someone, and internal, developed itself;

3) assessment and efficient link (results of actions).

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