emissions world-bank and imo for large 4-stroke diesel...
TRANSCRIPT
2008
/02/
27©
MAN
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27<
1>
R&
D E
ngin
eerin
g M
ediu
m S
peed
Emis
sion
s
Wor
ld-B
ank
and
IMO
for l
arge
4-s
trok
e D
iese
l eng
ines
2008
/02/
27©
MAN
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2>
Out
line En
gine
spe
cific
atio
ns a
nd a
pplic
atio
nsC
urre
nt a
pplic
able
sta
ndar
ds IM
O &
Wor
ld B
ank
NO
xEm
issi
on re
duct
ion
pote
ntia
l
Futu
re IM
O a
nd W
orld
Ban
k st
anda
rds
Fuel
oil
qual
ity
2008
/02/
27©
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0802
27<
3>
Engi
ne s
peci
ficat
ion
& a
pplic
atio
n
Exam
ple:
48/
60 e
ngin
e ty
pe
Pow
er: 1
050/
1200
kW
/cyl
.
Spee
d: 5
00 -
514
rpm
Size
: 6L
-18V
Stro
ke: 6
0 cm
Bor
e: 4
8 cm
Sing
le e
ngin
e ou
tput
s
from
450
kW
up
to 8
0 M
W fo
r
Ship
pro
puls
ion:
IMO
regu
latio
ns
Turn
Key
Pow
er P
lant
s: W
orld
Ban
k gu
idel
ines
2008
/02/
27©
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0802
27<
4>
Mar
ine
engi
nes:
NO
xvs
. IM
O T
ier1
891011121314151617
100
300
500
700
900
1100
Eng
ine
spee
d
(rpm
)
Cycle values E2/E3/D2 (g/kWh
NO
x =
45n-0
,2
(130
> rp
m <
200
0)
Bou
ndar
y co
nditi
ons
Dis
tilla
te T
est F
uel
Cor
rect
ion
for a
mbi
ent
cond
ition
s
Cyc
le v
alue
s
Uni
ts: g
/kW
h
13 g
/kW
h eq
uiv.
to
1800
mg/
Nm³@
15%
O2
2008
/02/
27©
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Stat
iona
ry e
ngin
es:
NO
xvs
. Wor
ld B
ank
NOx
Emis
sion
Lev
el fr
om s
tatio
nary
pla
nts
1000
,00
1200
,00
1400
,00
1600
,00
1800
,00
2000
,00
2200
,00 35
040
045
050
055
060
065
070
075
080
0
Engi
ne s
peed
(rpm
)
NOx (mg/m3@15%O2)
NOx
Lim
it W
orld
bank
. Jul
y 20
00B
ound
ary
cond
ition
sA
ctua
l Fue
l
At s
ite c
ondi
tions
Hig
h lo
ad o
pera
tion
Uni
ts:
mg/
Nm³@
15%
O2
2008
/02/
27©
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0802
27<
6>
Con
side
ratio
ns fo
rNO
xR
educ
tion
For c
urre
nt IM
O a
nd W
B li
mits
: fue
l sys
tem
mod
ifica
tion
and
incr
ease
in s
peci
fic fu
el
oil c
onsu
mpt
ion
(SFO
C)
Pot
entia
l ofN
Ox
redu
cing
mea
sure
s fo
r fut
ure
limits
:
Inte
rnal
ly:
Mill
er c
ycle
, hig
h co
mpr
essi
on ra
tio, h
igh
char
ge a
ir an
d fir
ing
pres
sure
s,
varia
ble
valv
e tim
ing,
com
mon
rail
inje
ctio
nD
epen
ding
on
NO
x-red
uctio
n le
vel:
incr
ease
in S
FOC
+ re
duct
ion
of o
utpu
tW
ith to
day‘
s S
FOC
, T/C
per
form
ance
, and
out
put o
f sta
tiona
ry e
ngin
esfro
m 2
011
aN
Ox-r
educ
tion
is p
ossi
ble
by:
2-st
roke
10 –
15 %
4-st
roke
HFO
des
ign
up to
20
%4-
stro
ke d
istil
late
des
ign
20 –
25 %
Add
ition
al m
easu
res
poss
ible
if s
ite c
ondi
tions
allo
w a
nd a
t inc
reas
ed in
vest
and
op
erat
ing
cost
:Fue
l wat
er e
mul
sion
(FW
E)
15 –
25 %
Air
Hum
idifi
catio
n (li
mite
d to
ava
ilabl
e he
at a
nd w
ater
) 40
–60
%S
CR
(lim
ited
to lo
w-s
ulfu
r fue
l use
)80
–85
%
2008
/02/
27©
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7>
NO
xem
issi
on li
mits
curr
ent a
nd fu
ture
With
resi
dual
fuel
:W
orld
Ban
k (J
uly
2000
):20
00 m
g/N
m³@
15%
O2
IFC
/WB
new
EH
SG
:18
50 m
g/N
m³@
15%
O2
With
dis
tilla
tefu
el a
nd re
fere
nce
cond
ition
s:IM
O T
ier1
(200
0) 4
8/60
12.9
1 g/
kWh
~17
90 m
g/N
m³@
15%
O2
IMO
Tie
r2 (2
011)
48/
6010
.47
g/kW
h ~
1450
mg/
Nm³@
15%
O2
For I
MO
Tie
r3 (2
016)
48/
60
2.58
g/k
Wh
~36
0 m
g/N
m³@
15%
O2
an
env
ironm
enta
l qua
lity
need
driv
en a
ppro
ach
whi
ch re
quire
s a
low
sul
fur f
uel
and
SC
R is
fore
seen
for s
ensi
tive
coas
tal a
reas
and
har
bors
onl
y.
Not
eIM
O: r
efer
ence
fuel
/ re
fere
nce
cond
ition
Wor
ld B
ank:
site
con
ditio
ns15
–25
%N
Ox
diffe
renc
e be
twee
n D
M-g
rade
(dis
tilla
te) a
nd R
M-g
rade
(r
esid
ual)
fuel
.
2008
/02/
27©
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0802
27<
8>
Qua
lity
of fu
el o
il fo
r pow
er p
lant
s I
Cou
ntry
Ave
rage
sul
furc
onte
nt
[%]
Indi
a3.
01
Cub
a3.
00
Dom
inic
an R
epub
lic2.
20
Egyp
t2.
57
Gua
tem
ala
2.06
Paki
stan
2.59
Suda
n2.
26
El S
alva
dor
2.00
Chi
na2.
96
Viet
nam
2.80
2008
/02/
27©
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27<
9>
Qua
lity
of fu
el o
il fo
r pow
er p
lant
s II
Cou
ntry
Ave
rage
sul
fur c
onte
nt
USA
, Can
ada,
Icel
and
(Die
sel)
<0.1
Spai
n1.
0 (p
rior 2
.0 –
3.0)
Port
ugal
1.0
(prio
r 3.0
)
Turk
ey3.
0 –
5.0
Isra
el1.
0
Leba
non
0.5
–1.
5
Bel
arus
, Kaz
akhs
tan,
Mol
davi
a, U
krai
ne, S
erbi
a an
d so
uth
of R
ussi
aup
to 3
.5
Mau
ritan
ia2.
0
Kuw
ait (
Die
sel)
0.1
–0.
5
Rom
ania
(Die
sel)
0.03
Not
e:D
iese
l (di
still
ate
fuel
) may
con
tain
up
to 2
% S
acc
ordi
ng to
ISO
-821
7
2008
/02/
27©
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0802
27
Qua
lity
of fu
el o
il fo
r sta
tiona
ry
pow
er p
lant
s
<10
>
”Low
sul
phur
fuel
oil,
Pro
duct
ava
ilabi
lity,
sup
ply
and
conc
erns
”; M
oniq
ue V
erm
eire
Ber
gen,
Nor
way
10
Oct
ober
200
5, C
hevr
on s
emin
ar
2008
/02/
27©
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0802
27<
11>
Than
k yo
u fo
r you
r atte
ntio
n !
2008
/02/
27©
MAN
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g_20
0802
27<
12>
Bac
k-up
Fuel
qua
lity
for s
hips
Add
ition
al N
Ox
redu
ctio
n m
easu
res
FWE
for m
inor
NO
xre
duct
ion
requ
irem
ents
HA
M fo
r med
ium
NO
xre
duct
ion
requ
irem
ents
SCR
for s
tron
gN
Ox
redu
ctio
n re
quire
men
ts
Gas
eng
ines
2008
/02/
27©
MAN
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0802
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13>
Qua
lity
of fu
el o
il fo
r shi
ps
2008
/02/
27©
MAN
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0802
27<
14>
Fuel
Wat
er E
mul
sific
atio
n
FWE
is a
n ad
d on
met
hod
whi
ch is
abl
e to
redu
ceN
Ox
by a
bout
20
%,
prov
ided
the
desi
gn o
f the
inje
ctio
n sy
stem
offe
rs s
uffic
ient
rese
rves
. A
lso
fresh
wat
er (d
rinki
ng w
ater
qua
lity)
is n
eede
d: A
bout
20
% o
f the
co
nsum
ed fu
el a
mou
nt.
Fuel
con
sum
ptio
n at
hig
her w
ater
con
tent
s in
crea
sed.
Sm
oke
emis
sion
not
adv
erse
ly a
ffect
ed.
It re
quire
s th
e ad
apta
tion
of th
e lo
w p
ress
ure
fuel
sys
tem
(eng
ine
and
plan
t) to
han
dle
the
high
er p
ress
ures
nee
ded
to a
void
eva
pora
tion
of th
e w
ater
.
Furth
er s
ome
addi
tiona
l saf
ety
mea
sure
s an
d m
aint
enan
ce a
re n
eede
d.
The
syst
em h
as b
een
runn
ing
for s
ome
year
s on
sev
eral
ves
sels
and
has
pr
oven
not
to a
ffect
the
relia
bilit
y of
the
engi
ne.
Inve
st c
ost i
ncre
ase
abou
t 1.5
–2.
5 %
.
Run
ning
cos
t inc
reas
e (fr
esh
wat
er).
2008
/02/
27©
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0802
27<
15>
Hum
id A
ir M
otor
HA
M is
an
add
on m
etho
d w
hich
allo
ws
for a
NO
xre
duct
ion
of
40 –
60 %
. For
this
, a h
uge
amou
nt o
f wat
er is
nee
ded:
Abo
ut tw
ice
of th
e co
nsum
ed fu
el q
uant
ity.
Ther
e ar
e le
ss p
ossi
bilit
ies
for w
aste
hea
t rec
over
y w
hich
may
resu
lt in
add
ition
al fu
el c
onsu
mpt
ion.
The
spac
e re
quire
men
ts a
nd in
vest
men
t cos
ts a
re la
rge.
On
mod
ern
engi
nes
outp
ut re
duct
ion
may
be
nece
ssar
y.
The
HA
M te
chni
que
is n
ot w
idel
y us
ed y
et: T
he s
yste
m h
as b
een
runn
ing
with
low
-sul
fur f
uel o
n on
e sh
ip a
nd o
n on
e st
atio
nary
pla
nt.
Ver
y hi
gh in
vest
cos
t inc
reas
e ab
out 3
3 %
.
Low
runn
ing
cost
(sea
wat
er).
2008
/02/
27©
MAN
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0802
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16>
Sele
ctiv
e C
atal
ytic
Red
uctio
n
SC
R is
the
mos
t effe
ctiv
e te
chno
logy
for t
he re
duct
ion
ofN
Ox.
An
effic
ienc
y of
up
to 8
5 %
in d
ynam
ic o
pera
tion
is a
chie
vabl
e.
The
spac
e re
quire
men
ts, i
nves
tmen
t and
ope
ratin
g co
sts
are
cons
ider
able
.
Ope
ratio
n on
sta
ndar
d H
FO w
ith a
sul
fur c
onte
nt h
ighe
r tha
n 1
% m
ay le
ad to
clo
ggin
g of
the
cata
lyst
bec
ause
the
exha
ust g
aste
mpe
ratu
res
of to
day‘
s fo
ur-s
troke
eng
ines
are
too
low
, at l
east
und
er
usua
l ope
ratin
g co
nditi
ons.
Hig
h in
vest
cos
t inc
reas
e ab
out 1
5 %
.
Ver
y hi
gh a
dditi
onal
runn
ing
cost
(am
mon
ia o
r ure
a, m
aint
enan
ce).
2008
/02/
27©
MAN
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0802
27<
17>
Ach
ieva
ble
NO
xva
lues
for
dual
fuel
eng
ines
Larg
e 4-
stro
ke D
ual F
uel (
DF)
eng
ines
with
nat
ural
gas
and
liqu
id p
ilot
fuel
inje
ctio
n:
in G
as m
ode:
400
mg/
Nm³@
15%
O2
at in
crea
sed
SFO
C a
lso
poss
ible
:20
0 m
g/N
m³@
15%
O2
in D
iese
l mod
e:W
orld
Ban
k-/ I
MO
-lim
its (s
ee a
bove
)
Stro
ng e
ffici
ency
dec
reas
e (S
FOC
incr
ease
) tow
ards
low
erN
Ox
in g
as
mod
e.
Sec
ure
igni
tion
(ene
rgy
inpu
t) of
lean
cyl
inde
r cha
rgin
g no
long
er
assu
red
tow
ards
low
erN
Ox
in g
as m
ode
with
a li
quid
pilo
t fue
l.
No
expe
rienc
e fo
r oth
er g
ases
bes
ides
nat
ural
gas
.