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TRANSCRIPT
Prepared by
REC
EMISSION MONITORING OFTHE TILE MANUFACTURING PROCESS
ON 17 - 18 JANUARY & 17 FEBRUARY 2006
For AWN Consulting Ltd
Prepared for:
AWN Consulting LtdTecpro Building
Clonshaugh Industrial EstateDublin 17
Republic of Ireland
Prepared by:
REC LtdUnit 19
Bordesley Trading EstateBirmingham
B81BZTel: 0121 326 7007Fax: 0870051 8783
E-mail: [email protected]
Issued : 20 March 2006Reference : 31696p 1r1
/&vt /lcv~Martin Brown, Environmental Consultant
~/. _AReviewed by : I '£- Y
Paul Furmst6n, Director
REC Ltd 31696p1r1 20 March 2006 Page 1 of 11
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'11
CONTENTSPage No.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3
1.
INTRODUCTION 4
1.1
Background 4
1.2
Scope of the Survey 4
1.3
Sampling Personnel 4
2.
METHODOLOGY 5
2.1
Species and Techniques 5
"
2.2Sampling & Analytical Methodology 5
-'
3.SAMPLING AND OPERATIONAL DETAILS 8
3.1
Process Description 8
3.2
Sampling Positions 8
3.3
Uncertainty 8
3.4
Emission Monitoring Survey Details 8
4.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 10
4.1
Initial Velocity and Temperature Traverse 10
4.2
Particulate Matter 10
4.3
Hydrogen Chloride and Hydrogen Fluoride 10
4.4
Combustion Gases 10
4.5
Total vac Emission Data 11
TABLES 1
Flow Data2
Total Particulate, HCI and HF Emission Data Kiln 1 Outlet Run 13
Total Particulate, HCI and HF Emission Data Kiln 1 I Outlet Run 24
Total Particulate, HCI and HF Emission Data Kiln 1 Inlet Run 15
Total Particulate, HCI and HF Emission Data Kiln 1 Inlet Run 26
Total Particulate, HCI and HF Emission Data Kiln 1 Inlet Run 17
Total Particulate, HCI and HF Emission Data Kiln 1 Inlet t Run 28
Total Particulate, HCI and HF Emission Data Kiln 1 Outlet Run 19
Total Particulate, HCI and HF Emission Data Kiln 1 Outlet Run 210
Total Particulate, Emission Data Spray Dryer11
Total Particulate, Emission Data Tile Dryer12
Combustion Gas & VOC Emission Data
APPENDICES Ca Iculations
REC Ltd 31696p1r1 20 March 2006
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••
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Resource & Environmental Consultants (REG) Ltd was commissioned by AWN ConsultingLtd to monitor emissions of pollutants from their client's process (VITRA Tiles) at their site inArklow, Co. Wicklow.
In accordance with the requirements of their site authorisation, monitoring has beenundertaken for the following pollutants:-
• Combustion Gases including O2, CO, NOx, and S02• Total Particulate Matter
• Hydrogen Chloride (HCI)• Hydrogen Fluoride• Total Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) expressed as Propane (C3)
The following results were obtained from the emission monitoring survey and are comparedwith the current authorisation limit:-
'X" i
..Ayerage Emission Conceht(ation:,(mg/Nm3)
,~"': ' " " • {,<' .'\SpeCies'
" '-......
Kiln 2 "I" ."'.
Kiln 1 . I-Kiln 1 Kilh 2The ....r·';· .....' i'.'. Spray .
EXIT
INLETEXIT.,'INLETDryer: .Dryer
Total VOCs as C
53322178129--
Carbon Monoxide
41<120<1--
Sulphur Dioxide
<110< 1<1--
NOx (as NO)
45392518--
Particulate Matter
1310275787<1
Hydrogen Chloride
113143136--
Hydrogen Fluoride
3812--
NOTE 1: All data are expressed in mg/Nm' at 273K, 101.3kPa, dry gas corrected to 18% Oxygen contentunless otherwise stated.
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Backqround
AWN Consulting Ltd commissioned REC Ltd to conduct an emission monitoringsurvey on their client's process, at their site in Arklow, Co. Wicklow, to gatheremissions data for VITRA Tiles IPPC permit application.
••
-
1.2 Scope of the Survey
An emission monitoring survey was required to determine the release concentrationsof various pollutants from the kiln process. Concentrations of the following pollutantswere quantified during the survey:
• Combustion Gases including O2, CO, NOx, and S02• Total Particulate Matter
• Hydrogen Chloride (HCI)• Hydrogen Fluoride• Total Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) expressed as Carbon (C)
Ancillary measurements of stack dimensions, temperature and velocity were alsomade.
Sampling for combustion gases and VOCs was carried out on a continuous basiswith measured concentrations being logged at 1 minute intervals over the samplingperiod. All other pollutants were sampled in duplicate.
All results were to be reported at 273K, 101.3kPa, dry gas and referenced to 18%Oxygen content.
1.3 Samplinq Personnel
Monitoring was conducted by the following REC Ltd permanent staff:-
-• Jon Connor
• Gary Quirk
REC Ltd 31696p1r1 20 March 2006
MCERTS Level 1MCERTS Level 1
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2. METHODOLOGY
2.1 Species and Techniques
The following table shows the reference methods used for the emission monitoringsurvey:
"
SpeciesMethodUncertai,nty±%
Limit of
..
Detection',' ,
Moisture
In house method MM001020
0.1%based on US EPA Method 4.
ParticulateIn house method MMOO0910
1Matter based on ISO 9096
Hydrogen
In house method MMOO09200.1
Chloride based on USEPA 26A
Hydrogen
In house method MMOO09200.1
Fluoride based on USEPA 26A
Oxides ofIn house method MMOO02Nitrogen (as based on ISO 10849
101NO)
Sulphur
In house method MMOO0210
1Dioxide based on ISO 7935
Carbon
In house method MMOO0210
1Monoxide based on ISO 12039
Oxygen
In house method MMOO0210
0.1%based on ISO 12039
VolatileIn house method MMOO02
Organicbased on BS EN 12619 &101
Compounds13256
f'-..••
2.2 SamplinQ & Analytical MethodoloQY
Total Particulate Matter
To determine the concentration of particulate matter in the emissions, isokineticstack sampling equipment satisfying the BS ISO 9096 was utilised. In house methodMM0009 was followed.
The Standard describes the methodology for measuring particulate matter underdefined conditions and at discrete locations in the duct. Sampling is carried outunder isokinetic sampling conditions i.e. the flowrate through the sampling nozzle isadjusted to equal the flowrate in the duct at the sampling positions. Velocitypressures were recorded throughout the monitoring period by means of an'S' typepitot integral to the sampling probe and nozzle assembly.
A sample of the exhaust stream was removed from the stack via a titanium nozzleand titanium lined heated probe. It was then passed through a quartz fibre filtercontained in a heated oven compartment.
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r:~
r,•..
•..
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..•
•..
The temperature of the probe and filter box were maintained at 160°C i.e. above thedew point of the stack gases, to ensure moisture did not condense on the filter
The impinger train was seated in a water bath to cool the gas stream and condenseout less volatile gases and water vapour.
The first two impingers encountered by the gas stream contained deionised water.The third impinger was left empty and the fourth contained anhydrous silica gelwhich was used to dry the gas stream before passing it through a dry gas meter(DGM) to measure the volume of gas sampled.
All the impingers were weighed before and after the sampling run in order todetermine the mass of water condensed by the impinger train (in house MethodMM00010).
Upon completion of sampling, the filter was removed to a clean petri dish, labelledand sealed. The probe and filter housing were rinsed with acetone and water. Thewashings were collected in a container and submitted for analysis along with thefilter .
HCI & HF
To determine the concentration of HCI and HF in the emissions, isokinetic stack
sampling equipment satisfying the requirements of United States EnvironmentalProtection Agency (US EPA) Method 26A. In house method MM0009 was followed.
A sample of the exhaust stream was removed from the stack via a titanium nozzleand titanium lined heated probe. It was then passed through a quartz fibre filtercontained in a heated oven compartment. The temperature of the probe and filterbox were maintained above 160°C in accordance with MM0009.
On leaving the filter, the sampled exhaust gas was passed into a series of impingers.The first two impingers encountered by the gas stream contained dilute suphuric acid(O.05M H2S04) to capture and absorb the volatile chloride (Cr) and fluoride (F-) ions.The third and fourth impingers contained dilute sodium hydroxide (0.1 M NaOH). Thefifth impinger contained anhydrous silica gel which was used to dry the gas streambefore passing it through a dry gas meter (DGM) to measure the volume of gassampled .
Upon completion of sampling, the contents of the first two impingers weretransferred to a sealed, labelled container, which was subsequently analysed for crand F via an ion chromatographic technique.
Combustion Gases
To determine the concentration of combustion gases (NOx• S02, CO, CO2 and O2) inemissions, a Testotherm Model 350XL multigas analyser was used. The analyserincorporates a gas conditioner to enable the gas stream to be presented to theelectrochemical cells on a dry gas basis. In house method MM0002 was followed.
The analyser satisfies the requirements of the following Standards:-NOx - ISO 10849S02 - ISO 7935CO & O2 - ISO 12039
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For each parameter the measured value (m.v.) and accuracy associated with thistype of measurement using the Testo 350XL is:
O2 ±0.8% of full scale deflectionNO
±5ppm (0-99.9ppm), ± 5% of m.v. (100-1,999.9ppm), ± 10%of m.v.(2,000-3,000ppm)N02
±5ppm (0 - 99.9ppm), ± 5% of m.v. (100 - 500ppm)S02
±5ppm (0-99ppm), ± 5% of m.v. (100-2,000ppm), ± 10% ofm.v.(2,001-5,000ppm)CO
±2ppm (0-39.9ppm), ± 5% of m.v. (40 - 500ppm).
The analyser would be calibrated against traceable test gases prior to the survey.
The Standards describe the methodology for measuring the combustion gases listedabove under defined conditions in the duct. Sampling is carried out underanisokinetic sampling conditions as it is assumed that the gas is homogenous acrossthe sample plane.
Total VOCs
To determine the concentration of VOCs in emissions, a Bernath portable flameionisation detector (FID) was employed. the analyser consists of a sintered filter, toremove particulate matter, a heated sampling line and heated FID block. Thisequipment satisfies the requirements of US EPA Method 25A and BS ENs 13526and 12619 (in house method MM0002).
The instrument is calibrated over a number of ranges against a traceable propane(C3H8) standard prior to and on completion of each test.
VOCs are detected by the FID with the output being proportional to the number ofcarbon atoms present in the sample. The readout displays a VOC figure expressedin ppm as propane which is converted to mg/Nm3 as propane.
Stack Temperature and Velocity
To determine the stack temperature, a calibrated thermocouple and digital indicatorwere employed. The exhaust gas velocity was investigated using a pitot static probe(to MM0009) and digital manometer.
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3. SAMPLING AND OPERATIONAL DETAILS
3.1 Process Description
The main kiln fires ceramic wall tiles and the secondary (decoration) kiln is used tofire tiles after additional decoration/colouring has been added to the surface of thetile. The main kiln is used 24 hours 7 days a week.
However, the secondary decoration kiln is only used when additional decoration orcolour is required on a particular batch of tiles or for border tiles. Soth the main kilnand the secondary (decoration) kiln are powered by natural gas.
Whilst monitoring Kiln 2 exit the louvre had to be fully opened. Normally it is usedwith the louvre almost closed and the flow in the stack is less than 5 Pascals (pa).
3.2 Samplina Positions
On all four stacks only one sampling port was provided. This was a 4" SSP. Onlyone stack complies with the Guidance note M1 in respect of the port being 5hydraulic diameters away from exit. This stack is the Kiln 1 inlet. Kiln 1 exit'ssampling port is approximately 3 - 4 hydraulic diameters from the exit but on Kiln 2inlet and exit the ports are only a few cm away from the exit.
3.3 Uncertainty
The sample planes do not meet the requirements stated in UK Environment AgencyTechnical Guidance Note M1 due to there only being one sample port on all stacksand the distance from the sampling port to the stack exit being less than thespecifications in TGN M1.
~.JQ~;i9g!:Jr~¥~!,,~,\p:~I,,~~~i~h!I;~te~ori~e.ntr~tio~s ~ill be degraded'from the ~ta.n.dardi·~j;.1±10%to,,~i.~~,r~l1ia~al'~Sl%~ThiS limItation IS likely to have a much less Significanteffect on the hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride and the gaseous concentrationsmeasured, as these constituents are considered to be homogeneous across theplane of the duct.
3.4 Emission Monitorina Survey Details
The emission monitoring survey was carried out on the process over the period 1718 January and 17 February, 2006. The table below summarises the actual samplingperiods.
tI'"
Ir.·
ti[,[I .I
tIi
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,Stack ParameterSample Time & Date
Kiln1 Exit
Total Particulates, HF & HCI Run 117/01/06 10:50-11 :20Total Particulates, HF & HCI Run 2
17/01/0611:43-12:12Combustion Gases & VOCs
17/01/0611:04-11:50
Kiln1 Inlet
Total Particulates, HF & HCI Run 117/01/0613:12-13:42Total Particulates, HF & HCI Run 2
17/01/06 13:53-14:23Combustion Gases & VOCs
17/01/06 13:31-14:32
Kiln2 Inlet
Total Particulates, HF & HCI Run 118/01/0609:45-10:15Total Particulates, HF & HCI Run 2
18/01/06 10:25-10:55Combustion Gases & VOCs
18/01/0609:54-10:30
Kiln2 Exit
Total Particulates, HF & HCI Run 118/01/0612:55-13:25Total Particulates, HF & HCI Run 2
18/01/06 13:40-14: 10Combustion Gases & VOCs
18/01/0613:05-13:45
Spray Dryer
Total Particulates Run 117/02/06 12:15 - 12:45Total Particulates Run 2
17/02/06 12:50 - 13:20
Tile Dryer
Total Particulates Run 117/02/06 15:15 - 15:45Total Particulates Run 2
17/02/06 15:50 - 16:20
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4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Initial Velocity and Temperature Traverse
An initial pitot-static pressure and temperature traverse was carried out. From thesedata stack velocity, expressed in metres per second (m/s), and volumetric flowratesexpressed in cubic metre per hour (m3/hr) have been calculated.
The results are reported at actual stack conditions and the volumetric flowrate isfurther expressed at the standard reference conditions of 273K, 101.3kPa i.e.standard temperature and pressure (STP). The results are summarised in Table 1.
4.2
4.3
Particulate Matter
The results of the particulate sampling runs are summarised in Tables 2 to 12. Fromthe mass of particulate matter on the filter and in the acetone/water wash residueand volume sampled an emission concentration was calculated.
The results are expressed in mg/m3 at 273K, 101.3kPa, on a dry gas basis at 18%O2 content.
Hydroaen Chloride and Hydroaen Fluoride
The results of the volatile chloride and fluoride sampling runs are summarised inTables 2 to 9. From the concentration of cr and F and the measured volume of
absorbing solution a total mass of HCI and HF in microgram (J..lg)was determined.From their respective molecular weights, equivalent weights of HCI and HF werethen calculated. From the measured sample volume, an emission concentration andmass emission was calculated.
The results are expressed in mg/m3 at 273K, 101.3kPa, on a dry gas basis at 18%O2 content.
4.4 Combustion Gases
The results of the combustion gas monitoring tests are summarised in Table 13.This table presents the average concentrations collected throughout the sampleperiods.
Concentrations are expressed in mg/m3 at the standard reference conditions of273K, 101.3kPa on a dry gas basis at 18%_oxygen content.
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4.5 Total VOC Emission Data
The results of the vac monitoring tests are also summarised in Table 3. This tablepresents the average concentration measured during the sample periods.
Concentrations are expressed in mg/m3 as propane at the standard referenceconditions of 273K, 101.3kPa on a dry gas basis at 18% oxygen content.
----------End of Report Text---------
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REC Ltd 31696p1r1 20 March 2006
TABLES
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i::. TABLE 1
FLOW DATA
••~tackR:ef
'llIo
/I
Kiln 1 Exit
214891323,38713,110Kiln 1 Inlet
14250910,7007,000Kiln 2 Exit
4578104,4003,700Kiln 2 Inlet
1202052,4701,700Spray Dryer
8340916,33912,556Tile Dryer
38II
'.
,.•.
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TABLE 2
Hel & HF EMISSION DATA - KILN 1 EXIT RUN 1
Run Time (min)
Total mass H20 collected (g)
Pitot tube constant, Cp
Dry gas meter (DGM) volume (litres)
Temperature DGM (0C)
Temperature stack (0C)
Mean pitot tube pressure drop, delta P (cm H20)
Orifice meter pressure drop, delta H (cm H20)
Barometric Pressure (kpa)X-sectional area of stack (m2)
Nozzle size (mm)
30
6.1
0.82
473.60
9
214
0.92
2.90101.30.5036.90
2.2
6.68.8
93992589
12.9
7.2
23388131100.4550.463
Velocity, actual (m/s)
Velocity, ntp (m/s)
Vol. Flow, actual (m3/hr)
Vol. Flow, ntp (m3/hr)
Volume sampled, ntp, dry gas (m3 )
Volume sampled, ntp, wet gas (m3)
Filter Weight Gain (mg)
Acetone Wash Residue Weight (mg)Total Particulates (mg)
Mass HCI (ug)Mass HF (ug)
[,'i
"..,,
[,
02 (%vol)
H20 (%vol)
Percentage Iso kinetic
Particulates (mg/m3)
HCI (mg/m3)
HF (mg/m3)
16.5
1.694.9
19.33
20.64
5.69
12.74
13.61
3.75
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13.56
7.65
1.44
30
4.2
0.82
460.00
9
215
0.91
2.84
101.3
0.503
6.90
0.2
8.9
9.1
5134
968.0
12.9
7.2
23274
13031
0.442
0.448
16.5
1.395.4
20.58
11.61
2.19
TABLE 3
Hel & HF EMISSION DATA- KILN 1 EXIT RUN 2
Run Time (min)
Total mass H20 collected (g)Pitot tube constant, Cp
Dry gas meter (DGM) volume (litres)
Temperature DGM (0C)
Temperature stack (oC)
Mean pitot tube pressure drop, delta P (em H20)
Orifice meter pressure drop, delta H (em H20)
Barometric Pressure (kPa)
X-sectional area of stack (m2)
Nozzle size (mm)
Velocity, actual (m/s)
Velocity, ntp (m/s)
Vol. Flow, actual (m3/hr)
Vol. Flow, ntp (m3/hr)
Volume sampled, ntp, dry gas (m3 )
Volume sampled, ntp, wet gas (m3)
Filter Weight Gain (mg)
Acetone Wash Residue Weight (mg)
Total Particulates (mg)Mass HCI (ug)Mass HF (ug)
O2 (%vol)
H20 (%vol)
Percentage Isokinetic
Particulates (mg/m3)
HCI (mg/m3)
HF (mg/m3)
~1
I
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0.6
<0.1
0.65045
181
30
4.2
0.82
423.80
23
142
0.50
1.96
101.3
0.332
6.90
8.9
5.8
10579
6954
0.389
0.394
Velocity, actual (m/s)
Velocity, ntp (m/s)
Vol. Flow, actual (m3/hr)
Vol. Flow, ntp (m3/hr)
Volume sampled, ntp, dry gas (m3 )
Volume sampled, ntp, wet gas (m3)
Run Time (min)
Total mass H20 collected (g)
Pitot tube constant, Cp
Dry gas meter (DGM) volume (litres)
Temperature DGM (0C)
Temperature stack (0C)
Mean pitot tube pressure drop, delta P (cm H20)
Orifice meter pressure drop, delta H (cm H20)Barometric Pressure (kpa)X-sectional area of stack (m2)
Nozzle size (mm)
Hel & HF EMISSION DATA- KILN 1 INLET RUN 1
TABLE 4
Filter Weight Gain (mg)
Acetone Wash Residue Weight (mg)
Total Particulates (mg)Mass HCI (ug)
Mass HF (ug)
02 (%vol)
H20 (%vol)
Percentage Isokinetic
Particulates (mg/m3)
HCI (mg/m3)
HF (mg/m3)
20.8
1.3100.5
1.54
12.98
0.47
40.70
342.19
12.26
rt
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163.00
285.12
4.22
8.4
5.510009
6568
0.356
0.361
0.31.7
2.0
3498
51
30
4.2
0.82
387.60
22
143
0.45
1.90
101.3
0.332
6.90
20.8
1.5
97.7
5.62
9.83
0.15
Filter Weight Gain (mg)
Acetone Wash Residue Weight (mg)
Total Particulates (mg)
Mass HCI (ug)Mass HF (ug)
Velocity, actual (m/s)
Velocity, ntp (m/s)
Vol. Flow, actual (m3/hr)
Vol. Flow, ntp (m3/hr)
Volume sampled, ntp, dry gas (m3 )
Volume sampled, ntp, wet gas (m3)
TABLE 5
Run Time (min)
Total mass H20 collected (g)
Pitot tube constant, Cp
Dry gas meter (DGM) volume (litres)
Temperature DGM (0C)
Temperature stack (0C)
Mean pitot tube pressure drop, delta P (cm H20)
Orifice meter pressure drop, delta H (cm H20)
Barometric Pressure (kPa)X-sectional area of stack (m2)
Nozzle size (mm)
Hel & HF EMISSION DATA- KILN 1 INLET RUN 2
02 (%vol)
H20 (% vol)
Percentage Isokinetic
Particulates (mg/m3)
HCI (mg/m3)
HF (mg/m3)
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TABLE 6
Hel & HF EMISSION DATA- KILN 2 INLET RUN 1
Run Time (min)
Total mass H20 collected (g)
Pitot tube constant, Cp
Dry gas meter (DGM) volume (litres)
Temperature DGM (0C)
Temperature stack (0C)
Mean pitot tube pressure drop, delta P (cm H20)
Orifice meter pressure drop, delta H (cm H20)Barometric Pressure (kPa)X-sectional area of stack (m2)
Nozzle size (mm)
Velocity, actual (mts)
Velocity, ntp (mts)
Vol. Flow, actual (m3thr)
Vol. Flow, ntp (m3thr)
Volume sampled, ntp, dry gas (m3 )
Volume sampled, ntp, wet gas (m3)
30
6.1
0.82
507.80
12
44
0.70
3.89
101.3
0.126
6.80
9.1
7.8
4117
3542
0.483
0.490
Filter Weight Gain (mg)Acetone Wash Residue Weight (mg)
Total Particulates (mg)
Mass HCI (ug)
Mass HF (ug)
O2 (%vol)
H20 (% vol)Percentage Iso kinetic
Particulates (mgtm3)
HCI (mgtm3)
HF (mgtm3)
REC Ltd 31696p1r1 20 March 2006
20.6
1.595.8
14.92
3.84
0.36
0.1
7.1
7.2
1855174
131.13
33.79
3.17
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TABLE 7
Hel & HF EMISSION DATA - KILN 2 INLET RUN 2
Run Time (min)
Total mass H20 collected (g)Pitot tube constant, Cp
Dry gas meter (DGM) volume (Iitres)
Temperature DGM (0C)
Temperature stack (0C)
Mean pitot tube pressure drop, delta P (cm H20)
Orifice meter pressure drop, delta H (cm H20)Barometric Pressure (kpa)X-sectional area of stack (m2)
Nozzle size (mm)
30
4.2
0.82
549.20
13
50
0.77
3.52
101.3
0.126
6.80
Velocity, actual (m/s)
Velocity, ntp (m/s)Vol. Flow, actual (m3/hr)
Vol. Flow, ntp (m3/hr)Volume sampled, ntp, dry gas (m3 )
Volume sampled, ntp, wet gas (m3)
9.6
8.1
4354.9
3683.1
0.520
0.526
Filter Weight Gain (mg)Acetone Wash Residue Weight (mg)
Total Particulates (mg)
Mass HCI (ug)
Mass HF (ug)
<1
1.31.3
2057
78.7
02 ("Ioval)
H20 ("10 val)
Percentage Isakinetic
Particulates (mg/m3)
HCI (mg/m3)
HF (mg/m3)
REC Ltd 31696p1r1 20 March 2006
20.6
1.1
98.8
2.50
3.95
0.15
24.15
38.21
1.46
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20.01
22.35
1.93
<1
1.21.2
1340
116
5.4
3.72464
1690
0.527
0.527
30
21.0
0.82
554.60
12
125
0.20
3.43
101.3
0.126
9.90
20.6
4.73
101.8
2.28
2.54
0.22
Velocity, actual (m/s)
Velocity, ntp (m/s)Vol. Flow, actual (m3/hr)
Vol. Flow, ntp (m3/hr)
Volume sampled, ntp, dry gas (m3 )
Volume sampled, ntp, wet gas (m3)
Run Time (min)
Total mass H20 collected (g)
Pitot tube constant, Cp
Dry gas meter (DGM) volume (litres)
Temperature DGM (0C)
Temperature stack (0C)
Mean pitot tube pressure drop, delta P (cm H20)
Orifice meter pressure drop, delta H (cm H20)Barometric Pressure (kpa)
X-sectional area of stack (m2)Nozzle size (mm)
Hel & HF EMISSION DATA- KILN 2 EXIT RUN 1
Filter Weight Gain (mg)
Acetone Wash Residue Weight (mg)
Total Particulates (mg)Mass HCr (ug)
Mass HF (ug)
TABLE 8
O2 (%vol)
H20 (% vol)
Percentage Iso kinetic
Particulates (mg/m3)
HCI (mg/m3)
HF (mg/m3)
REC Ltd 31696p1r1 20 March 2006
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TABLE 9
Hel & HF EMISSION DATA - KILN 2 EXIT RUN 2
Run Time (min)
Total mass H20 collected (g)
Pitot tube constant, Cp
Dry gas meter (DGM) volume (litres)
Temperature DGM (oC)
Temperature stack (OC)
Mean pitot tube pressure drop, delta P (cm H20)
Orifice meter pressure drop, delta H (cm H20)Barometric Pressure (kpa)
X-sectional area of stack (m2)Nozzle size (mm)
30
120.82
607.20
12
116
0.21
3.50101.30.1269.90
Velocity, actual (m/s)
Velocity, ntp (m/s)Vol. Flow, actual (m3/hr)
Vol. Flow, ntp (m3/hr)Volume sampled, ntp, dry gas (m3 )
Volume sampled, ntp, wet gas (m3)
5.53.9
248517440.5780.578
Filter Weight Gain (mg)
Acetone Wash Residue Weight (mg)
Total Particulates (mg)
Mass HCI (ug)Mass HF (ug)
3.34.57.8
2432.8<29
l[
fI
O2 (%vol)
H20 (%vol)
Percentage Iso kinetic
Particulates (mg/m3)
HCI (mg/m3)
HF (mg/m3)
REC Ltd 31696p1r1 20 March 2006
20.6
2.69108.3
13.49
4.21
<0.05
130.37
40.66
<0.44
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TABLE 10
PARTICULATE MATTER DATA - SPRAY DRYER RUN 1
Run Time (min)
Total mass H20 collected (g)Pitot tube constant, Cp
Dry gas meter (DGM) volume (Iitres)
Temperature DGM (0C)
Temperature stack (0C)
Mean pitot tube pressure drop, delta P (cm H20)
Orifice meter pressure drop, delta H (cm H20)Barometric Pressure (kPa)X-sectional area of stack (m2)
Nozzle size (mm)
30
6.7
0.82
420
12
82
0.53
2.20101.30.1266.80
Velocity, actual (m/s)Velocity, ntp (m/s)Vol. Flow, actual (m3/hr)Vol. Flow, ntp (m3/hr)Volume sampled, ntp, dry gas (m3 )
Volume sampled, ntp, wet gas (m3)
8.36.4
377129000.3990.407
Filter Weight Gain (mg)Acetone Wash Residue Weight (mg)Total Particulates (mg)Partics Field Blank (mg)
<1
8.5
5.6
3
H20 ("10 vol)Percentage Iso kinetic
Particulates (mg/m3)
REC Ltd 31696p1 r1 20 March 2006
2.0
97.2
14.03
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TABLE 11
PARTICULATE MATTER DATA - SPRAY DRYER RUN 2
Run Time (min)
Total mass H20 collected (g)Pitot tube constant, CpDry gas meter (DGM) volume (Iitres)Temperature DGM (0C)
Temperature stack (0C)
Mean pitot tube pressure drop, delta P (cm H20)
Orifice meter pressure drop, delta H (cm H20)Barometric Pressure (kPa)X-sectional area of stack (m2)
Nozzle size (mm)
30
0.0
0.82425.60
1382
0.53
2.10101.30.1266.80
Velocity, actual (m/s)Velocity, ntp (m/s)Vol. Flow, actual (m3fhr)Vol. Flow, ntp (m3/hr)Volume sampled, ntp, dry gas (m3 )Volume sampled, ntp, wet gas (m3)
8.4
6.4378929140.4030.403
Filter Weight Gain (mg)Acetone Wash Residue Weight (mg)Total Particulates (mg)Partics Field Blank (mg)
<1
3.2
0.3
2.9
Percentage Isokinetic
Particulates (mg/m3)
REC Ltd 31696p1r1 20 March 2006
95.8<1
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TABLE 12
PARTICULATE MATTER DATA - TILE DRYER RUNS 1 & 2
Time 15:15 - 15:4515:50 - 16:20
DGM Reading Start (m3)
252.521253.328
DGM Reading End (m3)253.321254.1242
Volume Sampled (m3)
I0.8I0.7962
DGM Temp (DC)
I
14I
14Ambient Press (kPa)
101.3101.3
Volume Sampled, 273K, 101.3kPa(m3)
I0.761I0.757
Filter Weight Gain (mg)Acetone Wash Residue (mg)Total Weight Gain (mg)
< 0.10.60.6
< 0.11.71.7
TABLE 13
COMBUSTION GAS & VOC EMISSION DATA
Kiln 1 ExitKiln 1 InletKiln 2 ExitKiln 2 Inlet
45392519
52322
178129
<110< 1<1
41<120<1
16212020
Concentrations are at the standard reference conditions of 273K, 101.3kPa without correction for water vapour at 18% oxygencontent. NOx is expressed as NO.
REC Ltd 31696p1r1 20 March 2006
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(as total Carbon)
(as N02)
APPENDIX 1
Calculations
Conversion Factors
ppm ® mg/Nm3 (at 273K, 101.3kPa: STP)
CO X 1.25
S02 X 2.86
VOC's X 0.53
NOx X 2.05
Oxygen Correction to Reference Value
Concentration at (STP) -> Concentration at 273K, 101.3kPa, reference O2 and Dry Gas, i.e.
Concentration X ((20.9-02 ref)/(20.9-02 measured)) = Concentration at ref Oxygen state.
Example Calculation
S02 concentration at STP
Oxygen percentage in gas stream
Reference Oxygen
=
=
=
170.7 mg/Nm3
13.8%
11%
S02 concentration at reference O2 conditions =
=
170.7 ((20.9-11 )/(20.9-13.8))
238 mg/Nm3 at 273K, 101.3kPa,
11% O2 and Dry Gas
Moisture Correction (Wet to Dry)
Concentration of Gas Dry =
Concentration of Gas Wet =
Concentration ofx 100/100-Bws Gas Wet
Concentration of x 100-Bws/100 Gas Dry
Where Bws = moisture content of gas stream in percent (VoINol).
Example
VOC concentration
Moisture Content
Concentration of VOC
Carbon (C) to Trichloethylene (TCE)
=
=
=
25 mg/Nm3 (Wet)
27.1%
25 (100/(100-27.1))
I'"
ppm TCE = ppm C x 0.6715
TCE in mg/m3 = TCE ppm x 5.864 (Mol WU22.4)
REC Ltd 31696p1r1 20 March 2006
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