Motivating Today’s Employees

Group Members

Sidra MaqsoodSundas KehkashanAmmad Ahmed KhanShahrukh ZiaUmar Sani

CIIT Islamabad

Today’s Discussion

DefinitionsMotivation TypesTheories of MotivationCurrent Issues in MotivatingStrategies to MotivateFactors of De-Motivation

Motivation MeaningMotivation is derived from the Latin

word ‘Movere’ which means ‘to move’, ‘to energize’ or ‘to activate’

The act of giving somebody a Reason or Incentive to do something

Definitions Motivation is a process by which a person’s

efforts are energized, directed and sustained toward attaining a goal

Motivation is the art of getting people to do what you want them to do because they want to do it

Motivation is a desire to achieve a goal, combined with the energy to work towards that goal

Self Determination theory (SDT)In self determination theory (SDT; Deci

& Ryan, 1985) has distinguish between different types of motivation.

Based on different reasons or goals that give rise to an action.

The most basic distinction was between Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation.

Motivation Types

What Motivates People?• Salary• Fringe Benefits• Working Environment• Responsibility• Recognition• Feedback• Learning and Growth

Part II:Presenter: Sundas Kehkashan

Motivation Theories

1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 1943

2. Frederick Herzberg Theory 1950

3. Douglas McGregor Theories X and Y

1960

4. William Ouchi’s Theory Z 1981

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Physiological Needs(Water, Food, Rest, Exercise etc)

Safety Needs(Shelter, Job security,

Retirement plan, Insurance)

Social Needs(Affection, Belongingness, Family, Friends,

Partners)

Self Esteem(Status, Recognition,Reputation, Dignity)

SelfActualization(Confidence,

Achievements,Growth)

Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory

1. MotivatorsAchievementRecognition For AchievementThe Work ItselfResponsibilityAdvancement

Cont… Achievement: Learning new things or taking on new

responsibilities Recognition for achievement: Praise from

management and colleagues◦ awards certificates, plaques, an article about the

employee in the organization’s newsletter etc The work itself: Challenging Jobs and Tasks Responsibility: Ability to make independent

decisions, to participate in special teams or to initiate new projects

Advancement: To assist supervisor or some other position that is higher in the rank

2. Hygiene Factors

Salary

Technical supervision

Company policies and administration

Interpersonal relations

Working conditions

McGregor’s Theory X and Y

Theory Z It focuses on company philosophy, distinct

corporate culture, long-range staff development and consensus decision making

The result is:◦Lower turnover◦ Increased job commitment◦Higher productivity

A major aspect of Theory Z is Trust and Team Performance

Other TheoriesGoal Setting Theory

◦ Specific goals increase performance and difficult goals, when accepted, result in higher performance

Re-enforcement Theory◦ Behavior is a function of its consequences◦ Those consequences that immediately follow a

behavior are called Re-enforcers

CONT…Equity Theory

◦ Focuses on individuals’ perceptions of how fairly they are treated relative to others

Expectancy Theory◦ Motivation depends on individuals’

expectations about their ability to perform tasks and receive desired rewards

Part IIIPresenter: Ammad Ahmed Khan

Current Issues in Motivation

1. Motivating in Tough Economic Conditions2. Managing Cross-Cultural Challenges3. Motivating Unique Groups of Workers

◦ Motivating Diverse Workforce◦ Motivating Professionals◦ Motivating Contingent /Temporary Workers◦ Motivating Low-skilled, Minimum-wage

Employees4. Designing Appropriate Rewards Programs

1. Tough Economic Conditions Layoffs, Tight Budgets, Minimal or No Pay

Raises Benefit cuts

◦ No Bonuses◦ Long Working Hours

What Managers should Do?

◦ Creative ways to keep employees’ efforts energized

◦ Hold meetings, Communicate frequently◦ Establish a Common Goal◦ Creating a Community feel

2. Cross Cultural Challenges

Today’s global business Environment Motivational programs that work in one

geographic location may not work in others In countries like Japan, Greece, and Mexico Uncertainty avoidance characteristics are

strong Security needs would be the foundational

layer of the need hierarchy

Culture Cont…As:

◦The desire for interesting work◦Seems important To all workers◦Regardless of their National Cultures

Growth, Achievement, and Responsibility rated top 3 Motivators by employees

3. Motivating Diverse Groups

Employees come into organizations with:◦ Different needs◦ Personalities◦ Skills and abilities◦ Interests and aptitudes

Professionals want job challenge and support Contingent workers want opportunity to

become permanent Technical workers want to receive skills and

training

Groups Cont…Managers should:o Arrange combination of Rewards to

motivate employees with diverse needso Challenging jobs for Professionals should

be designedo They like to tackle problems and find

solutionso Professionals also value supporto They want others to think that what they

are working on is important

Cont… Permanent workers should be selected from

the temps The temps will feel motivated and work hard

in hopes of becoming permanent Training programs motivates temps too If the job can help develop marketable skills,

motivation is increased Recognition programs and sincere

Appreciation To motivate low-skilled Minimum-wage workers

4. Designing Rewards Programs OPEN-BOOK MANAGEMENT

◦ Goal is to get employees to think like an owner by seeing the impact their decisions have on Financial Results

EMPLOYEE RECOGNITION PROGRAMS

◦ It consists of personal attention and expressing interest and appreciation for a job well done

New Reward Programs Pay for performance / Merit Pay◦ Rewards individual employees in proportion to their

performance contributions Gain sharing◦ Rewards based on performance targets. Encourages

teamwork Employee stock ownership plan (ESOP)◦ Gives employees part ownership of the organization

Lump-sum bonuses◦ One-time cash payment based on performance

CONT… Pay for knowledge:

◦ Links employee reward with the number of task skills improved

Flexible work schedule:◦ Flextime allows workers to set their own hours◦ Job sharing allows two or more part-time workers

to jointly cover one job◦ Telecommuting sometimes called flex-place,

allows employees to work from home or an alternative workplace

Lifestyle awards:◦ Rewards luxury items, such as high-definition

televisions, Touring packages and exotic travel

Part IVPresenter: Shahrukh Zia

Strategies For Motivation

Positive Reinforcement

Effective Discipline

Satisfying Employee’s Needs

Setting Work Related Goals

Restructuring Jobs

Strategies Cont…

Employee Engagement

Job Security / Stability Good Projects Job Rotation

Appropriate Rewards System

EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT

Why? Engaged Employees Loyal Customers

Bigger Profits If the staff are motivated then the

customers will be happy The shareholders will benefit through the

company's success

De-motivation Factors LESS or NO MOTIVATION = DEMOTIVATION

Job content Level of Responsibility Company Culture Caliber of Colleagues Low Growth Potential Work Environment Issues

FACTORS CONT…

No Learning Opportunities Lack of Feedback Bad Bosses Not enough Salary

Part VPresenter: Umar Sani

TOP 10 MOTIVATION TOOLS Notice each individual Say Thank-you, even a smile can make a

big difference Make staff feel Respected and Valued Share your Experience and Knowledge Bring confidence in your employees

CONT…

Be Honest and Trustworthy Don’t take Personal credit for their

success Create a Blame-free culture Set Developmental goals Make Work-Place a Fun Place

Future Reward Structures

It may include combination of:◦Increased base pay ◦Bonuses◦Shortened workweeks◦Extended vacations ◦Flexible work hours

Cont…◦Guaranteed Job Security◦Increased Pension Contributions◦College Tuition Reimbursement◦Help In Purchasing A Home◦Recognition Awards, Paid Club

Memberships

CONCLUSION