emerger: crecimiento colectivo a traves de …...041386co1 500 m 1 km0 eco tourism future expansion...

041386CO1

0 500 M 1 KM

ECO TOURISM

FUTURE EXPANSION

RAISED BED FARMING

RAISED BED FARMING URBA

N CO

RRID

OR

GREEN INDUSTRY

LOCAL CONTEXT

LEGEND

MAIN SERVICES2-STORY HIGH DENSITY1-STORY MED DENSITY1-STORY LOW DENSITYRAISED AGRICULTURE

SAN CRISTOBALBOLIVAR

COLOMBIA

AQUA AGRICULTURE

FISHING

E l H i g u e r t e t a l M A S T E R P L A N

EMERGER: CRECIMIENTO COLECTIVO A TRAVES DE ADAPTACIÓNE M E R G E : C O L L E C T I V E G R O W T H T H R O U G H A D A P TAT I O N

0 500 M100 M

0 500 M100 MS a n C r i s t o b a lM A S T E R P L A N

D I A G R A M S

P a r t i c i p a t o r y D e s i g n M e t h o d o l o g y D iagnose Dream Deve lop Def ine

ENG

AGEM

ENT

DEV

ELO

PMEN

T +

IM

PLEM

ENTA

TIO

N

PLAN

NIN

GIN

STIT

UTI

ON

ALAR

CH

ITEC

TUR

E

- Des

ign

guid

elin

es fo

r int

erpr

etat

ion

- Act

ive

deba

tes

/ OPP

TA C

onfe

renc

e

- Dia

gnos

e fro

m a

dis

tanc

e

- Eng

agem

ent t

hrou

gh s

ite v

isit

IdentifyNetworks

RecognizeShareholders

AnalyzePolicy

AssessFindings

EvaluateResources

CoordinateProviders

BuildLeadership

Find the room to Maneuver

GroupCollaboration

Linking of Findings

EvaluateResources

Portfolio of Options

GameDevelopment

Key Issues - Food - Sanitation - Economy

Vulnerable GroupsEveryone

Key Spaces - Canal - Farm Lands - Wetlands

New Vision for my Neighborhood

Walking and

Talking

MappingGames

ImplementationExercise

Through Group Sessions

Analysis of Portfolio of Options

ExerciseFirst stage of ActionPlanning

Reflection on the Social Production of Area in this Context

Prepare an Exhibition as

a way to comment

Workshop Findings + Outcomes

Local

DreamingThroughDrawing

DreamingThroughModeling

R2 - RESISTIVE RESIDENTIAL BLDG. w HEARTH Adapted from Frediani, Alexandre Aspan; Matthew Anthony French, and Isis Nunez Ferrera, “Change by design, building communities through participatory design.” Urban Culture Press, New Zealand. 2011.

C2 : C3 - ADAPTIVE and RESISTIVE COMMUNTY BLDG. w HEARTH

CANAL DEL DIQUE

CANAL DEL DIQUE

EMERGER: CRECIMIENTO COLECTIVO A TRAVES DE ADAPTACIÓN EMERGE: COLLECTIVE GROWTH THROUGH ADAPTATION

041386CO4

ARC

HIT

ECTU

RE

041386CO2

PLAN

NIN

GEN

GAG

EMEN

T

BIO-SWALE

STRAW BALE CONSTRUCTION

VETIVER GRASS

STRAW BALE TEMPORARY DAMS

DETAIL OF RESIDENTIAL HEARTH TYPOLOGY R0 : EXISTNG RESIDENTIAL BLDG.

R1 : REINFORCED RESIDENTIAL BLDG. w HEARTH

R2 : RESISTIVE RESIDENTIAL BLDG. w HEARTH

R4 : ADAPTIVE RESIDENTIAL BLDG. w HEARTH

C1 : REINFORCED COMMUNITY BLDG. w HEARTH

RADIO TOWER FLOATING UDDT

FLOATING SANITARY TREATMENT

R1 : REINFORCED RESIDENTIALR0 : EXISTING RESIDENTIAL

P R E PA R A R Y R E F O R Z A RP R E PA R E + R E I N F O R C E

A N T E S D E LD E S A S T R E

P R E - D I S A S T E R

D E S A S T R ED I S A S T E R

AY U D AR E L I E F

Be

fore

R

ain

y S

ea

son

D i s a s t e r R e s p o n s e

Ca

na

l R

esp

on

seLe

vel 3

Leve

l 2Le

vel 1

S t o c k P i l e F o o d + Wa t e r

S e c u r eVa l u a b l e s

R e h e a r s eE v a c u a t i o n

E v a c u a t eE l d e r l y

C o r a l eL i v e s t o c k

C o h a b i t a t eH o m e s + S h e l t e r s

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

PRIVATE SECTOR UNITED NATIONS

NGOOTHERSORGANIZATIONSINDIVIDUALS

COMMUNITYLEADERS STAKEHOLDERS

LABORERS

- DGR- UNGRD- SNPAD- SENA

- Colombia Humanitaria- Ministry of Interior

Environment, Houseing Territorial Devlp.

Health + Social Security

- CLOPADs- CREPADs- INCODER- Accion Social

- UN OCHA- UN CERF- UNICEF- UNHCR- WFP

- Aguas de Colombia Ltda- Xylem Watermark- Kellogg’s Corp Citizenship Fund- Unilever

- WHO- FAO- PAHO- UNDP- IOM

- IFRC- Accion- OxFam- Colombian Red Cross- Plan International- Genesis Foundation- ShelfterBox- Pan-American Devlp. Foundation- MercyCorp- AmeriCares

- USAID- Swedish Int. Devlp. Agency- Catholic Relief Services- Lutheran World Relief- Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria- Dialogo Inter-Agencial en Colombia C O M M U N I T Y

Adapted from Frediana. Change by Design. 2011.

RISK MANAGEMENT DIRECTORATE / DGRCOLOMBIAN GOVERNMENT CENTRAL RESPONSE AUTHORITY

INTERNATIONAL NGOSINTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF

RED CROSS + RED CRESENT (IFRC) / INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR THE

DEVELOPMENT OF PEOPLES (CISP) / OXFAM

COLOMBIA HUMANITARIA(HUMANITARIAN RELIEF)

ADAPTION FUND(REHABILITATION & RECONSTRUCTION)

NATIONAL NGOSFUNDACIÓN MARIO SANTO DOMINGO / GENESIS FOUNDATION / PIES DESCALZOS FOUNDATION /

COLNODO

NATIONAL UNIT FOR DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT / UNGRD

NATIONAL SYSTEM FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT &

PREVENTION / SNPAD

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF MINISTRIESMINISTRY OF INTERIOR / MINISTRY OF DEFENSE / MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, HOUSING AND

TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT / MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT / MINISTRY

OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL SECURITY

NGO HOME-COUNTRY TEAMSUNITED NATIONS CENTRAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE FUND (UN CERF) / COLOMBIAN RED CROSS (CRC) /

LOCAL UN HUMANITARIAN TEAMS / HABITAT FOR HUMANITY COLOMBIA

DEPARTMENTS & MUNICIPALSREGIONAL COMMITTEES FOR THE PREVENTION AND

ATTENTION OF DISASTERS (CREPADS) LOCAL COMMITTEES FOR DISASTER PREVENTION AND

ASSISTANCE (CLOPADS)

LOCAL / GROUND-LEVEL RELIEF MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF SAN CRISTOBAL / COMMUNITY LEADERS / LOCAL POLICE / CHURCHES /

SCHOOLS / HOSPITALS / COMMUNITY CENTERS /LOCAL AID GROUPS

PRIVATE SECTORAGUAS DE COLOMBIA LTDA / GRUPO ODINSA / GLOBAL

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PLC

PRESIDENTIAL AGENCY FOR SOCIAL ACTION AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION / ACCIÓN SOCIALCOLOMBIAN GOVERNMENT INTERFACE WITH FOREIGN ASSISTANCE

PRIMARY INTERNATIONAL NGOUNITED NATIONS OFFICE COORDINATION OF

HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS (UN OCHA) / UNITED NATIONS HUMANITARIAN COUNTRY TEAM (UN HCT)

041386CO3

ARC

HIT

ECTU

RE

PLAN

NIN

GEN

GAG

EMEN

T

VETIVERVETIVER GRASSGRASS

C1 : REINFORCED COMMUNITY BLDG. w HEARTH

C2 + C3 : RESISTIVE and ADAPTIVE COMMUNTY BLDG. w HEARTH

C2 + C3 : RESISTIVE and ADAPTIVE COMMUNTY BLDG. w HEARTH

R4A : HORIZONTAL RESIDENTIAL CLUSTER w HEARTH

R4B : VERTICAL RESIDENTIAL CLUSTER w HEARTH

HEARTH

CANAL SECTION / FLOOD PROTECTION BUFFER

GABION WALL

GABIONGABION WALLWALL

CANAL

R2 : RESISTIVE RESIDENTIAL R3 : ADAPTIVE RESIDENTIAL R5 : FLOATING RESIDENTIAL PROTOTYPE

CONSTRUCTED WET LAND

CONSTRUCTCONSTRUCTEDED WET LANDWET LAND

FLOOD PROTECTION BUFFER RAISED BED FARMING

AQUA AGRICULTURE

FLOOD PROTECTION

GREEN INDUSTRY

ECO TOURISM

D E S A R R O L L OD E V E L O P M E N T

A p p l i c a t i o n

D e c i s i o n P r o c e s s

C o o r d i n a t e w i t h P r o v i d e r sS u b m i t P r o p o s a l s

O r g a n i z a t i o n - N e t w o r k I d e n t i f i c a t i o n - O u t l i n e C o m m u n i t y G r o u p s - L i s t o f B e n e f i c i a r i e s - O r g a n i z a t i o n / G o v e r n a n c e - M e m b e r s - D e c i s i o n M a k i n g - S i g n - o f f

D o c u m e n t a t i o nE n g a g e m e n t G r o u p - P a r t i c i p a t o r y P r o c e s s - E c o n o m i c s - E d u c a t i o n - C u l t u r e + S p o r t s P l a n n i n g G r o u p - A n a l y s i s 1 - A n a l y s i s 2 - A n a l y s i s 3A r c h i t e c t u r e G r o u p - S u r v e y H o m e s - M o d e s o f H a b i t a b i l i t y

I m p l e m e n t a t i o nAdapted from Frediana. Change by Design. 2011.From Frediana. Change by Design. 2011.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION2. INTERVENTION TIMELINE 2.1 REINFORCE & PREPARE 2.2 PRE-DISASTER 2.3 DISASTER 2.4 RELIEF 2.5 DEVELOPMENT3. CONCLUSION

041386CO4

041386CO4

Page 1

Climatic events account for 70% of all disasters, 70% total economic loss, and 45% mortality. Climatic disasters (cyclones, fl oods, and droughts) affect 1 billion people annually. Of the various types of natural disaster, fl ooding is the most common worldwide, representing 40% of all natural disasters, and the leading cause of weather-related deaths in the western hemisphere. The challenge in responding to fl ood conditions is to rapidly meet the needs of many, support local responses, and develop guidelines and programs rather than fi nal products. (Saunders) In addition to loss of life, fl ooding harms natural habitat, building infrastructure, and livelihood. The cost of rehabilitation and reconstruction greatly outweigh that of preparation and reinforcement. Any emergency intervention should transition the methods of relief into the means for development. For the emergency interventions designed for the Municipality of San Cristobal, the existing environment, economies, and culture of the people became the primary drivers for consideration. The design team comprised of three groups: social engagement, urban planning, and architectural design. By following an integrated approach between these three groups, cooperative solutions were enabled to have synergistic impact. The design team recommends a participatory design process, eliciting information, ideas, and creativity from the inhabitants of San Cristrobal, Higueretal, and Las Cruces. A community-led approach breaks down the “uneven effects of vulnerability levels in relation to factors such as age, gender, race, and wealth.” The participatory design process attempts to give voice to the vulnerable and marginalized, allowing them to create their own dreams for the future of their town, communities, and individual homes. The role of the design team is to empower citizens through education: developing more resilient and adaptive means of building and planning for the “management of future risks.” The design, building, and implementation of future developments, ultimately, should be driven by the local inhabitants. The design team has laid out an intervention process mirroring that proposed in Decree 4580. The initial phase of the design team is to “save lives and provide shelter and food for affected families.” The design team has identifi ed this in two parts: Reinforce & Prepare, occurring eight months before the rainy season, and Pre-Disaster, initiated at the beginning of the intense rainy season and before a catastrophic fl ood. From the onset of the Disaster event, Relief efforts are fully initiated leading to the second phase of “rehabilitation and

recovery”. The third phase of “long term actions”, Development, refers to ongoing interventions that incrementally raise capacity to mitigate fl ood impacts, introduce services for community improvement, and improve economic vitality of the region. Developmental activities may occur for at least eight months of the year, continually reinforcing the preparations from the prior year while incrementally increasing capacity. Institutionalization occurs when all of these objectives are integrated into the structure and fabric of the region, such that communities may sustainably maintain conditions without external support. The affected communities will be resilient to the future impacts of climate change, achieve the Millennium Goals targeted by local governance, and serve as a replicable model of development.

1. INTRODUCTION

041386CO4

Page 2

ENGAGEMENT INTERVENTION

While the urban planning and architectural group have created visions for the redevelopment of the San Cristobal region, these are intended primarily as guidelines based on the information gathered from external resources. The role of design must be a participatory process where every citizen of San Cristobal, Higueratal, and Las Cruces has the opportunity to dream and impact the future of their town and homes. By empowering citizens to design their future, they become full partners in the development process and the opportunity for systemic change may be realized.

PARTICIPATORY DESIGN METHODOLOGY

Engagement through a participatory model helps appropriately assess the needs of all citizens. “Participatory design and planning is key to achieving equity and effi ciency when formulating plans and in urban governance. Together, design and participation unlock the resourcefulness of place and maximize opportunities for discovery in which all participate.” (Frediani, Alexandre Aspan; Matthew Anthony French, and Isis Nunez Ferrera, “Change by design, building communities through participatory design.” Urban Culture Press, New Zealand. 2011.) Arguably, engagement improves project implementation, as stakeholders are more likely to support developments where they are able to guide the principle activities. Capacity develops not only to respond to the disaster of the time, but for the ability to adapt to the future.

Diagnosis presents the fi rst step of engagement: identifying networks, recognizing stakeholders, analyze existing policy, and assess fi ndings of institutional methods. The resources of the site must be evaluated, their value conserved. Through participatory engagement, interviews with inhabitants may enable the most accurate diagnose. “Walking and talking” exercises throughout town reveal services, proximities, as well as the culture of habitability. In order to specifi cally engage children, such interviews may take the shape of “Mapping Games,” scavenger hunts that reveal the resources for children and the habits embedded within their daily lives.

Dreaming provides new opportunities for the marginalized. It empowers citizens to develop new vision for their neighborhood. Within San Cristobal, HIgueretal, and Las Cruces, the key spaces to realize new futures for include the canal, farmlands, wetlands, and urban spaces. The key issues to tackle include but are not limited to nutrition, sanitation, and economy. It is recognized that everyone

P a r t i c i p a t o r y D e s i g n M e t h o d o l o g y D iagnose Dream Deve lop Def ine

ENG

AGEM

ENT

DEV

ELO

PMEN

T +

IM

PLEM

ENTA

TIO

N

PLAN

NIN

GIN

STI

TUTI

ON

AL

ARC

HIT

ECTU

RE

- D

esig

n gu

idel

ines

for i

nter

pret

atio

n -

Dia

gnos

e fro

m a

dis

tanc

e -

Activ

e de

bate

s / O

PPTA

Con

fere

nce

- En

gage

men

t thr

ough

site

vis

it Identify Networks

Recognize Shareholders

Analyze Policy

Assess Findings

Evaluate Resources

Coordinate Providers

Build Leadership

Find the room to Maneuver

Group Collaboration

Linking of Findings

Evaluate Resources

Portfolio of Options

Game Development

Key Issues - Food - Sanitation - Economy

Vulnerable GroupsEveryone

Key Spaces - Canal - Farm Lands - Wetlands

New Vision for my Neighborhood

Walking and

Talking

Mapping Games

Implementation Exercise

Through Group Sessions

Analysis of Portfolio of Options

Exercise First stage of Action Planning

Reflection on the Social Production of Area in this Context

Prepare an Exhibition as

a way to comment

Workshop Findings + Outcomes

Local

Dreaming Through Drawing

Dreaming Through Modeling

ADAPTED FROM FREDIANI, ALEXANDRE ASPAN; MATTHEW ANTHONY FRENCH, AND ISIS NUNEZ FERRERA, “CHANGE BY DESIGN, BUILDING COMMUNITIES THROUGH PARTICIPATORY DESIGN.” URBAN CULTURE PRESS, NEW ZEALAND. 2011.

041386CO4

Page 3

here is vulnerable, young and old alike, and that any intervention will have to tackle a broad range of solutions and introduce new services.

This exercise may occur through drawing charettes where citizens illustrate their vision for development. After revision and defi nition by the design team, modeling exercises allows residents to detail their modes of habitation, and how cohabitation may be accomplished.

Development of solutions is a collaborative effort between the design team, the network of relief agents, and most importantly the local residents. The linking of all fi ndings is crucial to develop a path for progress. The citizens should be presented with a portfolio of options, while children develop a game to recognize development opportunities. Implementation exercises may inform the design team and network of the capacity and the areas where training and education will be most effective.

Defi nition call for a fi nal analysis of options and the fi rst stage of action planning. All providers and stakeholders must refl ect on the social implications and production models for San Cristobal. Final solutions should be developed into an exhibition, developing the process, design, and required steps for implementation. These workshop fi ndings and outcomes may be presented to the local community, and development may begin by connecting them with the networks for development.

ENGAGEMENT INTERVENTION

COMMUNITY DESIGN CHARRETTE WITH MODELS

ADAPTED FROM FREDIANI, ALEXANDRE ASPAN; MATTHEW ANTHONY FRENCH, AND ISIS NUNEZ FERRERA, “CHANGE BY DESIGN, BUILDING COMMUNITIES THROUGH PARTICIPATORY DESIGN.” URBAN CULTURE PRESS, NEW ZEALAND. 2011.

041386CO4

Page 4

The planning strategy for the San Cristobal region is one of adaptation to sustain and advance the quality of life that is threatened annually by the fl uctuations in climate. The current layout, procedures, and fl ood mitigation techniques need to be overhauled to create a stronger community against the modern threats of climate change. Three critical areas that the planning group focused on were diversion of water for gainful uses, locating ideal areas for city growth, and initiating industries and sustainable practices that will promote long term economic growth and a thriving healthy community.

WATER

With consideration to the community, encouraging water bodies to divert to areas for fl ood storage, restoring the natural underground waterways will create unique opportunities for ecotourism, with the presence of aqua communities and the creation of wetland preserves allowing the region’s diverse population of species to thrive and evolve with the existing community. This will also bring an economical value to the area to help the community thrive off of local resources. By establishing a freshwater nature preserve to attract ecotourism and scientifi c study of the fl ora and fauna. This will be unique to other regionally recognized preserves that currently serve to salt water research along the coastal edge.

While redirecting storm water and canal overfl ow to established networks of streetscape swales and treatment wetlands will clean the wastewater through sustainable practices in order to have water that can be safely returned to the wetlands without negatively impacting the ecosystem and the wetland fi shing industry.

Canal fl ood waters are an important component to the success of this community. An area across the canal from San Cristobal has been implemented to contain fl ood storage through releasing locks. An open space along the canal edge has been implemented to produce a fl ood protection buffer to divert fl ash fl ooding waters away from the urban center through the use of reinforced gabion fl ood walls. When water levels reach capacity in the canal they will spill over into the open spaces. This triggers the fi rst indication that fl ood waters are rising and allows more time for residents to reposition themselves to safer land. Having this added time becomes crucial for adequate preparation and supplies that would be coming from out of the area.

LOCAL

As a local measure, redefi ning the urban framework to one that supports, protects and creates density in a centrally located area more suitable for higher densities and local services becomes critical for success. Placing local goods and services in locations that are ideal for pre-disaster and post-disaster are the backbone to this community and its continued growth. These urban cores should connect and support the connection between the towns of San Cristobal, Higueratal, and Las Cruces. Identifying and designating “destination zones” centrally located for easy accessibility for all residents to access in times of a disaster.

LIFESTYLE

Develop sustainable practices for agriculture and fi sheries to a system that incorporates raising agriculture fi elds and fl oating fi sheries to allow for minimal damage to land during disasters minimizing recovery periods post-disaster. A consideration to agriculture being better suited to the possibility of water inundation can reduce crop loss during disasters due to the adaptation of the crops to fully saturated water conditions.

Locating and developing local industries to include technologies of harvesting new building materials and sustainable energy from the surrounding environment will add economic value while encouraging an adaptive lifestyle with nature. Methods for development can include silt collection from the canal which can be used along with agricultural waste in the production of straw bale for building construction. By developing the resources of hydroelectric, solar, and/or biomass for the use of energy, one creates a local, sustainable, and reliable source for energy for all stages of disaster.

PLANNING INTERVENTION

FRESHWATER PRESERVE

GABION WALL

FLOATING BEDS

041386CO4

Page 5

ARCHITECTURE INTERVENTION

The two primary architectural strategies are to protect the inhabited ground plane of the structure and create a vertical core of daily functional necessities.

HEARTH

With an immediate emphasis on preparing for the next possible fl ood, the fi rst stage of development is to reinforce the existing buildings and houses in San Cristobal. This initial reinforcement will then be used as a basis for the future development of the city. The basis behind this development is to create a condensed structure which provides the functional necessities for sustainable living. In common historic and modern usage, a hearth is a fi replace or oven often used for cooking and/or heating. For centuries, the hearth was considered an integral part of a home, often its central or most important feature. Our proposal involves taking the traditional “hearth” (cooking, heating) and enhancing it to serve as much more, such as:

• Water Collection & Storage• Clean water fi ltration• Solar Collection• Safe Storage• Shelter• Livestock storage• Vegetation• Emergency Beacon• Telecommunication• Modular growth potential• Individual and Community identity

It is a vertical, modular structure which can adapt to the scale of a residential house, a civic building, a cluster of buildings, or as free standing. The structure of the hearth is a simple, but structurally sound reinforced concrete frame. It draws infl uence from the existing water tower in San Cristobal. Over top of the frame, it can be enclosed with a variety of lightweight, local materials and encouraged as a method for individual expression.

The “Hearth” can be described as fi tting into two primary categories: Residential and Civic. Their basic premise is the same, buts their scale and some its functions may vary.

041386CO4

Page 6

1. REINFORCE & PREPARE

Engagement

NETWORKS FOR RELIEF

To implement a successful integrated fl ood risk management plan, it is critical for the engagement group to identify disaster relief agencies within the Colombian government on the national, regional and local level, as well as international non-government organizations (NGOs), home-country relief teams and local aid groups, in order to coordinate and execute effective planning, design and engagement solutions for the fl ood victims of San Cristobal.

The Risk Management Directorate (Direccion de Gestion del Riesgo or DGR) serves as the central response authority and national platform for disaster risk management in Colombia. Under the DGR’s authority, the National Unit for Disaster Risk Management (UNGRD) directs the implementation of disaster risk management and coordinates the National System for Disaster Management and Prevention (SNPAD), which manages overall responsibility for risk mitigation and prevention, and emergency response and rehabilitation.

Colombia Humanitaria, a new government-run mechanism that mobilizes fund from public and private sectors, responds to humanitarian relief. Colombia Humanitaria works concurrently with the SNPAD in appropriating funds and resources to Colombia’s fl ood-stricken departments and municipalities. Presidential Agency for Social Action and International Cooperation (Acción Social) serves as government interface with foreign assistance and coordinates with the international NGOs such as United Nations Offi ce of Humanitarian Coordination Agency (UN OCHA) and the UN Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). The NGO home-country teams and local aid relief partners work with the Colombian government’s Regional Committees for the Prevention and Attention of Disasters (CREPADs) at a departmental level and the Local Committees for Disaster Prevention and Assistance (CLOPADs) at municipal level to allocate and deploy resources and assistance where it is most needed and avoid duplication.

During the Preparation Stage, approximately eight months before the rainy season commences, the engagement group will coordinate the Bolivar Department CREPADs, presided by Governor Juan Carlos Gossain, and the San Cristobal CLOPADs led by Mayor Adalberto Casti, to understand the regional and municipal support currently available in region, assess existing resources and infrastructural conditions, as well as evaluate the present NGO participation in the area.

ORGANIZE COMMUNITY LEADERS

At the local level, it is imperative for the team to immediately identify community leaders in San Cristobal, such as Mayor Adalberto Casti and municipal leaders, the clergy and church leaders, the local police force, teachers, local sports teams, community clubs and other recognized San Cristobal organizations and vocal citizens. These individuals will serve as liaisons between the general San Cristobal population and the engagement group, San Cristobal CLOPAD and local relief groups throughout entire preparation, survival, relief, reconstruction and long-term development process. The National Training Service Authority (SENA) is responsible for developing training programs for CREPADs, CLOPADs, and international NGOs to prepare Colombia for future fl ooding disasters at a national, regional and local scale. The engagement group strongly advises these training programs be implemented between February and September for fl ood preparation, evacuation training, relief assessment and reconstruction, especially for the local leaders identifi ed by the engagement group. These individuals will serve as role models of fl ood preparation and survival to the overall community.

COMMUNITY VENUE

The planning group will determine a community venue at a destination zone to serve as the “safe haven” and will function as the primary headquarters for communication. The “destination/safe haven” will provide physical access for community to receive news and information disseminated by various government organizations, food & aid relief organizations, public health authorities and emergency/rescue services.

INTERVENTION TIMELINE

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

PRIVATE SECTOR UNITED NATIONS

NGOOTHERSORGANIZATIONSINDIVIDUALS

COMMUNITYLEADERS STAKEHOLDERS

LABORERS

- DGR- UNGRD- SNPAD- SENA

- Colombia Humanitaria- Ministry of Interior

Environment, Houseing Territorial Devlp.

Health + Social Security

- CLOPADs- CREPADs- INCODER- Accion Social

- UN OCHA- UN CERF- UNICEF- UNHCR- WFP

- Aguas de Colombia Ltda- Xylem Watermark- Kellogg’s Corp Citizenship Fund- Unilever

- WHO- FAO- PAHO- UNDP- IOM

- IFRC- Accion- OxFam- Colombian Red Cross- Plan International- Genesis Foundation- ShelfterBox- Pan-American Devlp. Foundation- MercyCorp- AmeriCares

- USAID- Swedish Int. Devlp. Agency- Catholic Relief Services- Lutheran World Relief- Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria- Dialogo Inter-Agencial en Colombia C O M M U N I T Y

RELIEF NETWORKS

ADAPTED FROM ABARQUEZ AND MURSHED 2004; 19.

EVACUATION PLAN

041386CO4

Page 7


PUBLIC INFORMATION CAMPAIGN

Raising fl ood awareness will be executed through multiple strategies to reach all demographics and sectors of San Cristobal. Public information campaigns will be initiated in the FLOOD PREPARATION PHASE between February and September. Due to limited access of mobile phones and televisions for the majority of the public, radios will play a key role in our fl ood awareness campaigns by providing the most up-to-date information about the weather/fl ood forecast, upcoming training seminars for home reinforcement, and learning strategies for fl ood preparation and survival.

The engagement group also recommends the development of a radio transmitted novella with a Colombian fl ood plot. A drama-based fl ood plot can capture the audience’s attention as entertainment, while also raising awareness of the upcoming fl ood season to the listeners. A similar campaign sponsored by BBC World Service’s educational education program, “New Home, New Life” proved successful in remote mountain villages throughout Afghanistan to promote disaster risk awareness for the fl ood-prone regions. The radio can also be used to conduct a town-wide scavenger hunt/race for the local youth in the community. This scavenger hunt/race will include a map course of various “destinations” throughout San Cristobal, designated by the planning group, to teach participants where fl ood preparation and relief services will be located throughout San Cristobal. This social engagement exercise educates children early on where to receive assistance. The group also recommends mandatory fl ood awareness education programs be incorporated into the academic curriculum for all grades of the San Cristobal Education System. Introducing fl ood preparation, survival, relief and avoidance at an early age and incorporating the programs into syllabuses for the student population will ensure future generations become more knowledgeable about the annual fl ood crisis and learn measures to prevent and prepare for the future. Flood awareness in the school systems will develop a fl ood resilient generation in San Cristobal capable of adapting to the various impacts of ongoing climate change.

Based on the diverse ecology of the San Cristobal region, the engagement group suggests creating a “frog mascot” as the fl ood awareness spokesperson for the community. Initially, the mascot will connect with the youth demographic and serve as a friendly icon and educator of fl ood awareness. Over time, the mascot can serve as a symbol of fl ood education and resilience to San Cristobal. The engagement group will utilize national and religious holidays, sporting events at the local baseball and soccer fi elds, cultural festivals and local carnivals as opportunities to capture the attention of a large portion of the community by setting up workshops, demonstrations and active vignettes for fl ood awareness and disaster preparation training. Training sessions will teach the local residents how to reinforce their homes, and workshops will engage local women through craft sessions for commodities such as hammocks, stools and “hearth” components, developed with the design team, that are critical to survival during the fl ood season. Engaging the community to participate in the fl ood preparation and relief activities provides inhabitants with a better understanding of why fl ood prevention training and exercises are necessary. Active participation develops a bond amongst contributors, which will prove crucial during times of crisis.

AWARENESS & WARNING SYSTEM

Promoting awareness, daily communication via the local radio station and through bulletin boards on public buildings will report the canal wall’s integrity, water level, predicted water level, and canal lock openings and closings. The engagement group hopes to incorporate this information into everyday life creating more awareness and connection to what the water is doing and how it could impact the town. This kind of information can help prevent panic and surprise situations and allow individuals to take precautionary measures as organized through appropriate training. The engagement group hopes to develop local experts who can assess, measure, and communicate pertinent information pertaining to the canal’s integrity and water levels.

The team plans on using public facilities and the local radio station as a key way to communicate correct information to the community to help reduce misinformation, and increase access and distribution of information, instructions, and warnings. When the publicly audible warning siren is used the community can tune into the radio station for more information, allowing authorities the ability to quickly disseminate information and instructions to everyone.

To aid in awareness, the engagement group proposes an audible disaster siren that can be heard throughout the region. This alarm will have different sounds to warn the town of potential fl ash fl oods, water topping the canal wall, and of catastrophic canal wall failure. This siren should be tested at least once a month at a regularly scheduled time to prevent panic.

Be

fore

R

ain

y S

ea

son

D i s a s t e r R e s p o n s e

Ca

na

l R

esp

on

seLe

vel 3

Leve

l 2Le

vel 1

S t o c k P i l e F o o d + Wa t e r

S e c u r eVa l u a b l e s

R e h e a r s eE v a c u a t i o n

E v a c u a t eE l d e r l y

C o r a l eL i v e s t o c k

C o h a b i t a t eH o m e s + S h e l t e r s

041386CO4

Page 8


Planning

CANAL EDGE

The design for the length of Canal del Dique incorporates an intensive planting of vetiver grass at the existing canal edge as a fi rst stage. Vetiver grass is used successfully to stabilize embankments and mitigate silt migration; this will prevent the catastrophic collapse of the canal walls which has been the main cause of the fl ooding in the town of San Cristobal. The reduction of silt being deposited into the canal will also reduce the frequency of which the canal needs to be dredged of sediment to maintain its capacity.

BEGIN TO BUILD STORM WATER BIO SWALES

Establishing storm water bioswales along the existing roadways will mitigate the problem of fl ooding due to heavy rain fall and return the water to the aquifer more quickly. This low impact design solution along with the successful reinforcing of the canal wall will help preserve some of the existing structures in San Cristobal.

SEWAGE TREATMENT The region does not have reliable sewage treatment or waste removal which results in the polluting of local water bodies causing health hazards to the residents and damaging the area’s ecology. The construction of urine diverted dehydration toilets (UDDT) can be built of cast concrete and would not require an extensive infrastructural sewage piping and a conventional treatment plant. In-ground sewage systems would be unusable during fl oods and would likely overfl ow and result in polluting of the waterways. UDDTs mounted on structures which can fl oat during a fl ood event are a hygienic, solution which can be implemented at low cost and using local labor and materials.

The sewage treatment of the solid waste is safe; ash is thrown over the solid waste after each use to eliminate smell and the attraction of fl ies. Once the 20 liter bucket is at capacity, it is capped and placed in the sun for a minimum of six months until the dangerous bacteria become inert at which time the waste can be used safely as fertilizer for the agricultural industry or biomass fuel.


During the “Reinforce and Prepare” period, a community wide network of UDDTs would be deployed to Destination points, shelters, and civic buildings to ensure that the entire population has access to sanitation.

EVACUATION PLAN, DESTINATION POINTS AND SHELTERS

An Evacuation plan would be developed to establish safe routes to Destination Points throughout the neighborhoods and Shelters at high ground which would have access to emergency services and reliable information. The Destination Points and shelters will have Hearths which are the critical services supplies and information units that have been developed by the architecture team.

BUILD LOCAL RADIO TOWER

A local radio tower will be erected to facilitate reliable information to as many people as possible regarding disaster

041386CO4

Page 9


Architecture

R1 – EXISTING RESIDENTIAL TYPOLOGY

To protect the inhabited ground level of the existing house, a water resistant base coursing around the perimeter is used to mitigate water infi ltration. Combined with sandbags and plywood around the openings, this can provide as a baseline resistance measure against moderate level fl oods. At this point, the hearth is introduced as an attachment to the house.

Locating the hearth beside the house can be fl exible towards owner preference and site conditions. However, since the kitchen primarily serves as providing functional necessities to the house, it is economical to build it as an extension to the kitchen. Therefore the hearth can feed directly into the functional necessity of the house.

C1 – EXISTING CIVIC TYPOLOGY

The same basic principles of a resistant base coursing and a hearth can be established among various civic buildings (schools/community center/market). The difference here is scale. The “Hearth” at the civic scale can serve more as a beacon to the town for identity, education, resources, and emergency preparedness.


R1 – EXISTING RESIDENTIAL TYPOLOGY

C1 – EXISTING CIVIC TYPOLOGY

041386CO4

Page 10


2. PRE-DISASTER

Engagement

RESPONSE SERVICES

As the rainy season begins and water levels begin to rise along the canal, the community must shift to pre-disaster planning. At this stage, all of the response services should have been placed throughout the town by the planning group. These services will include clinics, which should deploy additional medical providers; and where medical services are lacking, mobile health units. In addition, the architecture group who has been building the hearths should have completed work and stock them with water and food reserves.

Floatable sanitation units, and fl oatable toilet barges should be deployed and monitored. This will provide adequate temporary sanitation measures during the disaster event. The civic buildings in the designated shelter area of town should prepare to receive displaced residents. NGO’s and other relief agents should establish base in this area and nearby locations. Local governance should coordinate with aid agencies ensuring that all NGOs and other providers are cooperating so as not to duplicate aid efforts.

As a means of transportation during the fl ood event, canoes should be placed throughout the town. Their use has been demonstrated through multiple years of fl ood events and should remain an integral of the community’s lifestyle during the fl ood event.

DISASTER RESPONSE PLAN

Over the course of the past few months, the engagement group will have prepared with the inhabitants an appropriate disaster response plan. The fi rst three stages of this response plan should be initiated before the rainy season begins. This includes: stockpiling of food and water reserves; securing valuables within ones homes; and rehearsing the evacuation plan. Families that have been paired to cohabitate in the reinforced homes should begin meet weekly, possibly over meals to create familiarity, trust, and comfortablity.

As the rainy season turns to fl oods and the canal level rises the three levels of the evacuation plan begins. The fi rst stage is that of voluntary evacuations. This will include moving all elderly and otherwise marginalized individuals to the civic buildings in the shelter zone. This will ensure that they will receive proper care by medical providers, social counseling as needed, and appropriate support during the disaster.

Level two, as the canal water level continues to rise, farmers should corral their livestock to predetermined, designated higher grounds. Level three occures when water level begins to rise along the new berms, leading to mandatory evacuation. At this stage, everyone must engage in cohabitations. Families who have agreed to live together should join in the reinforced homes. Those who are without a reinforced home should gather at the shelter centers, as well as any other individuals who are in need of appropriate habitation throughout the disaster event.

EVACUATION PATHS

Proper evacuation pathways have been designated by the planning group. They have illustrated the fl ood zone, indicating path of travel for people move towards the central zone as a primary means to reach higher ground. The lights on top of the hearths should lead the way throughout the event, fl ashing for those in the primary pathway to higher ground. Audible sirens will be initiated from civic buildings to signal the need for mandatory and immediate evacuation of at-risk homes.

Planning

CANAL EDGE

Results of regular testing of water levels along the length of the canal should be reported on the local radio station and posted at the Destination Points. Strawbales made from collected silt and agricultural waste can be erected as temporary dams to channel water away from densely populated areas.

AGRICULTURE

All vulnerable mature crops should be harvested at this time and livestock should be moved adjacent to high ground.

Architecture

One of the functional necessities of the “Hearth” is to help mitigate the disastrous effects fl oods can cause to buildings and lifestyles. It is intended that by this point, the “hearth” has been constructed and populated with uses.

In preparation of a pending fl ood, the “Hearth” can be stocked with food and water, as well as storage for valuable goods. The perimeter openings can be sandbagged and boarded up. The Civic building “hearth” is to be stocked in preparation for cohabitation.

041386CO4

Page 11


3. DISASTER EVENT

Engagement

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

During the disaster event, all families and individuals should remain within their homes and shelter centers as much as possible. Cohabitation exercises should be in place, and shelter centers receiving and rescuing anyone in need. Emergency relief agencies should be moving throughout the city to ensure all homes have been evacuated and help all residents in need to receive assistance.

There should be accessible healthcare to the entire community. Food and water reserves should be distributed through the duration of the fl ood event, reinforcing provision within the hearth, as longer events will need appropriate coverage. General counseling and healthcare should be made available to all families, children, and adults to ensure they maintain healthy mind and body throughout the crisis. Floatable sanitation units should be serviced to ensure proper sanitation.

Active communications should be ongoing throughout the disaster event. Relief agents must be able to coordinate with each other and governmental bodies. On the radio, there should be consistent updates of weather conditions, levels of the canal, and the resources that are available for assistance. Positive reminders should inform inhabitants of the effectiveness of steps taking with advice of what is to come. Relief agents should be readying shelter tents for deployment upon the remission of fl ood waters.

Architecture

During the event of a fl ood disaster, the hearth serves as a safeguard for food, water, and valuable storage. In destination zones where people would gather during a fl ood, the hearth can provide the basic resources needed to survive. It also serves as beacon tower which gives indication that this is in fact where people should head to during a disaster.

INFOSURHOY.COM

041386CO4

Page 12


4. RELIEF

Engagement

SHELTER

With water subsiding, relief activities may begin between the engagement group, planning and architectural group. The proper implementation of the Disaster Relief Plan should provide for survival needs including food, water, counsel, health care and shelter along with the coordination of relief agents. At this stage, shelters for individual families should be deployed in the higher grounds designates as a shelter zone. Cohabitation should end: individuals staying in the civic buildings and families living in reinforced homes should move to newly deployed shelters and tents. NGOs and relief agents may establish based in the civic center as a central resource to all. Social, healthcare, nutrition, and sanitation engagement should continue to reinforce already established practices.

LIVELIHOODS

In order to return to a sense of normalcy, the engagement group must attempt to stabilize livelihoods. Relief support should be used to subsidize the reconstruction of homes, providing jobs for local workers, improving construction methodologies, and increasing general capacity. Workshops may be held in the civic center to train men and women in general construction means, organizes crafts, and providing new shelters and housing for those in need. This not only provides a means to reinforce the town during the relief stage but also offers the opportunity to develop new trades and techniques that are to be introduced for ongoing development.

CHILD FRIENDLY SPACES

Child Friendly Spaces should allow a stabilization of children’s environment. The reinforced school building should have been able to mitigate the storm event and return to session in partial capacity or alternative schedules (primary classes – mornings; secondary classes – afternoons, etc…). This phase of relief ends the major interventions of the fi rst year of engagement, but all of the interventions lay the foundations for the ongoing development that is now to begin.

CHILDVIEW.WORLDVISION.CA

SHELTERS - INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES (IFRC)

TRAINING SESSION - INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES (IFRC)

041386CO4

Page 13

Planning

After the fl ooding occurs, there will be the need for damage assessment, restoration of critical services and clean up. Clogged swales and drains will be cleared to allow for the free fl ow of water as it is likely to continue raining. Land rehabilitation will take the form of cleaning, clearing, urban areas, transportation routes and agricultural land.

SILT COLLECTION

Silt should be collected as a part of the cleanup effort. The silt can be used to produce straw bales which will be used during rebuilding and it can be used for raised bed agriculture. The silt can be collected in sediment traps or silt collectors, these devices work by slowing down the silt laden canal water and detaining this water to allow the silt to settle out.

RAISED BED AGRICULTURE

Raised bed agriculture in areas prone to fl ooding allows silt to be used as a nutrient rich planting media, this aids in the clearing of fl ooded savannah and renders the crops resistant to a minimum amount of fl ooding. Archeologists have found evidence of Pre-columbian raised bed farming in this area by the indigenous Zuna societies in Momposina.

Architecture

Post disaster, the resources stored in both the residential and civic hearth will help aid recovery. Food, fresh water, power, small livestock, stored tools, and hammocks are examples of what can be stored safely during a fl ood. The hearth itself can be transformed into a temporary shelter which can assist in cohabitation.


SHELTERBOX TENT

041386CO4

Page 14


5. DEVELOPMENT

Engagement

NETWORKS FOR DEVELOPMENT

In order to enact long-term development, a major priority is to identify the networks of support that may fund or incentivize programs for progress, and align methods for support with the governmental policies for implementation. International organizations may support improvements, but the key is developing local capacity. International organizations must work with the national organizations which in turn may develop localized branches for the execution of development plans. Community networks should be intimately involved in this process, creating jobs out of funding resources and creating a sense of empowerment and responsibility for the direction of the town.

While the Colombian Government’s mechanisms for directing relief and recovery aid retain the greatest amount of funds and infl uence for rebuilding post-disaster, third party regulators such as Refugees Internationals, have noted signifi cant delays in government aid due to administrative barriers and minimal coordination between the existing NGOs and Colombia Humanitaria. In order for San Cristobal to evolve into disaster resilient community, communication and coordination amongst all government entities and NGOs at every level must be addressed. Signifi cant collaborative engagement between relief/recovery groups (government, NGOs, private sector) and the affected citizens of San Cristobal is critical to develop a successful, long-term strategy customized to specifi cally address the needs of the community.

Where local networks do not currently exist, it is essential to support the creation of such agencies or leaders. Agencies for development should incentivize growth, but success is determined when local economies can support themselves during stable months of the year and throughout disaster events.

RISK MANAGEMENT DIRECTORATE / DGRCOLOMBIAN GOVERNMENT CENTRAL RESPONSE AUTHORITY

INTERNATIONAL NGOSINTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF

RED CROSS + RED CRESENT (IFRC) / INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR THE

DEVELOPMENT OF PEOPLES (CISP) / OXFAM

COLOMBIA HUMANITARIA(HUMANITARIAN RELIEF)

ADAPTION FUND(REHABILITATION & RECONSTRUCTION)

NATIONAL NGOSFUNDACIÓN MARIO SANTO DOMINGO / GENESIS FOUNDATION / PIES DESCALZOS FOUNDATION /

COLNODO

NATIONAL UNIT FOR DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT / UNGRD

NATIONAL SYSTEM FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT &

PREVENTION / SNPAD

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF MINISTRIESMINISTRY OF INTERIOR / MINISTRY OF DEFENSE / MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, HOUSING AND

TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT / MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT / MINISTRY

OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL SECURITY

NGO HOME-COUNTRY TEAMSUNITED NATIONS CENTRAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE FUND (UN CERF) / COLOMBIAN RED CROSS (CRC) /

LOCAL UN HUMANITARIAN TEAMS / HABITAT FOR HUMANITY COLOMBIA

DEPARTMENTS & MUNICIPALSREGIONAL COMMITTEES FOR THE PREVENTION AND

ATTENTION OF DISASTERS (CREPADS) LOCAL COMMITTEES FOR DISASTER PREVENTION AND

ASSISTANCE (CLOPADS)

LOCAL / GROUND-LEVEL RELIEF MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF SAN CRISTOBAL / COMMUNITY LEADERS / LOCAL POLICE / CHURCHES /

SCHOOLS / HOSPITALS / COMMUNITY CENTERS /LOCAL AID GROUPS

PRIVATE SECTORAGUAS DE COLOMBIA LTDA / GRUPO ODINSA / GLOBAL

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PLC

PRESIDENTIAL AGENCY FOR SOCIAL ACTION AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION / ACCIÓN SOCIALCOLOMBIAN GOVERNMENT INTERFACE WITH FOREIGN ASSISTANCE

PRIMARY INTERNATIONAL NGOUNITED NATIONS OFFICE COORDINATION OF

HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS (UN OCHA) / UNITED NATIONS HUMANITARIAN COUNTRY TEAM (UN HCT)

041386CO4

Page 15

SERVICES

Services Condition / Diagnose Intervention / Solution International Partnership National Partnership Local Partnership Indicator

Food

Local agriculture and fi sheries main source of food.

Low yields of crops.

Insuffi cient fi shing arti-sanal exploitation

Low productivity of livestock due to low technological level.

Water pollution for ir-rigation.

Promote of modern farming techniques.

Comprehensive diversity and variety of crops.

Investigate crops resis-tant to fl ood, absorptive to water.

Develop an irrigation system.

Training on proper use of soil.

Repair and reinvigorate fi sheries.

Generate sustainable fi shing farming.

Implement sustainable pasture system.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

World Food Program.

Oxfam.

International Federa-tion of Red Cross.

Action against Hunger.

Colombia Humanitaria

Colombian Red Cross

Food Security Network/ReSA (program from Department of Social Prosperity, promot-ing healthy eating and conditions of consump-tion, use of food and local products to reduce hunger and poverty)

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (INCODER)

INCODER promotes aquaculture in San Cris-tobal Bolivar (tilapia)

Nutrition rates.

Improved population health.

Diversity and variety of crops.

Increased market share.

Quality of crop.

Fisheries volume.

Productivity of live-stock.

041386CO4

Page 16


Potable Water

Water pollution.

Low service coverage.

Poor quality of water

Formulation & implementation of comprehensive water resource management.

Provide solutions for treatment of drinking wa-ter and waste treatment.

Offer basic sanitation education.

World Bank.

Xylem Watermark.

Catholic Relief Ser-vices

Lutheran World Relief

OxFam

USAID

Ministry of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development.

Water Resources Group

The Vice-Ministry of Water and Sanitation, within the Ministry of Environment

Potable Water and Ba-sic Sanitation Regula-tion Commission (CRA)

Superintendence of Residential Public Ser-vices (SSPD)

Aguas de Colombia LTDA

Mercy Corp (NGO arm for Xylem Watermark)

Aguayuda (Maryland-based NPO)

Asoagua Espnit

Quality of water.

Water borne disease rate.

Sewage conveyance and treatment.


Health Care

Low health service coverage, due to a poor infrastructure.

Local hospitals provide outpatient and simple surgeries.

In rural areas health care is virtually nonex-istent.

Extensive health system coverage.

Create programs of mobile heath units.

Ensure coverage to the population specially the most vulnerable population.

Improve sanitation practices.

Provide immunization and nutrition of children.

World Health Organization.

Pan-American Health Organization.

UNICEF

Red Cross

Doctors without Borders

AmeriCares

Ministry of Social Protection and Territorial Health.

Colombian Family Welfare Institute.

Regional Hospital of San Rogue UOL at Sector Square.

Decline in mortality rate.

Reduction of infectious and respiratory illnesses.

Keep medical records.

SERVICES

041386CO4

Page 17

SERVICES


Education

High levels of literacy.

Low average number of years of education.

Lack of infrastructure.

Provide and promote education.

Build schools.

Develop and update education programs for preschool, primary, secondary, technical and vocational.

Provides education subsidies and direct monetary support for children in situations of displacement/ indige-nous families/benefi ciary mothers.

Foment enrollment.

UNICEF

International Committee of the Red Cross

Ministry of Education.

Genesis Foundation

National Learning Service.

Local school.

Church.

SENA.

Mayor of San Cristobal.

Aquaculture Technical Educational Institution San Cristobal, Bolivar.

Families in Action.

Literacy rates.

Attendance rates.

Years of schooling.

College attendance.

Employment rate.

Enrollment levels.


SanitationLow knoledgement

and practice of hygiene standards

Provide training and workshops throghout the community



UNICEF

Red Cross

Doctors without Borders

AmeriCares


Colombian Family Welfare Institute.

Regional Hospital of

San Rogue UOL at Sector Square.

Mayor of San Cristobal.


041386CO4

Page 18

SERVICES


Waste Collection

Low sewage service coverage.

Reduced waste Collection service in polulated areas non existen in rural locations.

Water pollution.

Decline of the fi shery potential & wildlife.

High risks of acquiring diseases.

Reduced wildlife population.

Formulation & implementation of comprehensive waste management programs.

Provide alternative solutions for of waste treatment.

Provide a reliable and affordable service to the community.

Offer basic sanitation education.



UNICEF

Red Cross


San Cristobal Municipality – Secretary of Government.

Quality of water.

Water borne disease rate.



Electricity

Good service coverage.

Frequent interruptions.

High fees

Management defi ciencies.

Expansion of coverage to rural areas.

Improve distribution.

Improve operations.

Education programs.

Explore Hydro-electric in use of locks; biomass, solar at home scale.

Global Energy Development PLC.

Ministry of Mines and Energy.

Unidad Planeacion Minero Energetica (UPME)

Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia.

Reliability.

Coverage.

041386CO4

Page 19


Shelter

Provide temporary safe housing and permanent disaster resilient homes.

Hearth

Relocating families in inhabitable fl ood zones to temporary shelter.

Transition to stable permanent housing.

Train to design/build disaster resilient homes.

United Nations Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs


Shelter Box

Infrastructure and Housing programDepartment for Social Prosperity - DPS

Colombia Humanitaria

Colombian Red Cross

Urban Land Management Plan Program by Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development

IDP rate / urban development rate


Training

Region requires training in a wide range of disciplines.

Agriculture

Fishing

Environmental

Natural resources

Construction

Ecotourism

Sanitation

Develop training programs.

Vocational

Technical

Promote

United Nations Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs


Colombian Red Cross

UNGRD

SNPAD

SENA

CREPAD

CLOPAD


Improve of productivity.

Expand business activities.

Increase earnings.

SERVICES

041386CO4

Page 20

SERVICES


Community Building Infrastructure

Low number of civil organizations.

Lack of community infrastructure.

Basic public services.

Need of large scale temporary shelter for emergencies.

Provide community facilities.

Develop program to offer governmental services to the area.

Generate community groups and provide infrastructure.

United Nations Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.

Ministry of Commerce Industry and Tourism.

Ministry of Culture.

Municipality of San Cristobal.

Church.

Community Center.

Juntas de Accion Comunal.

Cultural and religious festivals, cuisine, ethnic communities.

Local and national services.

Tight community.

Cooperation for development.


Culture

Community has rich and strong culture.

Defi ciencies of infrastructure to support cultural exchange.

Generate programs for interaction and cooperation through opportunities to reinforce identity.

Enjoy cultural, sports, recreational and leisure time expressions in conditions of equity and respect for diversity.

UNESCOMinistry of Culture.

Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism.


Increase of number of cultural events.

Participation rate.

Increased tourism


Construction Methodology

Utilization of local resources

Fosters closed material loops and eliminates waste; further capacity to grow and use resources;

Encourage dirt/clay use;

Dreging canal for resources; introduce effi cient techniques

Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism;

WWF Colombia (program offi ce, working to reforestation/FSC)

Acceptance of use, management, and production; new materials;

Progress in construction

041386CO4

Page 21


Natural Resources

Water pollution.

Decline of the fi shery potential & wildlife.

High risks of acquiring diseases.

Drainage of swamps.

Increased sediment downstream.

Deforestation for agricultural and pastoral use.

Degradation of soils.

Uncontrolled hunting.

Reduced wildlife population.

Development of conservation policies.

Educate and enforce strategies.

Revive and reinforce the native landscape resiliency.

Promote eco-tourism.

Replenish fi sheries.

World Bank

Adaptation Fund

International Conservation

The Nature Conservancy

WWF

Ministry of Environment, Housing, and Territorial Development.

National Parks Conservation Association.

OpEPA.


Soil, water, air quality.

Wildlife population.

Ecotourism rate and profi tability.

Awareness community

Resiliency

SERVICES

041386CO4

Page 22


Planning

CANAL EDGE

The long term design for the length of Canal del Dique incorporates an intensive planting of vetiver grass at the existing canal edge and at the newly created secondary canal wall 50 meters parallel to create a fl ood protection buffer. The 50 meter wide zone will act as a very visible early warning sign to warn of an impending fl ood, it is a storage basin between the existing and new canal wall which will divert canal water from the town through a linear constructed wetland to treat the canal water. The water will pass through terraces to oxygenate the nutrient rich water and reduce suspended solids before releasing the water into the two existing wetlands north and the open space along the canal edge will provide various purposes from recreational to providing a preliminary fl ood zone and initial alert for disaster. Stabilization through grasses on the canal edge and gabion walls on the second edge help mitigate heavy fl ood conditions from entering into more dense areas in town. Diversion of the fl ood water to designated wetlands surrounding the town will allow for more time for people to evacuate to another location that isn’t as heavily populated.

At the north edge of the canal, a green industry zone is created to allow for micro hydro turbines to create electricity. This is also where the majority of the silt collection will occur and the manufacturing of straw bales for construction. As a long term strategy an overfl ow lock on the north side of the canal can create a sizeable overfl ow outlet for fl ood waters.

By providing a sustainable urban core located east-west in the center of the town allows for services to be located on higher land less susceptible to fl ood waters allowing them to better serve and provide for residents during disaster conditions. While including swales along streets to divert water to designated areas outside of the town and in the process fi ltering the water to be useful for agriculture.

50 METER WIDE ZONE

CONSTRUCTED WETLAND

MICRO HYDRO TURBINES

OVERFLOW LOCK

041386CO4

Page 23


AQUATIC AGRICULTURE

Farming on fl oating beds is an established practice in other communities especially in southeast Asia. This form of farming is fl ood resistant and does not require the clearing of forests to create more farm land.

ECOTOURISM AND AQUA COMMUNITIES

A singular characteristic of this area is that it is at the location of three large fresh water lakes, Ciénaga de Capote, Embalse del Guajaro, Ciénaga de Jobo. This area can be developed as a destination for ecotourists to visit and for scientists to study the varied and unique ecosystem.

Ecotourism and aqua communities provide a recreational and economical attribute to the town that will allow residents to sustain the environment and the community. The aqua community will include fl oating residences, elevated boardwalks, and informative nodes and destinations all developed and located to not impede on the sensitive ecosystem. While during non-fl ood months this area and buildings can serve as the infrastructure needed for tourists, these structures can serve a dual purpose as viable shelters as these facilities will fl oat with rising fl ood waters.

FLOATING BEDS

FLOATING BEDS

ECOTOURISM

AQUA COMMUNITIES

041386CO4

Page 24


Architecture

The Hearth is not meant as a one time, one size implementation. It is meant fi rst to provide San Cristobal with an immediate access to these functions, alongside with preparing for a possible fl ood in the near future. It is then through this framework, which new development can integrate the “Hearth” as part of the structure of the building.

With existing buildings, the strategy was to reinforce the base against water and build an attachment of functional necessities. For future development, the basic principles apply, but the strategy evolves. Rather than to try and block water from getting into the building, the new building typology begins to rise off the ground and let water pass through below. Also, the “hearth” no longer becomes an attachment to the building, but rather integrated into the construction on the new development.

R2 – RESISTIVE RESIDENTIAL TYPOLOGY

In areas of potential fl ood plains, this typology raises the house 2 to 4 feet above ground.

R3 – ADAPTIVE RESIDENTIAL TYPOLOGY

In areas of existing fl ood plains, the adaptive typology lifts the house up on piers. If water is not occupying these areas, the area can be usable underneath the house.

C2 & C3 – ADAPTIVE/RESISTIVE CIVIC TYPOLOGY

By lifting the primary level of the civic building, a usable space is established below. This typology utilizes a raised pier system regardless of if it is in a potential or existing fl ood plain. This way, the lower level can be utitlzed as a function space for a majority of the year, and if a disastrous fl ood hits, its upper level will remain the safest place for people to gather.

R2 – RESISTIVE RESIDENTIAL TYPOLOGY

C2 & C3 – ADAPTIVE/RESISTIVE CIVIC TYPOLOGY

R3 – ADAPTIVE RESIDENTIAL TYPOLOGY

041386CO4

Page 25


R4 – RESIDENTIAL CLUSTER In existing models of dense urban living, multiple living units are fed off of a primary core of services. The introduction of the hearth in San Cristobal can help serve as the pivot point from which densifi cation can cluster around. Rather than one hearth per home, it becomes more economical and sustainable for one hearth so serve multiple families. Clustered growth around the hearth can move both horizontally and vertically.

C4 – CIVIC CLUSTER/MIXED USE

The same strategy applies here. However, clustering these kinds of the buildings can enrich primary communal and business centers. There is the opportunity to mix in residential here, as well.

R5 & C5 – HYBRID TYPOLOGY

As part of the development strategy to keep the inhabited ground level dry, the next level is to have the buildings fl oat. The hearth could serve as the anchor from which the building could pivot on depending on the water level. There is a great opportunity to create an aspect of eco-tourism out of this. However, this could eventually serve as a means for living. It is a practice already seen in other areas of the world.

R4 – RESIDENTIAL CLUSTER R5 & C5 – HYBRID TYPOLOGY

041386CO4

Page 26

CONCLUSION

INSTITUTIONALIZATION

The long term goals for the communities of San Cristobal, Higueratal, and Las Cruces is to help the communities stay in this region and allow them to thrive in their quality of life and the health of the regional ecology which are so closely tied. The most important long term indicator is successful institutionalization of the proposed measures of intervention, plus new and expanded services. The successful achievement of the Millennium Development Goals will demonstrate a sustainable condition whereby the Municipality of San Cristobal may be self-suffi cient.

MILLENIUM GOALS

1. Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger,

2. Achieving universal primary education,

3. Promoting gender equality and empowering women,

4. Reducing child mortality rates,

5. Improving maternal health,

6. Combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases,

7. Ensuring environmental sustainability, and resiliency in a

changing climate

8. Developing a global partnership for development,

In addition to the Millennium Goals, the combination of design and engagement in this submission strives to envision a future that will link the past and present with a thriving self-manifestation of this community and region. The broad goals of the proposed process and spaces are to fortify the positive aspects of the existing social and cultural networks and traditions while creating a foundation for long term growth and an emerging empowering regional identity.

emerger: crecimiento colectivo a traves de …...041386co1 500 m 1 km0 eco tourism future expansion...

Documents