emergency power presentation3

8/10/2019 Emergency Power Presentation3

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Emergency Back-up Power Generation

for Water & Wastewater Facilities


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Copyright 2006 Advanced Power Technologies, Inc. www.aptinc.net

Emergency Back-up power sources

Multiple utility feeds On site emergency power sources

Diesel powered generator sets

Natural Gas generator sets Bi-fuel generator sets

Gas Turbines


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Multiple Utility Feeds

Pros Majority of the equipment is owned and maintained by

the utility company.

Lowest cost per kWh produced during outage of theprimary feed.

Cons

Susceptibility to failure during natural disaster higher

due to failure upstream.


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Multiple Utility Feeds


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Diesel Powered Generator Sets

Pros Reliable technology

High power density

On site fuel storage Cost per kW installed

Cons

High cost of fuel per kWh produced Emissions


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Natural Gas Powered Generator Sets

Pros Low cost of fuel per kWh produced

Emissions

Cons Less reliable source of fuel during natural disasters

Inferior transient response

Cost per kW installed


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Natural Gas Turbines

Pros High power density

Better transient response than Natural gas engines

Cons Less reliable source of fuel during natural disasters

Higher cost per kW installed

Power output is temperature dependent


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Power Source Summary

Diesel Nat. Gas Bi-fuel

Gas

TurbinesPower

Density*** * ** ****

Emissions * **** ** ***

Installed

cost**** ** *** *

Fuel cost * **** ** ***

Transient

response*** * *** ****


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Power System Design Considerations

Small power systems (


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Contactor Based ATS

Readily Available Inexpensive

Open Transition

Requires externalprotection

circuit breakers

fuses

NORMAL

SOURCEOF POWER

CONTACTORTYPE ATS

EMERGENCYSOURCE OF

POWER

NORMALCIRCUIT

BREAKER

EMERGENCYCIRCUITBREAKER

OUTPUT TOCRITICAL LOADS


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time (approx. 15 sec.)+ generator startingGenerator start delay

Outputto load

0

rated

rated

rated

sourceEmergency

sourceNormal

0

0

V(voltage)

t (time)

ATS Operation (Loss of Normal Source)


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ATS Operation (Open Transition Return)

t (time)

(voltage)

0

0

rated

rated

rated

0

Outputto load

sourceEmergency

Normalsource

V Return to normaltime delay(5-30 min.)

Open transition

transfer time(.05 - 3 sec.)


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CRITICAL LOADS

NORMALCIRCUIT

BREAKER

OF POWERSOURCENORMAL

OUTPUT TO


OF POWER

EMERGENCYSOURCE

SOLIDSTATE

ATS

BREAKERCIRCUITOUTPUT

NORMALBYPASSCIRCUIT

BREAKER

EMERGENCYBYPASSCIRCUITBREAKER

Solid State ATS

Very Fast transfer (1/4 cycle)

Very expensive

Typically used to transfer

between 2 constantly

available sources


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NORMALSOURCE

OF POWER

EMERGENCY

SOURCE OFPOWER

NORMALCIRCUIT

BREAKER


OUTPUT TOCRITICAL LOADS

CIRCUITBREAKER

TYPE ATS

Automatic Transfer Switchboard

Familiar Circuit Breakertechnology

Open or Closed Transition

100msec or soft transfer

Active / Passive

Synchronization


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time (approx. 15 sec.)+ generator starting

Generator start delay

Outputto load

0

rated

rated

rated

sourceEmergency

sourceNormal

0

0

V(voltage)

t (time)

ATSB Operation (Loss of Normal Source)


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ATSB Operation (Closed Transition Return)

t (time)

(voltage)

0

0

rated

rated

rated

0

Outputto load

sourceEmergency

Normalsource

V Return to normaltime delay

(5-30 min.)

Synchronizationtime

Closed transitionre-transfer time(.1 - 300 sec.)


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Switchgear


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Automatic Transfer Switchgear

Integration ofemergency power

source into the plant

distribution switchgear


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Switchgear


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Switchgear

Back-up generation ready powerdistribution system design:

Provision for connection of generators

Equipment configuration Electrically operated circuit breakers, CTs, PTs and

other accessories.

Segregation of the load to allow cost effective load

shedding

Site physical layout


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Switchgear

Utility paralleling Load testing of generators

Peak shaving

Single large or Multiple small generators


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Peak Shaving

Utility Load Profile

MEGAW

ATTS

Customer Load Profile

Hours

5 10 15 20 250


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Peak Sharing

Utili ty Load Profile

MEGAW

ATTS

Customer Load Profile

Hours

5 10 15 20 250


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0200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0:00

2:00

4:00

6:00

8:00

10:00

12:00

14:00

16:00

18:00

20:00

22:00

EXPORTED

UTILITY

GEN

Baseload Control


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0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0:00

2:00

4:00

6:00

8:00

10:00

12:00

14:00

16:00

18:00

20:00

22:00

KILOWA

TTS

GEN

UTILITY

Import Control


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0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0:00

2:00

4:00

6:00

8:00

10:00

12:00

14:00

16:00

18:00

20:00

22:00

EXPORTEDSITE

Export Control


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SCADA System

Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition System visualization and remote control

Events and alarm logging

Email event notification

Historical data logging

Full access from remote location

Ethernet connection

Modbus TCP (port 502) interface

Http (port 80) web browser interface


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SCADA Interface


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Economics

Most common source of on-site emergencypower is diesel generator set.

Typical total cost of installed power system is

between $450 and $650 per kW Factors affecting installed cost include:

Power system voltage

Building or outdoor enclosed equipment

Fuel storage size and configuration

Specified equipment requirements


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Economics

Natural Gas Genset based system. Typical total cost of installed power system is

between $850 and $1200 per kW

Factors affecting installed cost include: Power system voltage

Building or outdoor enclosed equipment

Specified equipment requirements


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