Introduction

Sometimes a river receives a lot of extra water, either from lots of rain or other natural

disasters. When this happens, the water overflows from its normal path in the river bed and

possibly onto dry land. This is called a flood.During a flood, people should move themselves and

their most precious belongings to higher ground quickly. The process of leaving homes behind in

search of a safe place is called evacuation.

Flooding has many impacts. It damages property and endangers the lives of humans and

other species. Rapid water runoff causes soil erosion and concomitant sediment deposition

elsewhere (such as further downstream or down a coast). The spawning grounds for fish and

other wildlife habitats can become polluted or completely destroyed. Some prolonged high

floods can delay traffic in areas which lack elevated roadways. Floods can interfere with

drainage and economical use of lands, such as interfering with farming. Structural damage can

occur in bridge abutments, bank lines, sewer lines, and other structures within floodways.

Waterway navigation and hydroelectric power are often impaired. Financial losses due to floods are

typically millions of dollars each year, with the worst floods in recent U.S. history having cost

billions of dollars.

So, for our proposal, we focused on the effect that endangers the lives of human. We will

focus on survival during the flood or accidents which occur in deep water. The target is to reduce

the lost of life causes by drowning.

Study and Research

Drowning accounts for 75% of deaths in flood disasters. Flood disasters are becoming more

frequent and this trend is expected to continue. Drowning risks increase with floods particularly

in low- and middle-income countries where people live in flood prone areas and the ability to

warn, evacuate, or protect communities from floods is weak or only just developing.

Drowning itself is quick and silent, although it may be preceded by distress which is more visible

A person drowning is unable to shout or call for help, or seek attention, as they cannot obtain

enough air. The instinctive drowning response is the final set of autonomic reactions in the 20 – 60

seconds before sinking underwater, and to the untrained eye can look similar to calm safe

behavior. Lifeguards and other persons trained in rescue learn to recognize drowning people by

watching for these movements.

If you were to rank, by importance, the risk factors that contribute to drowning and near-drowning, the

list would look like this:

1. Inability to swim or overestimation of swimming capabilities

2. Risk-taking behavior

3. Trauma (such as a physical injury), seizures, stroke, heart attack or heart arrhythmia

4. "Shallow water blackout" in which swimmers hyperventilate in order to swim longer under

water. This can lead to a lack of oxygen in the brain and loss of consciousness.(7)

5. Hypothermia, or lowered body temperature. This can lead to heart arrhythmia and rapid

exhaustion.

Emergency Floating Device

There are few types of emergency personal floating device such as;

Buoyancy aid (foam core)

Life jacket

Survivor suit

Buoyancy compensator

their variations suited for particular purposes. They are most commonly made of a tough synthetic

fiber material encapsulating a source of buoyancy, such as foam or a chamber of air, and are often

brightly colored yellow or orange to maximize visibility for rescuers. Some devices consist of a

combination of both buoyancy foam and an air chamber. Retroreflective "SOLAS" tape is often sewn to

the fabric used to construct life jackets and PFDs to facilitate a person being spotted in darkness when a

search light is shone towards the wearer.

The device we’re proposing suitable for any situation involving water survival.

Material

For making a float we used hypalon material. Hypalon is trademark for chlorosulfonated

polyethylene (CSPE) synthethic rubber (CSM) noted for its resistance to chemicals, temperature

extreames and ultraviolet light. It was a product of Du Pont Performance Elastomer, a subsidiary

of Du Pont. The most important thing it is light compared other materials.

Along with PVC, CSM is one of the most common materials used to make inflatable boats and

folding kayaks. It is also used in roofing materials and as a surface coat materials on randomes

owing to its radar transparent quality.

features include: Flame resistance Excellent color stability Weather and abrasion resistance Low moisture absorption Good dielectric qualities High abrasion resistance Excellent resistance to oxidation and has outstanding resistance to atmospheric conditions

and in particular strong sunlight and ozone. Temperature Range: -35º C to +140º C. CSM compounds resist fire and are self extinguishing. Resistance to chemicals; resistant to most inorganic chemical products, good resistance to

general acids, oils and greases.

For a tracking device, we use GSM GPRS GPS Tracker

Features: 

Build-in GPS personal locator. GSM/SMS communication or GPRS TCP/UDP connection. Works worldwide. High sensitivity, New technology and latest GPS SiRF-Star

III chipset. Excellent for fixing the position even at a weak signal status. Works well even in areas with limited like urban canyons.  Support single location and continuous tracking. Support location triggered by tracker. Support location triggered by authorized cell phone. Support alarm and remote monitor. Support quick dialing buttons for 2 preset phone numbers. Support check location by SMS and Internet. Real-Time tracking Locate the locator holder by the mobile phone via SMS. SOS button send out exact location for immediate rescue/action. Geo-fencing to restrict movement to a defined radius. Compact size, and smaller than a name card Very Low power consumption. 2 Chargeable Changeable 3.7V 800mAh Li-ion batteries

included. Extremly long stadby time, up to 96 hours. Low power alert. Fast Signal Acquisition. 

Specifications:

Band: 900/1800/1900MHz Network: GSM/GPRS GPS Chip: SIRF3 Chip GPS Sensitivity: -159dBm GPS accuracy: 5m Time to First Fix: 45s (for Cold status); 35s (for Warm status); 1s (for Hot status) Wall Charger: 110-220V input 5V output (US standard) Battery: Chargeable Changeable 3.7V 800mAh Li-ion battery (2 batteries included) Standby Time: 96 hours Storage Temp: -40 Degree to +85 Degree Operation Temp: -20 Degree to +55 Degree Humidity: 5%--95% non-condensing Product dimensions: 64*45*15mm  Net weight: 50g

Production Cost

2 ×Hypalon fabrics (sizes 80cm * 80 cm) RM102.40

Garmin GTU tracking device RM 80.00

Rope RM 24.00

Total RM326.40

Advantages

Portable

People with different body size and type can use it as long as does not exceed limit

because it does not require the person to wear it, they need to hold to the rope.

The bright color and the tracking device can help tracking people during flood or

accidents.

Can be use for rescuing mission by throwing the bag, to drowning person with the rope

tied to it.

When compare to life jacket, this device is better because it has multi-function which is it

can be use as a bag, a personal emergency float and can also be use as a rescuing device.

The time taken to prepare it also shorter compare to life jacket where you need to wear it

properly.

Compare to other emergency floatation device, it does not consume to much space. And

it also have higher buoyancy.

For a tracking device, we use Mini GPS People Tracking Device Support SOS Function Band: GSM

850/900/1800/1900MHz.

People Tracking Device mini size (86mm x 46mm x 18mm) 900mAh battery, long standby time LBS+GPS double tracking solution Voice monitor, two way communication  Fast call 3 pre set phone numbers Portable GPS tracker Sleep by time / shock sensor, deep sleep, awake at specific time, multi power saving mode Location based service(LBS) + GPS double real time tracking solution SOS button,cycle call and reports its location to authorized phone  GPS blind area, movement, geo-fence, low battery alert  Built-in memory for 16,000 positions SMS tracking on cellphone with google maps link,Absolute street address by SMS

For a tracking device, we used Garmin GTU 10 Tracking Device. GTU 10 has USB port for easy

charging and syncing with computer and smartphones. It is defining feature, however, is its

“geofences” barriers. Whenever a driver crosses these limits, the device sends a notification to

user via smartphone or computer program. GTU 10’s also water resistance which is can adapt in

a place where surrounded with water.

The GTU 10’s battery lasts up to a month depending on the frequency with which the user

required updates.