em article

1.The EM Eco-Revolution1by Caroline Robertson Imagine a chemical-free world withpristine air, food and water. This utopianideal seemed impossible until a Japanesescientist discovered the earth-savingsolution of Effective Microorganisms(EM1). With endless applications inagricultural, industrial and domesticareas, EM1 is being hailed as one ofhistorys greatest environmentalbreakthroughs.record time, it emerged as an amazingMiracle Microorganismswater purifier, chemical-free cleaner,In 1980 when Agriculture Professor Teruoquick composter, deodorizer,Higa threw away a solution of commonpreservative, health boosting antioxidantmicroorganisms he was stunned to seeand probiotic. The brown liquid blend freeseveral days later that the grass there from genetically modified material hashad grown greener and denser. For overnow been found to nurture healthya decade Dr. Higa had been exploring thehomoeostasis within our inner and outerregenerative power of microorganisms forenvironment.use in agriculture. Deeply concernedabout the earths environmental crisis, Dr. EM excitement escalated in Japan withHiga searched for a solution to revitalizeschools, farms, government bodies andsoil and increase crop yields thereby households adopting it as an affordablecombating world hunger. His beneficialand effective alternative to chemicals. Dr.brew included 80 safe microorganismsHiga patented the process and set up theincluding common food fermenters such EM Research Organisation (EMRO) as aas yeast, fermenting fungi, non-profit organization to research andactinomycetes, photosynthetic and lacticpromote EM technology throughout theacid bacteria.world with profits mainly going todeveloping countries. Today EM isBut to everyones surprise, EM not only employed in almost two hundredregenerated soil and boosted crops in countries as a low cost, sustainableagricultural aid, water and sewerageWeb: www.ayurvedaelements.com Email: [email protected] Orchard Road, Chatswood NSW Australia 2067Phone- 0011 61 2 9904 7754 Texts 0425 233 426

2. The EM Eco-Revolution2by Caroline Robertson purifier, de-odoriser, cleanser and healthtonic. EMs phytosynthetic bacteria transform harmful gases and heavy metals intoI first encountered EM whilst visiting healthy organic complexes such asThailands Tao Garden Health Retreat antioxidants and probiotics. The sameand Spa in 2005. Struck by the lactic acid used in yoghurt sterilizesflavoursome food, fertile gardens andpathogens and decomposes organicfresh smell in the villas, the manager matter. Fermenting fungi and yeastsWalter Kellenberger attributed it all to EM. secrete substances that feed otherSince using EM for cleaning and healthy organisms, nourishing plantgardening our organic crops are healthiergrowth with phyto-nutrients andthan ever and weve abandoned all harshsuppressing odors and putrefaction. EMscleaning chemicals. For the full EM actinomycetes produce anti-microbialexperience the worlds first fully EM builtsubstances that suppress harmfuland maintained hotel and spa opened in microbes.Okinawa in September, 2005. The EMWellness Centre and Hotel showcasesEM intelligently enhances ecologicalthe scope of EM with all buildingharmony, adapting to each circumstancematerials, furnishings, bedding, toiletries, rather than being an indiscriminantcleaning agents and food produced with antibiotic, antifungal, herbicide orEM technology. insecticide. It triggers natures innate balancing mechanism to re-establishEM Effectequilibrium in a sustainable way.How can a mix of everydaymicroorganisms have such magical Dr Higa also attributes EMs efficacy toeffects? Though the merits of cultures the positive wave resonance it releasessuch as acidophilus and kombucha are which promotes substance and energywell documented its now believed that a field unity. This is clearly evident from thesynergistic solution of microorganisms food and flowers produced with EM asgive longer, stronger benefits than atheir colour and form far outshines thosesingle one. The genius of Dr. Higas EMconventionally cultivated. As evident indiscovery is the happy marriage of boththe award winning orchids, herbs andaerobic and anaerobic microorganisms,fruits of the Tropical Plant Resourcespreviously thought to be incompatible. Research Institute of Okinawa, Japan. Company President Toichiro Nago says,EMs unique formula inhibits malevolentAs EM prevents oxidation and producesmolecules and promotes beneficial bugs,antioxidants it also cultivates produce thatenzymes, nutrients and proteins. Thisis preserved for longer and has higherenhances regeneration and reducesnutritional value. The Internationaldegeneration to the degree that it is beingNature Farming Research centre verifiesused in the Hurricane Katrina aftermath to this claim finding that crops grown withhalt the spread of disease and odors.EM have less nitrate ions, increasing a plants pest and pathogen susceptibility,Web: www.ayurvedaelements.com Email: [email protected] Orchard Road, Chatswood NSW Australia 2067Phone- 0011 61 2 9904 7754 Texts 0425 233 426 3. The EM Eco-Revolution3by Caroline Robertson and higher vitamin C and carbohydrate purify water for safe consumption andlevels. recycle sewerage and wastewater foragricultural irrigation. As Texas EMsupplier Eric Lancaster says, EM willPlanetary and Personal Panaceabasically make lagoon water intoScanning through EM educational swimming water at a fraction of the costmaterial Im struck by its wide range of and time." EM also eliminates foul odoruses. Smiling Japanese school kids pour from septic tanks, reduces sludge init into polluted waterways with sparkling sewerage systems and controls excessresults. Thai relief workers spray it onalgae, slime and salination.Tsunami hit regions and victims toprevent disease and decay. Housewives Rapid industrialization in Japan has led toclean and deodorize every area of the heavy pollution of its waterways.house with it. Gardeners proudly displayIn attempts to reverse the damage EM isits produce of perfect flowers and food. being used by enthusiastic locals andBreast cancer patients in Lahore drink it government bodies to purify Japans Yabwith tangible benefits. Residents ofriver in Tochigi, Ainoya river in Ibaraki,Kenyas biggest slum enjoy the improved Ariake Sea in Nagasaki and Seto Inlandsanitation and smell it brings. SwimmersSea at Hiroshima. In these areas they areat a Kawasaki school pool no longer get seeing a vast increase in marine wildlifeasthma, skin and eye irritation since EMnumbers including octopus, shrimp,replaced chlorine. Pig, chicken and dairy cucumbers, crabs in response to EMsfarmers are amazed at its ability toeffects.neutralize foul odours, compost theirwaste and boost animals health.EM zealots are gathering in groups toFollowing are the many fields in whichbaptize Japans waters with EM.EM is reaping revolutionary results.Environmental teams such as the one atKyushu island are dedicated toWater purification and recyclingecological cleaning activities whichPure water is essential for healthy,include using at least 1 litre of EM aprosperous living. With around 1,000month to purify water and soil. In Akitsu,million people lacking access to safe Hiroshima since 60% of the populationdrinking water in developing countries its started using EM for domestic cleaningestimated that 80% of deaths are due to and gardening the towns water qualitycontaminated water, at least ten million ahas improved significantly. In Zamamiyear*. With the water pollution problem Village, Okinawa, after EM reduced theexpected to increase by up to eighteenfoul odor of 60,000 tons of dam water,times by 2025 it is crucial to change the 60% of residents reported an improvedtide. quality of water and the previously toxicreadings of trihalomethane were loweredEM may provide an answer. Wide scaleto a harmless level.trials have proven EM can effectivelyWeb: www.ayurvedaelements.com Email: [email protected] Orchard Road, Chatswood NSW Australia 2067Phone- 0011 61 2 9904 7754 Texts 0425 233 426 4. The EM Eco-Revolution 4by Caroline Robertson Bangkok has been using EM for years to Utsumi canals thick toxic sludge in areduce the foul odors and toxic water of matter of months.shrimp farms, treat waste and improvewater. Governor Samak of Bangkok saidAn innovative use of EM is in using it toWe are achieving good results with EM.convert wastewater sludge and mixedWe will continue to actively use it.into potent fertilizer. This is being done byEMs cost-effectiveness is evident atcompost company Green Sun Co. Ltd byGushikawa City Library where since theymixing the towns wastewater sludge withstarted sewerage processing with EMEM, rice bran and chicken manure andannual costs reduced from 10,000 US to making it into pellet organic fertilizer.only 500 US. And when Hotel Nikko inArivilla switched from chemicals to EM toAgriculturetreat their water they reduced expenditure Serious health and environmentalby 5 million yen a year. concerns raised by chemical farming are leading more people to prefer organicAgricultural wastewater not only pollutesproduce.waterways but is a massive waste whenEM and Kyusei Nature farming methodsnot recycled. Purification projects world- support this trend by promotingwide has solved this problem in places agriculture that is productive, profitable,such as Nanning city, China where they energy conserving, environmentallytreat Cassava wastewater to reuse andsound and safe for consumption.purify Lake Weishan which was ruined byOne of the biggest agricultural problemspaper mill pollution. EM can alsois the lack of nutrients and topsoil due toeffectively eradicate serious pathogenschemicals, row- crop production andas illustrated in Iwaki City, Fukushimaintensive tillage. EM solves this problemwhere E. coli was reduced form 275 toby reinstating millions of microorganisms12.to the soil turning it into eco-gold. This susainable soil called zymogenic soilRivers and lakes overloaded by run-off creates the most conducive growingcontaining agricultural fertilizers, conditions.household detergents, organic waste, A soil rich in minerals and regenerativeurban stormwater drainage and themicroorganisms provides optimumoccasional oil and chemical spill can be production levels, reduces disease andtreated effectively with EM. produces top quality crops all withoutIn water damage EM was successfullychemicals. As Dr. Teruo Higa says EMapplied by the German government after technology in agriculture not only doesthe Elbe River flood disasters of 2002 toaway with the need for agriculturaldecontaminate the standing toxic waterschemicals and artificial fertilizers, butand to prevent mold growth in theachieves better results in every way thanbuildings that were flooded. when they are used. When EM is introduced to soil itAccording to deputy Mayor Mr Kojicompetitively excludes pathogens, pestsYamawaki. EM removed Hiroshimas and weeds; nurtures nutrients andWeb: www.ayurvedaelements.com Email: [email protected] Orchard Road, Chatswood NSW Australia 2067Phone- 0011 61 2 9904 7754 Texts 0425 233 426 5. The EM Eco-Revolution5by Caroline Robertson earthworms; decomposes organic matterwith the aid of EM many countries areand detoxifies chemicals, This rich soil proving that it can easily be converted toenvironment promotes plant germination,valuable soil- enriching compost.flowering, ripening and increases crop A model EM example is the Izumiohtsuquality and quantity. As Dr. Teruo Higafactory of Sumitomo Rubber Industriesexplains, At the present time, averageLTD which used to pay to get garbageyields for rice grown using conventional removed until 1999 when they beganmethods are currently running at ninecomposting the waste from 14,000 mealsbales per 10 acres. Nevertheless, within a month and selling it back to employees.only a few years of instigating the use of Since the Sapporo Grand Hotel startedEM, we have seen rice yields rise to 14- treating their waste with EM it no longer15 bales/10 ares. This shift fromemits a foul odor, processing costs werechemical farming to organic practices canlowered by 30% and they recycled wasteyield better crops in a year as Hiroshimainto fertilser for farmers. Also in Japan,Ikeda farming brothers testify, After using Funao town converts 22% of theirEM for one year our rice harvest yielded garbage to compost, reducing their70% more than the previous year.annual garbage by 300 tonnes andMr Osamu Saito, vice president ofsaving vast sums on disposal costs. InKitamura Em Farming confers that Pune, India since 2002 the city garbageActivated EM has markedly reduced has been sprayed from a fire engine dailydisease and improved yields of and compost is made ready to go tovegetables. farmers within fifty days. In Hanoi since 2001 the Cau Dien Compost Factory hasAs developing countries prone to foodbeen collecting 160 tons of organic wasteshortages need EM technology urgentlya day from the city market and with EMthe charitable, non-profit EM Research converting it into compost within 38 days.Foundation are channeling profits into Other countries where large scale EMagricultural projects in countries such as waste management is saving money andIndia, Sri Lanka, Africa and South the environment include China, Korea,America. Burma, Vietnam, New Zealand, Thailand, Africa and South America.Recycling wasteAn easy way to recycle waste around theThrow-away, consumer societies are home is to compost organic garbage intoaccumulating more garbage than the garden food using EM Bokashi.earth can accommodate. The US aloneHouseholders are finding EM compostscreates 222 million tonnes of garbagetheir organic waste in a month asannually and at least 60% of that goes toopposed to six months when usingoverflowing landfills. conventional composting methods. ThereFood scraps comprising about 11% ofis also only a very mild sour smell andthis landfill decay, stink, attract rodents, none of the heat, gas or bugs associatedemit dangerous greenhouse gases andwith aerobic compost methods. If moredont decompose completely. Whereaspeople employed EM composting the soil would revitalise and landfill reduce inWeb: www.ayurvedaelements.com Email: [email protected] Orchard Road, Chatswood NSW Australia 2067Phone- 0011 61 2 9904 7754 Texts 0425 233 426 6. The EM Eco-Revolution 6by Caroline Robertson record time. Such as in Yanagawa City,benefits of using EM with livestock areFukuoka, where13,000 households are that it discourages flies and pests,using free activated EM for garbage improves intestinal microflora of animalscomposting, replenishing soil and thus their health, produce and dung forpurifying water.fertilizer. Research from ARC-Onderstepoot Veterinary Institute alsoSince 1996 the composting concept has demonstrates the ability of EM to preventbeen taken to many schools by the the growth pathogenic microbes includingBokashi Outreach Network Program in those that cause botulism and salmonellathe US. It aims to train kids to take steps poisoning.towards an environmental solution ratherIn the Netherlands amongst the 1,000than perpetuating the problem.farmers using it the concensus that EMTeachers such as Pusch Ridges recycle reduces livestock illness, improves milkQueen, Nancy Gifford are introducing EMquality and creates cleaner water andin a schoolwide program to compostliving conditions.cafeteria waste. She also uses EM in theschools small garden and sends studentsAquaculturehome with Bokashi bags to bury. InFish farms are notorious water polluters.Yoetsu Junior School, Kamakura City,EM has revolutionized aquaculture450 students started learning about EMoperations world-wide with shrimp farmssince 1996. All students are givenin Thailand and fish farms in Cairo,composting bokashi buckets and were Austria and Japan reporting cleanerexcited to see that their EM compostedwater, increased fish numbers andgarbage made their school corn crop natural weed control after converting fromgrow faster, larger and tastier corn than chemicals to EM. The Spital/Pyhrn Fishthose grown without EM. Also in Australia Farm in Austria found fish numbersthe Scraps from Lunch to Lunch fromdoubled after employing EM and farmScraps program run in ten Adelaide maintenance costs significantly reduced.schools showed children how to recyclefood into fertilizer. Bertram HawkerBuildingKindergarten benefited according toSick house syndrome is a phenomenondirector Margie Colton, Its allowed themwhere chemical fumes from carpets,to see the cycle of how things can bepaints, building and decorating materialsused again to grow food.create debilitating symptoms insusceptible. In order to prevent sickAnimal Husbandryhouse syndrome and increase aWhen Japans Tamaki dairy farm fedbuildings longevity 150 EM houses havecows EM fodder and sprinkled it in theirbeen built by Sansyodo Inc, Aichi, Japan.stalls they noticed remarkable changes.Since Mr Hattori moved into his EMWithin two weeks the foul odourhouse he says there is no more sneezingdisappeared, the milk increased andand less flies and mosquitoes. Mrmastitis was almost eradicated. OtherSakamoto is happy that he no longerWeb: www.ayurvedaelements.com Email: [email protected] Orchard Road, Chatswood NSW Australia 2067Phone- 0011 61 2 9904 7754 Texts 0425 233 426 7. The EM Eco-Revolution 7by Caroline Robertson suffers from asthma attacks and hisshown that EM-X stimulates activity ingrand-daughters eczema cleared up.NK-cells: an essential factor in theOther residents report that their migrainesattempt to control cancer.and allergies have disappeared.Because EM-X contains living organismsThe house is healthier too with EM it responds differently according to thepreventing concrete cancer, white ants,individuals internal environment.termites, rising damp, mould and woodExperimenting with EM-X for a month Irot. found it made my body hum. I could feel an energetic buzz pulsing from throughHealth my palms and feet. This seemed toTherapeutic applications of EM-X, the EM normalize my previously bad circulation.and herb infused tonic, are slowlyemerging. Scientific and clinical trialshave established EM-Xs ability to Beautyregenerate cells and destroy EMs natural yeasts, amino acids anddegenerative influences such as cancer ahas support the skins natural renewalcells, free-radicals. Scientists claim thatcycle and pH balance. The skincareEM-X releases positive wave resonancebrand SK-II applies the same principle asthat promotes regeneration and EM through the use of fermented sakeassimilation of nutrients. filtrate. The formula called Pitera hasChinese medical research revealed that been scientifically proven to increase skinEM-X markedly inhibited human cancer metabolism by 70%.cells involving breast cancer, Because EM encourages regenerativehepatocellular carcinoma and chronic dermal microorganisms users say itmyelogenous leukaemia cells. **softens the skin, smoothes wrinkles andParkinsons sufferers may find EM-Xmakes hair grow back to its originalhelps reduce neural degeneration.colour and softness. This has led to EMAccording to research conducted by the face creams, shampoos and soaps. StaffImperial College London, proved EM-Xs at Japans Amayama hospital for agedneuroprotective abiloity *** care also claim that EM infused water isAnecdotal evident of EM-X-s anti-cancer much gentler on sensitive elderly skin.qualitys abound. Chinese doctor HuirongTao, who is associated with the Toushi Domestic cleaningClinic in Hokkaido Japan, cites theSatisfied housewives with EM bottlessuccess stories of four cancer patientsillustrate its innumerable uses in EMtreated with EM-X and a special diet.publications. Not only an effectiveTheir tumours, whether situated in the substitute for chemical cleansers, EMchest, the prostate or the liver, diminished actually purifies rather than pollutes thesignificantly and in some casesair and waterways. From large scaledisappeared. Mamdooh Ghoneum, an environmental cleanups to domesticimmunologist at the university of medicine kitchens EM is used to remove mold andand science in Drew, California, has alsogrime, eliminate foul odours, replaceWeb: www.ayurvedaelements.com Email: [email protected] Orchard Road, Chatswood NSW Australia 2067Phone- 0011 61 2 9904 7754 Texts 0425 233 426 8. The EM Eco-Revolution8by Caroline Robertson washing powders, reduce insects, clear convert food into fertilizer. It may includepipes and cleanse everything from pets,rice bran, corn bran, wheatbran, maizefloors and walls.flour, rice husk, bean husk, rice straw, oil cake cotton seed cake, animal dung,EM Forms sawdust and coconut fiber.Because EM is a living technology, it- EM Ceramics. Since EM survives veryneeds to be flexible in its application, and high heat it can be baked into silica claytherefore comes in a variety of forms. ceramics. In water these ceramics breakThese include as liquid, as dry granular down the water particles to increase itsmaterial, and as ceramics. bioavailability and resistance to maleficEM is available in many forms and undermicrobes. The water is said to reversemany names which can cause consumeroxidation and elicit beneficial magneticconfusion. The most common name forresonance to enhance natural cellthe original ferment is EM-1. Subsequent regeneration. Ceramics can be added tocultures from this are often calledcooking rice, deep frying food, fish tanksactivated EM. Though imitations areand powdered to paints and soil. Anavailable, only the EM trademarked innovative dentist is adding EM ceramicsproduct can be trusted for quality and to cavity fillings with promising results.efficacy.- EM Toiletries infused with EM-1 include soap, toothpaste, shampoo and faceFollowing is a list of EM products.cream- EM-X is a golden, tasteless health tonic - EM saltis a ferment of antioxidant herbs and EM-- Em Bokashi Rub Oil. An warming1. linament combining Em and fermented- EM-5 (Sutochu) is a highly effective herbal oils recommended for arthritis,natural pesticide and insect repellent aches and fungal infections.made from fermented EM-1, alcohol, - EM Paint has been shown to reducevinegar, molasses and anti-oxidant mould, termites, toxic fumes and enhanceplants.paint durability.- Fermented Plant Extract (FPE) is a - EM clothes make the body warmerpowerful plant fertilizer made from freshlyaccording in infra-red research.cut grasses, weeds and crop residues - EM Glass-stone (Super Sol) used as afermented with EM-1. foundation filler in roads, floors and walls.- EM Togishiru is starchy water, This protects a structure frommolasses and EM-1 used as an effective deterioration, pests, chemical fumes anddomestic cleanser and air freshener. radiation.- EM mud balls are used for water andsoil remediation.Resources- Dilute or mix with starchy water ( EMwww.emtechnologynetwork.orgTogishiru) or bran, sawdust and molasses www.emro.co.jp/english- EM Bokashi is a dry composting mixcombining EM-1 and organic material to AcknowledgementsWeb: www.ayurvedaelements.com Email: [email protected] Orchard Road, Chatswood NSW Australia 2067Phone- 0011 61 2 9904 7754 Texts 0425 233 426 9. The EM Eco-Revolution 9by Caroline Robertson Brendan Seage, EM Research AustraliaNature Farming. U.S. Department ofP/L [email protected], Washington, D.C., USA.Brian Horsley, VRM Group, TownsvillePeter Beetz, Synergy Spirulina, SydneyHiga, T. and G.N. Wididana 1991a. TheYuri Terris, EMRO USA concept and theories of effectivemicroorganisms. p. 118-124. In Parr, S.B.ReferencesHornick, and C.E. Whitman (ed.)Proceedings of the First International*Asian Development Bank, WaterConference on Kyusei Nature Farming.Awareness Program-U.S. Department of Agriculture,www.abd.org/water.Washington, D.C., USA.** Apoptotic potential of the Higa, T. and G.N. Wididana 199lb.concentrated effective microorganismChanges In the soil microflora Induced byfermentation extract on human cancereffective microorganisms. p.153-162. Incells.J.F. Parr, S.B. Hornick, and C.E. WhitmanChui CH, Hau DK, Lau FY, Cheng GY,(ed.) Proceedings of the FirstWong RS, Gambari R, Kok SH, Lai KB, International Conference on KyuseiTeo IT, Leung TW, Higa T, Ke B, TangNature Farming. U.S. Department ofJC, Fong DW, Chan AS. Agriculture, Washington, D.C., USA.*** The antioxidant drink effective Higa, T. 1994. Effective Microorganisms:microorganism-X (EM-X) pre-treatmentA New Dimension for Nature Farming. p.attenuates the loss of nigrostriatal20-22. In J.F. Parr, S.B. Hornick, anddopaminergic neurons in 6-M.E. Simpson (ed.) Proceedings of thehydroxydopamine-lesion rat model of Second International Conference onParkinsons disease.Kyusei Nature Farming. U.S. DepartmentDatla KP, Bennett RD, Zbarsky V, Ke of Agriculture, Washington, D.C, USA.B, Liang YF, Higa T, Bahorun T,Aruoma OI, Dexter DT. Higa, T. 1995. Effective microorganisms:Their role in Kyusei Nature Farming andHiga, T. 1993. An Earth Savingsustainable agriculture. In J.F. Parr, S.B.Revolution. Sunmark Publishing Inc. Hornick, and M.E. Simpson (ed.)Proceedings of the Third InternationalHiga, T. 1995. EM: New Life for Kitchen Conference on Kyusei Nature Farming.Garbage. Sunmark Publishing Inc.U.S. Department of Agriculture,Washington, D.C., USA. (In Press).Higa, T. 1991. Effective microorganisms:A biotechnology for mankind. p.8-14. In Hornick, S.B. 1992. Factors affecting theJ.F. Parr, S.B. Hornick, and C.E. Whitman nutritional quality of crops. Amer. J.(ed.) Proceedings of the FirstAlternative Agric. 7:63-68.International Conference on KyuseiWeb: www.ayurvedaelements.com Email: [email protected] Orchard Road, Chatswood NSW Australia 2067Phone- 0011 61 2 9904 7754 Texts 0425 233 426 10. The EM Eco-Revolution 10by Caroline Robertson National Academy of Sciences. 1989. Inoculants and organic fertilizers inAlternative Agriculture. Committee on the agricultural production. In Proceedings ofRole of Alternative Agriculture Farming the International Seminar on the Use ofMethods in Modern ProductionMicrobial and Organic Fertilizers inAgriculture. National Research Council, Agricultural Production. Published by theBoard on Agriculture. National AcademyFood and Fertilizer Technology Center,Press, Washington, D.C., USA. 448 p.Taipei, Taiwan.National Academy of Sciences. 1993. Reganold, J.P., R.I Papendick, and J.F.Pesticides in Diets of Infants and Children Parr. 1990. Sustainable Agriculture.National Research Council, Board on Scientific American 262(6): 112-120.Agriculture. National Academy Press,Washington, D.C., USA. 373 p.Parr, J.F. and S.B. Hornick 1992a.Agricultural use of organic amendments:A historical perspective. Amer. J.Alternative Agric. 7:181-189.Parr, J.F. and S.B. Hornick. 1992b.Utilization of municipal wastes. p.545-559. In F.B. Metting (ed.) Soil MicrobialEcology: Applications in Agriculture andEnvironmental Management. MarcelDekker, Inc., New York, USA.Parr, J.F., R.I. Papendick, S.B. Hornick,and R.E. Meyer. 1992. Soil quality:Attributes and relationship to alternativeand sustainable agriculture. Amer. J.Alternative Agric. 7:5-11.Parr, J.F. and S.B. Hornick. 1994.Assessment of the Third InternationalConference on Kyusei Nature Farming:Round Table Discussion by USDAScientists, October 7, 1993. Published bythe Nature Farming Research andDevelopment Foundation, Lompoc,California, USA.Parr, J.F., S.B. Hornick, and D.D.Kaufman. 1994. Use of microbialWeb: www.ayurvedaelements.com Email: [email protected] Orchard Road, Chatswood NSW Australia 2067Phone- 0011 61 2 9904 7754 Texts 0425 233 426