elsey final final

7/25/2019 Elsey Final Final

1/58

IMPACTING READING COMPREHENSION AND SKILLS ACROSS THECURRICULUM FROM A HEALTHCARE SCIENCE CLASSROOM

Except where reference is !"e t# the w#r$ #f #thers% the w#r$ "escri&e" in this thesis is' #wn #r w!s "#ne in c#((!r!ti#n with ' Thesis Ch!ir) This thesis "#es n#t inc(*"e

pr#priet!r' #r c(!ssifie" inf#r !ti#n)

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ M!r$ D!nie( E(se'

Certific!te #f Appr#,!(-

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ D#n!(" R) Li,in.st#n% E")D) Sh!r#n M) Li,in.st#n% Ph)D)Thesis C#/Ch!ir Thesis C#/Ch!irE"*c!ti#n Dep!rt ent E"*c!ti#n Dep!rt ent


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IMPACTING READING COMPREHENSION AND SKILLS ACROSS THE

CURRICULUM FROM A HEALTHCARE SCIENCE CLASSROOM

A thesis s*& itte"

&'

M!r$ D!nie( E(se'

t#L!Gr!n.e C#((e.e

in p!rti!( f*(fi(( ent #f

the re0*ire ent f#r the

"e.ree #f

MASTER OF EDUCATION

in

C*rric*(* !n" Instr*cti#n

L!Gr!n.e% Ge#r.i!

1*(' 23% 2455

2


3/58

A&str!ct

This st*"' ex! ine" the p#tenti!( i p!ct #f re!"in. c# prehensi#n !n" s$i((s

!cr#ss the c*rric*(* fr# ! He!(thc!re Science c(!ssr## ) The c!t!('st f#r this st*"'

w!s th!t re!"in. c# prehensi#ns !n" s$i((s !re n#t i pr#,in. t# the "e.ree th!t the'

sh#*(" &e !n" c#*(" &e i p!cte" in ! p#siti,e w!' within the En.(ish L!n.*!.e Arts

6ELA7 c(!ssr## fr# !cr#ss the c*rric*(* fr# ! He!(thc!re Science Techn#(#.'

E"*c!ti#n 6HSTE7 c(!ssr## ) This h'p#thesis w!s ex! ine" &' *sin. ,!ri#*s f#r s #f

0*!ntit!ti,e "!t!8 pre/p#st re!"in. c# pressi#n !ssess ents% ELA sc#res were .!there"!t the &e.innin.% i""(e !n" en" #f the st*"'% !n" ! s*r,e' cre!te" t# "eter ine h#w

!n' h#*rs per "!' st*"ents re!") The s*&9ects were f#rt'/three st*"ents fr# tw#

"ifferent E er.enc' : Dis!ster Prep!re"ness 6EDP7 c(!sses th!t c#nsiste" #f tenth%

e(e,enth% !n" twe(fth .r!"ers fr# ! hi.h sch##( (#c!te" in s#*thwest At(!nt!% Ge#r.i!)

Usin. *(tip(e c#rre(!ti#n c#efficients% the 0*!ntit!ti,e "!t! fr# this st*"' w!s

!n!(';e") The res*(ts #f these c# p!ris#ns sh#we" th!t there w!s (itt(e t# n#

i pr#,e ent in re!"in. c# prehensi#n !n" s$i((s !cr#ss the c*rric*(* ) H#we,er% it is

h'p#thesi;e" th!t there w!s ! p#siti,e i p!ct !n" th!t C#ntent Are! Re!"in. Str!te.ies

6CARS7 sh#*(" &e i p(e ente" within the C!reer !n" Techn#(#.' c(!ssr## s)


4/58

T!&(e #f C#ntents

A&str!ct iiiT!&(e #f C#ntents i,

List #f T!&(es ,

Ch!pter I- Intr#"*cti#n 5St!te ent #f the Pr#&(e 5Si.nific!nce #f the Pr#&(e 5The#retic!( !n" C#ncept*!( Fr! ew#r$s 2F#c*s =*esti#ns >O,er,iew #f Meth#"#(#.' 3H* !n !s Rese!rcher 3

Ch!pter II- Re,iew #f the Liter!t*re ?

@!c$.r#*n"- L#w Liter!c' ?The Nee" f#r Re!"in. Str!te.iesH#w ! C!reer !n" Techn#(#.' C(!ssr## C!n He(p 52Re!"in. Str!te.ies 5>S* !r' #f Liter!t*re 53

Ch!pter III- Meth#"#(#.' 5BRese!rch Desi.n 5BSettin. 5?S*&9ects !n" P!rticip!nts 5?Pr#ce"*res !n" D!t! C#((ecti#n Meth#"s 5?!(i"it'% Re(i!&i(it'% Depen"!&i(it '% !n" @i!s 24An!('sis 2I p!ct #n St*"ent Le!rnin. >3Rec# en"!ti#ns f#r F*t*re Rese!rch >B

References >

Appen"ixes 35

>


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List #f T!&(es

T!&(e )5- In"epen"ent t/Test- Pre/test t# Pre/test )2- ANO A Tre!t ent Gr#*p with CARS -- Depen"ent t/test #f Pre/Test P#st/Test C#ntr#( Gr#*p -3- Depen"ent t/test #f Pre/Test P#st/Test Tre!t ent Gr#*p T!&(e >-B- In"epen"ent t/Test- P#st/test t# P#st/test -?- Chi S0*!re- Leis*re Re!"in. S*r,e' 55)#r. we&site% *n"er the

C!reer P(!nnin.J t!&% then the Le!rn A*t #*rse(fJ ) New (!ws p*t int# p(!ce &'

the @*i("in. Res#*rcef*( In"i,i"*!(s t# De,e(#p Ge#r.i! s Ec#n# ' Act% #r the

@)R)I)D)G)E) Act in Ge#r.i!% re0*ire this !ssess ent t# &e.in in the sixth .r!"e 6Offici!(

C#"e #f Ge#r.i! Ann) 24/2/


17/58

I p!ctin. Re!"in.

Ho" a Career and Technolog( Cla$$room Can Helper' (itt(e instr*cti#n h!ppens in ! C!reer !n" Technic!( E"*c!ti#n c(!ssr##

"irect(' re(!te" t# (iter!c') The (!st p(!ce st*"ents w#*(" expect re!"in. str!te.ies t# &e

t!*.ht is in their c!reer !n" technic!( e"*c!ti#n c#*rse) St*"ents "# n#t *n"erst!n" the

re(e,!nce #f &ein. ! .##" re!"er 6Penisten% 5


18/58

I p!ctin. Re!"in.

s*&9ect) K#; ins$' !n" K#; ins$' 624457 were c#ncerne" th!t% the pri#r $n#w(e".e #f

e!ch re!"er ,!ries fr# #ne s*&9ect !tter t# !n#ther% !n" the (e,e( #f $n#w(e".e in !n '

.i,en !re! wi(( !ffect his #r her !&i(it' t# !pp(' e!nin. t# the inf#r !ti#n in the textJ

6p)5 7) S# e st*"ents wi(( tr' t# .i,e the i pressi#n th!t the' $n#w the s*&9ect "*e t#

'e!rs #f te(e,isi#n sh#ws #r #*T*&e ,i"e#s th!t sh#w pe#p(e h#w t# "# s# ethin.% &*t

when the re!( inf#r !ti#n is presente" !(( st*"ents in ! C!reer !n" Technic!( E"*c!ti#n

c(!ssr## st!rt !t the s! e (e,e( p(!'in. fie(")

P!r$ !n" Osrne 6244?7 s!i"% when st*"ents "# n#t c# prehen" ! (iter!r'

w#r$ in En.(ish c(!ss% the c#nse0*ence is f!i(*re #n !n !ssi.n ent #r !ssess ent)H#we,er% when ! st*"ent "#es n#t c# prehen" text in !.ric*(t*r!( science% s*ch !s !

che ic!( (!&e(% ! technic!( !n*!(% #r ! n*triti#n!( (!&e(% the c#nse0*ences !' inc(*"e

f!i(*re #n !n !ssi.n ent #r test% &*t !' !(s# !ct*!((' en"!n.er the st*"ent #r his her

peersJ6p)>B7) This h#("s tr*e f#r !n' C!reer !n" Technic!( E"*c!ti#n c(!ssr## where

the s! e c#ntext exists) A*t# #ti,es% !ircr!ft rep!ir% we("in.% c#nstr*cti#n% he!tin.

!n" !ir% p(* &in. !n" e(ectric!( !re !(( t!*.ht in t#"!' s hi.h sch##(s !n" re!"in.

err#rs c!n h!,e &!" res*(ts)

P!r$ !n" Osrne 6244?7 enti#n th!t #*tc# es #f re!"in. in c!reer !n"

technic!( e"*c!ti#n c!n c#nsist #f s#(,in. pr#&(e s% incre!sin. $n#w(e".e% #r en.!.in.

the re!"erJ 6p)347) hen C!reer !n" Technic!( c(!ssr## e"*c!t#rs &e.in t# w#r$ with

their st*"ents% !n" i p(e ent c#ntent !re! re!"in. str!te.ies 6CARS7% the' *st #ti,!te

the st*"ents !n" *se CARS *(tip(e ti es) Citin. rese!rch &' Ch##ch# % P!r$ !n"

Osrne 6244?7 c#nc(*"e" th!t% intrinsic!((' #ti,!te" st*"ents e p(#'e" #re

str!te.ies% exhi&ite" .re!ter se(f/re.*(!ti#n% !n" c# prehen"e" #re textJ 6p)327) The

5


19/58

I p!ctin. Re!"in.

e!siest w!' t# #ti,!te ! c!reer !n" technic!( st*"ent is t# "!n.(e the *se #f h!n"s/#n

(e!rnin. with e0*ip ent !s ! rew!r") St*"ents w!nt t# .et *p #*t #f the se!t !n" h!,e f*n

(e!rnin. with their h!n"s) In ! He!(thc!re Science c(!ssr## h!n"s/#n (e!rnin. inc(*"es

the pr!ctice #f C!r"i#/P*( #n!r' Res*scit!ti#n 6CPR7% !pp(ic!ti#n #f &!n"!.es !n"

sp(ints% se!rch !n" resc*e f#r "is!ster ,icti s !n" #*(!.e !n" tri!.e #f s!i" p!tients)

@#*ncin. &!c$ !n" f#rth &etween CARS !n" h!n"s/#n (e!rnin. sh#*(" $eep the st*"ents

#ti,!te")

Reading Strategie$

C#ntent Are! Re!"in. Str!te.ies 6CARS7 !re ,er' specific t##(s !n" !cti#ns th!tthe st*"ents wi(( *se t# !$e e!nin. fr# written text) hen the st*"ent is re!"in.

e0*ip ent !n*!( it is (i$e the' !re h!,in. ! c#n,ers!ti#n with the !n*f!ct*rer)

A*th#rs #f #$s !n" !n*f!ct*rers #f e0*ip ent !$e "ecisi#ns !*t h#w t#

effecti,e(' c# *nic!te thr#*.h ! piece #f writin.) St*"ents *se specific re!"in.

str!te.ies within their c#ntent !re! t# he(p the *n"erst!n" wh!t the !*th#rs !re tr'in. t#

c# *nic!te thr#*.h the writin.)

hi(e there c!n &e *p t# twent' "ifferent re!"in. str!te.ies *se" when te!chin.%

this st*"' e p(#'e" #n(' fi,e- Acti,!tin. Pri#r Kn#w(e".e% As$ =*esti#ns% I"entif'

M!in I"e!s !n" S*pp#rtin. Det!i(s% Se0*ence E,ents% !n" S* !ri;e Inf#r !ti#n) This

!((#we" the rese!rcher ti e t# "iscern which str!te.ies the st*"ents en9#' !n" which

str!te.ies tr*(' &enefit the st*"ents) Theses str!te.ies were i p(e ente" &ef#re% "*rin.

!n" !fter the re!"in. #f e!ch *nit) @' "#in. this we were !&(e t# see which str!te.'

w#r$e" &est in e!ch p!rt #f the re!"in.)

S mmar( of +iterat re

5


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I p!ctin. Re!"in.

Re!"in. c# prehensi#n !n" s$i((s !re (#w in the Unite" St!tes !n" st*"ies sh#w

th!t the' !re .ettin. w#rse) The nee" f#r C#ntent Are! Re!"in. Str!te.ies 6CARS7 is

necess!r' f#r #*r c#*ntr' t# c# pete in this .(#&!( ec#n# ') CARS c!n &e i p(e ente"

in ! C!reer !n" Technic!( E"*c!ti#n c(!ssr## t# he(p stren.then the st*"ent s re!"in.

c# prehensi#n !n" s$i((s &' te!chin. the the se,er!( "ifferent text/&!se" str!te.ies)

These str!te.ies c!n he(p the st*"ents in !n ' c#*rse !n" in the 9#& !r$et where the' !re

re0*ire" t# #re re!"in. !n" writin.) ith the C!reer !n" Technic!( E"*c!ti#n te!cher

*sin. CARS% st*"ents sh#*(" &e.in t# h!,e &etter .r!"es !n" test sc#re !cr#ss the

c*rric*(* in their En.(ish !n" L!n.*!.e Arts 6ELA7 c(!ssr## )

24


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I p!ctin. Re!"in.

CHAPTER THREE: 'ETHODO+O-.Re$earch De$ign

This st*"' *se" !n !cti#n rese!rch "esi.n thr#*.h "escri&in. the !ffects #f

C#ntent Are! Re!"in. Str!te.ies 6CARS7 in ! He!(thc!re Science c(!ssr## ) Acti#n

rese!rch% !(s# $n#w !s C(!ssr## Rese!rch%J is we(( "#c* ente") Gi((es% i(s#n% !n"

E(i!s 624547% f#*n" in their rese!rch th!t !cti#n rese!rch is ! p#werf*( !.ent f#r ch!n.e)

Hen"ric$s 6244 7 st!tes% the p*rp#se #f !cti#n rese!rch is f#r pr!ctiti#ners t# in,esti.!te

!n" i pr#,e their pr!cticesJ 6p)


22/58

I p!ctin. Re!"in.

SettingThe sch##( !t which the st*"' t##$ p(!ce w!s (#c!te" in the cit' #f At(!nt!) It is in

! etr#p#(it!n !re! #f the F*(t#n C#*nt' sch##( "istrict) The hi.h sch##( th!t w!s *se"

h!" ! pri !ri(' @(!c$ st*"ent "' c#nsistin. #f ninet'/nine percent #f the t#t!( tw#

th#*s!n"% #ne h*n"re" !n" twe(,e st*"ents) Sixt' nine percent #f the st*"ents were

ec#n# ic!((' "is!",!nt!.e") D*rin. the sch##( 'e!r #f this st*"'% sixt'/f#*r percent #f

the st*"ents were recei,in. free #r re"*ce" (*nch) The sch##( h!" &een ! Tit(e 5 sch##(

since the &e.innin. #f N# Chi(" Left @ehin" 6NCL@7) The (#c!ti#n w!s ch#sen "*e t#

' p(!ce #f e p(#' ent) Appr#,!( f#r the st*"' w!s #&t!ine" fr# the sch##( Princip!(%

!n" the L!Gr!n.e C#((e.e Instit*ti#n!( Re,iew @#!r")

S b/ect$ and Participant$

The s*&9ects in this st*"' were ch#sen &' c(!ss n! e) @ec!*se #f the nee" f#r !

c#ntr#( .r#*p% the E er.enc' : Dis!ster Prep!re"ness 6EDP7 c(!sses where ch#sen) The

tw# c(!sses c#nsiste" #f f#rt'/three st*"ents) F#rt' st*"ents were Afric!n/A eric!n !n"

three were Asi!n) Thirt'/three #f the st*"ents were fe !(e !n" ten were !(e) There were

f#*r tenth .r!"e st*"ents% thirt'/#ne e(e,enth .r!"e st*"ents !n" ei.ht twe(fth .r!"e

st*"ents) The first EDP c(!ss #f the "!'% fifth peri#"% w!s the tre!t ent .r#*p with twent'

st*"ents) The sec#n" EDP c(!ss #f the "!'% sixth peri#"% w!s the c#ntr#( .r#*p with

twent'/three st*"ents)

Proced re$ and Data Collection 'ethod$

T# .!ther the e,i"ence !*t the tre!t ent% CARS% !n Instr*cti#n!( P(!n%

Appen"ix A% *st first &e i p(e ente") In the "!t! she(( in T!&(e


23/58

I p!ctin. Re!"in.

i pr#,e" the fin!( p(!n) Det!i(s #n h#w the c#((ecti#n #f the s*&9ect s .r!"es !t the

&e.innin.% i""(e !n" en" #f the st*"'% fr# the ELA te!chers w!s "isc*sse") The

c#ncern w!s h#w t# i p(e ent the c#((ecti#n #f the "!t! with (itt(e t# n# i p!ct #n the

te!cher s !(re!"' &*r"ens# e "*ties) The rec# en"!ti#n #f *ti(i;in. the c*rrent

e(ectr#nic .r!"e #$ !n" !s$in. the sch##(s "!t! c(er$ t# p*(( the nee"e" inf#r !ti#n

w!s i p(e ente") The st*"ents were !(s# !" inistere" ! Leis*re Re!"in. S*r,e' 6see

Appen"ix @7 "*rin. the !pp(ic!ti#ns #f CARS t# the tre!t ent .r#*p) This .!,e &!se(ine

"!t! t# !(( #f the s*&9ect s c*rrent re!"in. !ttit*"es) The "!t! were c#"e" t# see if !n'

e er.in. tren"s #cc*rre")T!&(e


24/58

I p!ctin. Re!"in.

st*"ents .r!"es !n"test sc#res !fteri p(e entin.CARS

6244?7)

K#; ins$'%E)% :K#; ins$'% L)624457

/Pr!ctice EOCT

T'pe #f "!t!-Inter,!(

T'pe #f !(i"it'-C#ntent

ANO A "ifferences &etweene!ns fr# #ne.r#*p teste" twice)T# "eter ine ifthere !re si.nific!nt"ifferences &etweene!ns fr# tw#in"epen"ent.r#*ps)Desire t# fin" wh!t0*esti#ns 6ite s7!re si.nific!nt 6!n"which #nes !re n#t7

h!t w!s the i p!ct#f CARS #n thee"*c!t#r !n" thest*"ents

Se(f ref(ecti#n !n"st*"ent !ffect

Penisten% 1)65


25/58

I p!ctin. Re!"in.

the tre!t ent !n" c#ntr#( .r#*p% !n in"epen"ent t/test e,!(*!te" the tre!t ent .r#*p

sc#res with the c#ntr#( .r#*p sc#res) A "epen"ent t/test w!s !(s# perf#r e" #n the

tre!t ent .r#*p !n" c#ntr#( .r#*p% pre/p#st tre!t ent% !(#n. with pre/pre !n" p#st/p#st

tre!t ent &etween the tw# .r#*ps)

The thir" f#c*s 0*esti#n (##$s !t the i p!ct #f CARS #n the te!cher !n" st*"ent)

A(( #f the 0*!(it!ti,e "!t! w!s c#((ecte" fr# the st*"ent s s*r,e's !n" te!cher s

ref(ecti,e 9#*rn!( th!t w!s !n!(';e" *sin. c#rre(!ti#n c#efficients) A""iti#n!(

inf#r !ti#n% s*ch !s the t'pes #f !teri!( re!" &' the st*"ents% w!s !(s# c#((ecte" fr#

the Leis*re Re!"in. S*r,e') The Leis*re Re!"in. S*r,e' w!s .i,en t# "eter ine then* &er #f h#*rs st*"ents spen" re!"in. "*rin. (eis*re ti e within the wee$) The st*"ents

t##$ the Leis*re Re!"in. S*r,e' "*rin. the i""(e #f the st*"'% #r the nine wee$ ti e

win"#w)

*alidit(0 Reliabilit(0 Dependabilit(0 and ,ia$

An Instr*cti#n!( P(!n w!s cre!te" f#r the "!t! .!therin. eth#" t# !nswer F#c*s

=*esti#n One) Tw# #f ' c#((e!.*es re,iewe" the instr*cti#n!( p(!n !n" c# p(ete" the

!ss#ci!te" r*&ric) I then inter,iewe" these tw# c#((e!.*es t# rec#r" their resp#nses !n"

*se" th!t 0*!(it!ti,e "!t! t# i pr#,e the Instr*cti#n!( P(!n f#r c(!ssr## instr*cti#n)

P#ph! 6244 7 "efines c#ntent ,!(i"it' !s% the extent t# which !n !ssess ent

pr#ce"*re !"e0*!te(' represents the c#ntent #f the c*rric*(!r st!n"!r" &ein. e!s*re"J

6p) 7) The Instr*cti#n!( P(!n w!s cre!te" t# ens*re c#ntent ,!(i"it') C#nstr*ct ,!(i"it'

w!s s#*.ht f#r i p(e ent!ti#n #f CARS in the HSTE c(!ssr## ) The Instr*cti#n!( P(!n

w!s e,!(*!te" &' the rese!rchers c#((e!.*es t# ens*re the Ge#r.i! Perf#r !nce

23


26/58

I p!ctin. Re!"in.

St!n"!r"s were inc(*"e" !n" c#,ere") The c#((e!.*es then chec$e" the tr!nscripts #f

th#se inter,iews f#r !cc*r!c')

T# !chie,e "epen"!&i(it'% the c#((ecti#n #f 0*!(it!ti,e "!t! !n" tre!t ent #f the

Instr*cti#n!( P(!n w!s $ept c#nsistent) The "!t! w!s !cc*r!te(' rec#r"e" with the *se #f

pr#t#c#( !n" inter,iews #f the c#((e!.*es wh# re,iewe" the Instr*cti#n!( P(!n !n"

rec#r"e" their th#*.hts #n the Instr*cti#n!( P(!n r*&ric) The se(ecti#n #f !n !"e0*!te

n* &er #f s*&9ects w!s *se" in the tre!t ent .r#*p !n" c#ntr#( .r#*p) The (en.th #f ti e

f#r "!t! c#((ecti#n w!s pr#(#n.e" t# ei.hteen wee$s t# in #r"er t# $eep the tre!t ent

persistent)Acc#r"in. t# P#ph! 6244 7% there !re three t'pes #f &i!s- #ffensi,e% *nf!ir

pen!(i;!ti#n% !n" "isp!r!te i p!ct) The instr* ent #f !ssess ent *se" w!s ! pr!ctice

EOCT f#r re!"in. c# prehensi#n) The EOCT w!s e,!(*!te" &' the Ge#r.i! Dep!rt ent

#f E"*c!ti#n f#r *nf!ir pen!(i;!ti#n% #ffensi,e (!n.*!.e #r c#ntent !n" "isp!r!te i p!ct

#n the s*&9ects th!t t!$e it)

T# "eter ine if there were "ifferences in the st*"ents .r!"es !n" test sc#res !fter

i p(e entin. CARS the "!t! .!therin. eth#" *se" f#r F#c*s =*esti#n Tw# w!s

st!n"!r"i;e" !ssess ents) I *se" ! pr!ctice Ninth .r!"e En" #f C#*rse Test 6EOCT7 f#r

re!"in. c# prehensi#n t# .!ther pre/ !n" p#st/tre!t ent test sc#res f#r the 0*!ntit!ti,e

"!t!) M#re te!cher/ !"e 0*!ntit!ti,e "!t! were c#((ecte" fr# the st*"ents in"i,i"*!(

sc#res in their c*rrent ELA c(!ss) The sc#res were .!there" !t the &e.innin.% i""(e% !n"

en" #f the st*"')

C#ntent !n" Criteri#n &!se" ,!(i"it' w!s .!there" &ec!*se #f the pre"icti#n th!t

st*"ents wh# recei,e CARS w#*(" sc#re hi.her #n st!n"!r"i;e" test th!n th#se st*"ents

2B


27/58

I p!ctin. Re!"in.

wh# "i" n#t recei,e CARS "*rin. the st*"') P#ph! 6244 7 s!'s Criteri#n !(i"it' is

*sin. e!s*re ents &etween tw# .r#*ps !s ! &!sis #f ! pre"icti,e inference)

T# !ss*re re(i!&i(it'% the s! e pr!ctice EOCT f#r Ninth .r!"e re!"in. w!s

!" inistere") A test/retest c#rre(!ti#n &etween the tre!t ent .r#*p !n" c#ntr#( .r#*p w!s

perf#r e") This !((#we" inferences t# &e !"e #n !n' c#rre(!ti#ns th!t !ppe!re"

6S!($in"% 24547) An#ther w!' th!t I ens*re" re(i!&i(it' w!s *ti(i;in. ! #ne t!i( t/test f#r

c# p!rin. the sc#res #f the tre!t ent .r#*p !n" c#ntr#( .r#*p t# "eter ine if there w!s

si.nific!nt "ifference &etween the tw# .r#*ps% pre/test p#st/test)

Referencin. P#ph! 6244 7% !ssess ent &i!s refers t# 0*!(ities #f !n !ssess entinstr* ent th!t #ffen" #r *nf!ir(' pen!(i;e ! .r#*p #f st*"ents &ec!*se #f st*"ents

.en"er% r!ce% ethnicit'% s#ci#ec#n# ic st!t*s% re(i.i#n% #r #ther s*ch .r#*p/"efinin.

ch!r!cteristicsJ 6p)5557) The pr!ctice EOCT f#r Ninth .r!"e re!"in. h!s &een criti0*e" &'

! &i!s re,iew p!ne( f#r e" &' the Dep!rt ent #f E"*c!ti#n 6DOE7 in Ge#r.i! pri#r t# its

"istri&*ti#n t# the in"i,i"*!( sch##( s'ste s !n" sch##(s)

T# !nswer F#c*s =*esti#n Three% 0*!(it!ti,e "!t! .!there" fr# ! ref(ecti,e

9#*rn!( $ept "*rin. the st*"' !n" the st*"ents Leis*re Re!"in. S*r,e' th!t w!s .i,en !t

the h!(f w!' p#int #f the st*"') Penisten 65


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I p!ctin. Re!"in.

*ti(i;e the .!there" "!t! t# "ispr#,e #r pr#,e th!t the i p(e ent!ti#n #f CARS in ! CTE

c(!ssr## i p!cte" the st*"ents .r!"es !cr#ss the c*rric*(* in the ELA c(!ssr## ) A((

fi(es were sec*re" in ! (#c$e" fi(e c!&inet (#c!te" in the rese!rcher s #ffice #n c! p*s)

S*r,e' 0*esti#ns were e,!(*!te" f#r *nf!ir pen!(i;!ti#n% #ffensi,e (!n.*!.e% #r

c#ntent !n" "isp!r!te i p!ct #n the s*&9ects #f this !cti#n rese!rch !s in"ic!te" &'

P#ph! 6244 7) The #n(' instr*cti#n .i,en t# st*"ents in re.!r"s t# the Leis*re Re!"in.

S*r,e' w!s n#t t# c#*nt text#$s !s (eis*re re!"in.)

Anal($i$ of Data

The p*rp#se #f this st*"' w!s t# see if there w!s ! p#siti,e i p!ct #n re!"in.c# prehensi#n !n" s$i((s t# ,!(i"!te the i p(e ent!ti#n #f C#ntent Are! Re!"in.

Str!te.ies 6CARS7 within the CTE c(!ssr## s) L##$in. &!c$ !t the p(!nne" rese!rch% the

three f#c*s 0*esti#ns #f this st*"' re(!te the three t'pes #f ,!(i"it'8 c#ntent% c#nstr*ct%

!n" criteri#n in *(tip(e w!'s 6P#ph! % 244 7) F#c*s =*esti#n One *ses 0*!(it!ti,e "!t!

fr# *(tip(e c#((e!.*e inter,iews !n" criti0*es #f the Instr*cti#n!( P(!n t# e,!(*!te !n'

rec*rrin.% "# in!nt #r e er.in. the es) The r!ti#n!(e is th!t repe!tin. "!t! c!n f#r

p!tterns #f &eh!,i#r) The c#((e!.*es re,iew #f the Instr*cti#n!( P(!n w!s !(s# t# ens*re

,!(i"it' !n" c*rric*(* c#ntent)

=*!ntit!ti,e "!t! w!s .!there" fr# F#c*s =*esti#n Tw#) The s*&9ects were

!" inistere" ! pr!ctice ninth .r!"e re!"in. EOCT% pre !n" p#st tre!t ent) ith ! n*((

h'p#thesis st!tin. th!t there is n# si.nific!nt "ifference &etween the tre!t ent .r#*p !n"

c#ntr#( .r#*p s pre/test% !n in"epen"ent t/test with *ne0*!( ,!ri!nces !t the P 4)43

si.nific!nce (e,e( w!s c# p(ete" pre/tre!t ent) This w!s t# "eter ine if there were

si.nific!nt "ifferences &etween the c#ntr#( .r#*p !n" tre!t ent .r#*p) Next% !n ANO A

2


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I p!ctin. Re!"in.

w!s c# p(ete" t# !n!(';e the st*"ents .r!"es in their ELA c(!ss "*rin. the st*"' t# he(p

"eter ine ! c#rre(!te" .!in with the tre!t ent effect) The "ecisi#n t# re9ect the n*((

h'p#thesis f#r the ANO A w!s set !t P 4)43) After the st*"'% with ! n*(( h 'p#thesis

st!tin. th!t there is n# si.nific!nt "ifference &etween the tre!t ent .r#*p !n" c#ntr#(

.r#*p s p#st/test% !n in"epen"ent t/test with *ne0*!( ,!ri!nces !t the P 4)43 si.nific!nce

(e,e( w!s c# p(ete" p#st/tre!t ent) D!t! rese!rch f#r F#c*s =*esti#n tw# c#nc(*"e"

with ! "epen"ent t/test) Once !.!in% with the n*(( h'p#thesis st!tin. th!t there is n#

si.nific!nt "ifference &etween the tre!t ent .r#*p !n" c#ntr#( .r#*p s pre/p#st test

sc#res% ! "epen"ent t/test with e0*!( ,!ri!nces !t the P 4)43 si.nific!nce (e,e( w!sc# p(ete" #n e!ch .r#*p% p#st tre!t ent)

F#c*s =*esti#n Three e,!(*!te" the 0*!(it!ti,e "!t! .!there" fr# the te!cher s

ref(ecti,e 9#*rn!( !n" st*"ent s Leis*re Re!"in. S*r,e') The "!t! w!s !n!(';e" !n"

c#"e" f#r rec*rrin.% "# in!nt #r e er.in. the es) The Leis*re Re!"in. S*r,e' w!s

!n!(';e" *sin. ! chi s0*!re t# re,e!( st!tistic!( ,!(*es fr# 0*esti#n n* &ers f#*r !n"

fi,e *sin. ! Li$ert sc!(e f#r !t) This w!s "#ne t# see if the st*"ents !nswers tren"e"

t#w!r" si.nific!nce t# #ne ite fr# e!ch 0*esti#n) Si.nific!nce w!s rep#rte" !t the

p )43% p )45% !n" the p )445 (e,e(s)

This c#nstr*ct ,!(i"it' wi(( &rin. *n"erst!n"in. t# the st*"ent s s*r,e' 0*esti#ns) The

c#nstr*ct ,!(i"it' w!s s*pp#rte" &' the *se #f the L!Gr!n.e C#((e.e the#retic!(

fr! ew#r$% the *se #f ! "!t! she(( t# !(i.n the f#c*s 0*esti#ns t# (iter!t*re !n" rese!rch

eth#"s% !n" the (!r.e s! p(e si;e *se" f#r the 0*!ntit!ti,e st*"')

This st*"' is h#(istic in n!t*re) It is !n !n!('sis #f the wh#(e st*"'% n#t 9*st !

p!rtic*(!r f#c*s 0*esti#n) The st*"' recei,e" ,!(i"!ti#n fr# f!c*(t' #f L!.r!n.e C#((e.e

2


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!n" the sch##( s princip!() Eisner 65 57 referre" t# this t'pe #f ,!(i"!ti#n !s%

C#nsens*!( ,!(i"!ti#n% !n !.ree ent ! #n. c# petent #thers th!t the "escripti#n%

interpret!ti#n% e,!(*!ti#n% !n" the !tic !re ri.htJ 6p) 5527) The res*(ts #f this st*"' were

c# p!re" t# the episte #(#.ic!( ,!(i"!ti#n #n the effecti,eness #f CARS in !n EDP

c(!ssr## ) C'c(in. &!c$% !s "escri&e" &' Den;in !n" Linc#(n 65 7% t# the (iter!t*re

re,iew in Ch!pter Tw# #f the theses% he(ps .i,e ,!(i"it' t# the st*"') This st*"' h!s

episte #(#.ic!( ,!(i"!ti#n &ec!*se the res*(ts !re c# p!re" t# existin. (iter!t*re)

The st*"' h!s cre"i&i(it'% ! pr#cess "efine" !s tri!n.*(!ti#n) Eisner 65 57 c!((s

this pr#cess str*ct*r!( c#rr#r!ti#n% where ! c#nf(*ence #f e,i"ence c# es t#.ether t#f#r ! c# pe((in. wh#(e) M*(tip(e "!t! s#*rces were *ti(i;e" t# s*pp#rt str*ct*r!(

c#rr#r!ti#n !n" .re!t c!re w!s t!$en t# ens*re precisi#n !n" !cc*r!c' s# ! ti.ht%

c#herent !n" str#n. c!se c!n &e presente" t# !ssert 9*". ents)

T# he(p !chie,e tr!nsfer!&i(it'% this st*"' e!si(' c#nstr*cte" !n" c!n &e rep(ic!te"

&' #thers !n" *se" f#r f*t*re rese!rch) Eisner 65 57 c!((s this pr#cess referenti!(

!"e0*!c' where percepti#n !n" *n"erst!n"in. &' #thers wi(( incre!se &ec!*se #f

rese!rch) The referenti!( !"e0*!c' #f this st*"' w!s !chie,e" &' h#w e!s' it c!n &e

"*p(ic!te" !n" st*"ie" in the f*t*re)

C!t!('tic ,!(i"it' is the "e.ree t# which '#* !nticip!te '#*r st*"' t# sh!pe !n"

tr!nsf#r '#*r p!rticip!nts% s*&9ects #r sch##( 6L!ther !s cite" &' Kinch(#e : McL!ren%

5 7) This st*"' "i" h!,e c!t!('tic ,!(i"it' &ec!*se #f the p#siti,e ch!n.es !n"

tr!nsf#r !ti#n!( e,ents th!t #cc*rre" f#r the rese!rcher !n" st*"ents within the st*"')


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CHAPTER !OUR: RESU+TS=*!ntit!ti,e !n" 0*!(it!ti,e "!t! were th c#((ecte" fr# this !cti#n rese!rch

st*"') The res*(ts fr# the "!t! were !n!(';e" !n" #r.!ni;e" &' f#c*s 0*esti#n in this

ch!pter) In this ch!pter the 0*!ntit!ti,e "!t! .!there" is sh#wn thr#*.h st!tistic!( "!t! !n"

t!&(es) The 0*!(it!ti,e "!t! were c#((ecte" fr# the Instr*cti#n!( P(!n% c#/w#r$er

inter,iews% !n" ! ref(ecti,e 9#*rn!() Hen"ric$s 6244 7 rec# en"s th!t 0*!ntit!ti,e "!t!

&e !n!(';e" *sin. !n e(ectr#nic s#ftw!re pr#.r! % s*ch !s Micr#s#ft Exce() F#((#win.

this rec# en"!ti#n% the 0*!ntit!ti,e "!t! were !n!(';e" *sin. Micr#s#ft Exce( 244?%

!(s# s*..este" &' S!($in" 624547)

F#c*s =*esti#n One !s$e"% c!n i p(e entin. C#ntent Are! Re!"in. Str!te.ies

6CARS7 in ! He!(thc!re Science C(!ssr## (e!" t# i pr#,e" re!"in. c# prehensi#n !n"

s$i((s #f the st*"ent The 0*!(it!ti,e "!t! .!there" were fr# tw# f!c*(t' e &er

inter,iews !t est(!$e Hi.h Sch##() Hen"ric$s 6244 7 rec# en"s *sin. ! the !tic

!n!('sis t# !n!(';e the 0*!(it!ti,e "!t! &' c#"in. f#r the es s*ch !s% !cti,ities% e,ents%

str!te.ies !n" pr#cessesJ 6pp)5>>7) F!c*(t' Me &er A w!s !n#ther He!(thc!re

Science te!cher) F!c*(t' Me &er @ w!s !n A" inistr!ti,e Assist!nt t# the Princip!( !n"

f#r er ELA Dep!rt ent Ch!ir pers#n) A "et!i(e" Instr*cti#n!( P(!n% eetin. the st!te #f

Ge#r.i! s Dep!rt ent #f E"*c!ti#n st!n"!r"s% w!s cre!te" &' the rese!rcher !n" w!s

re,iewe" &' the tw# f!c*(t' e &ers *sin. ! r*&ric) The Instr*cti#n!( P(!n !""resse"

fi,e Ge#r.i! Perf#r !nce St!n"!r"s GPS % !s ! res#*rce f#r !(i.n ent "*rin. the

rese!rch) hen F!c*(t' Me &er A re,iewe" the Instr*cti#n!( P(!n the' n#te" th!t the

pr!ctic!(it' #f the (ess#ns i.ht h! per the ti e nee"e" t# te!ch the st!n"!r"s #f the

GPS s) Me &er A n#te" the sh#rt ti e win"#w #f e!ch sch##( peri#"% fift'/tw# in*tes%

w#*(" !"" s# e stress t# the e"*c!t#r !n" fe(t th!t the !""iti#n #f #re inf#r !ti#n t#


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I p!ctin. Re!"in.

the !(re!"' p!c$e" GPS s i.ht &e "iffic*(t f#r the rese!rcher t# p(!n f#r !n" the st*"ents

t# (e!rn) Rec# en"!ti#n w!s recei,e" fr# F!c*(t' Me &er A t# exten" the rese!rch

ti e fr# fifteen wee$s t# ei.hteen wee$s) This rec# en"!ti#n w!s "*(' n#te" !n" the

rese!rch ti e w!s exten"e" t# !((#w f#r #re te!chin. #f CARS t# the tre!t ent .r#*p)

F!c*(t' e &er A !(s# enti#ne" th!t her 9#& w!s t# te!ch the GPS s !n" n#thin. #re)

Me &er A s!i"% If the' c!n t re!" &' n#w% the' nee" t# .# &!c$)J P!r$ !n" Osrne

6244B7 n#tice" "*rin. their st*"' #f A.riscience e"*c!t#rs th!t% te!chers !re #ften

re(*ct!nt t# i p(e ent c#ntent !re! re!"in. str!te.ies in their c#ntent !re!sJ 6p) >>7)

Se,er!( re!s#ns where n#te" f#r this re(*ct!nce &' P!r$ !n" Osrne 6244B7 inc(*"in.% !(!c$ #f c#nfi"ence in h!n"(in. re!"in. pr#&(e s% the !ttit*"e th!t re!"in. instr*cti#n

infrin.es #n c#ntent ti e% !n" the "eni!( #f the i p#rt!nce #f re!"in. f#r (e!rnin. in the

c#ntent !re!J 6p) >>7) The infrin.e ent #f ti e w!s ! c#ntin*in. ech# f#r e &er A

"*rin. the re,iew #f the Instr*cti#n!( P(!n !n" the rese!rch itse(f)

F!c*(t' Me &er @ n#te" s# e .r! !tic!( err#rs in the Leis*re Re!"in. S*r,e'

!n" the Instr*cti#n!( P(!n th!t were c#rrecte") F!c*(t' Me &er @ !(s# presse" the

i p#rt!nce #f this st*"' !n" sh#we" .re!t interest) F!c*(t' Me &er @ fe(t th!t e,er'

c(!ss in e,er' c#ntent !re! sh#*(" h!,e s# e !spect #f CARS in p(!ce !n" th!t !((

e"*c!t#rs sh#*(" stri,e t# i pr#,e the re!"in. s$i((s !n" c# prehensi#n #f !(( st*"ents !t

!(( (e,e(s) F!c*(t' Me &er @ !(s# enti#ne" the ti e initi!((' set f#r the st*"' i.ht n#t

&e en#*.h) She st!te" th!t !""iti#n!( ti e w!s nee"e" !t the &e.innin. #f e!ch GPS !n"

when intr#"*cin. ! new str!te.') F!c*(t' Me &er @ s*..este" f#c*sin. #n #n(' f#*r #r

fi,e re!"in. str!te.ies "*rin. the rese!rch ti e) Her s*..esti#ns where !(s# n#te" !n"

rese!rch #n(' centere" !r#*n" the f#((#win. fi,e str!te.ies8 Acti,!tin. Pri#r Kn#w(e".e%


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I p!ctin. Re!"in.

As$ =*esti#ns% I"entif' M!in I"e!s !n" S*pp#rtin. Det!i(s% Se0*ence E,ents !n"

S* !ri;e Inf#r !ti#n) F!c*(t' Me &er @ w!s ,er' enth*si!stic !n" he(pe"

tre en"#*s(' with the st*"') This is f*rther "isc*sse" in Ch!pter Fi,e #f this thesis p!per)

T# !nswer F#c*s =*esti#n Tw#% 0*!ntit!ti,e "!t! were *se" t# "eter ine the

st*"ent s pri#r $n#w(e".e) St*"ents in the tre!t ent .r#*p !n" c#ntr#( .r#*p were th

.i,en !n i"entic!( Ninth Gr!"e EOCT Pr!ctice Test f#r Re!"in. pri#r t# !n' CARS

instr*cti#n) The pre/test t##$ p(!ce #n "!' #ne !n" tw# #f the st*"') The hi.h sc#re #n

the pre/test in the c#ntr#( .r#*p w!s !n B % sc#re" &' !n e(e,enth .r!"e !(e) The

(#west sc#re #n the pre/test w!s ! < % sc#re" !(s# &' !n e(e,enth .r!"e !(e) The c(!sse!n #f the c#ntr#( .r#*p% #n the pretest w!s BB)>? 8 the e"i!n sc#re w!s B ) The

hi.h sc#re #n the pre/test &' the tre!t ent .r#*p w!s !n > % sc#re" &' !n e(e,enth

.r!"e !(e) The (#west sc#re #n the pre/test w!s ! 57 4)52?% pV )43 #n ! #ne t!i(e" test) The p*rp#se #f this t/test w!s t# sh#w th!t

th .r#*ps were re(!ti,e(' e0*!( in !&i(it' !n" pri#r $n#w(e".e #f the !teri!( !t the

&e.innin. #f the st*"') Since the #&t!ine" ,!(*e #f 4)52? w!s (ess th!n the critic!( ,!(*e

#f 5)B 6!s sh#wn in T!&(e >)57% then the n*(( h'p#thesis w!s !ccepte" &ec!*se there w!s

n# si.nific!nt "ifference in the pre/test sc#res fr# the c#ntr#( .r#*p when c# p!re" t#


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I p!ctin. Re!"in.

the pre/test sc#res #f the tre!t ent .r#*p) S!($in" 624547 rec# en"s *sin. !n effect

si;e c!(c*(!t#r 6p)27 t# "eter ine h#w "ifferent tw# .r#*ps !re fr# #ne !n#therJ

6p)25t St!t /4)52?>


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I p!ctin. Re!"in.

T!&(e >)2> ?5)2 ?Mi""(e 24 5>B5 ?


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I p!ctin. Re!"in.

An#,!- Sin.(e F!ct#r

SUMMARGroups Count Sum Average Variance

@e.in 2< 5?53 ?>)3B322 5))>

"isp(!'s the "!t! .!there" #n the pre/test p#st/test #f the pr!ctice re!"in. EOCT f#r Ninth

.r!"e% f#r the c#ntr#( .r#*p)

Table 1215 Dependent t5te$t of Pre5Te$t8Po$t5Te$t Control -ro p


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t/Test- P!ire" Tw#/S! p(e f#r Me!ns

C#ntr#( C(!ss/ NO CARS Pre Test Post Test Me!n BB)>? 2B4 ? B2)>? 2B4 ?!ri!nce 5?


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I p!ctin. Re!"in.

t/Test- P!ire" Tw#/S! p(e f#r Me!ns

Tre!t ent C(!ss/ CARS Pre Test Post Test Me!n BB B )53!ri!nce 5? 53 )2 2543< Y 2

=*esti#n >- H#w !n' h#*rs ! wee$ "# '#* re!" !.!;ines >3ZZZ

=*esti#n 3- H#w !n' h#*rs ! wee$ "# '#* re!" #$s ?4ZZZ

@#th 0*esti#ns fr# the Leis*re Re!"in. S*r,e' tren"e" t#w!r" si.nific!nce in

thier !nwser t# #ne ite fr# e!ch 0*esti#n) The "!t! .!there" sh#we" the !9#rit' #f

st*"ents re!"in. #$s !n" !.!;ines (ess th!n fi,e h#*rs per wee$) It is s# ewh!t

p#ssi&(e th!t the st*"ents c#*nte" their text #$s !s (eis*re re!"in.J% &*t the' where

instr*cte" n#t t# "# s# pri#r t# the s*r,e') The rese!rch w!s c#n"*cte" !t ! sch##( with

ei.ht peri#"s per "!') C# &ine" with the rese!rch "!t!% it is p#ssi&(e t# h'p#thisi;e th!t

the (esi*re re!"in. ti e #f the st*"ents is (#were" &ec!*se #f the ti e nee"e" t# st!' *p

with thier st*"ies)

>


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I p!ctin. Re!"in.

CHAPTER !I*E: ANA+.SIS AND DISCUSSION O! RESU+TSAnal($i$

Thr#*.h the *se #f !n Instr*cti#n!( P(!n !n" !n Instr*cti#n!( P(!n R*&ric% F#c*s

=*esti#n One w!s !""resse") C#"e" f#r "# in!te% rec*rrin. !n" e er.in. the es

!((#we" the f#((#win. the es t# e er.e pri#r t# the st*"' c# encin.) The p!tterns th!t

f#r e" fr# the tw# c#((e!.*es th!t re,iewe" the Instr*cti#n!( P(!n !n" c# p(ete" the

Instr*cti#n!( R*&ric were the nee" f#r extr! ti e re(e,!nt t# the st*"' !n" the nee" f#r

extr! ti e t# te!ch the st*"ents CARS) These the es were si.nific!nt t# the st*"' !n"

!((#we" the rese!rcher n#t #n(' t# exten" the rese!rch win"#w% &*t !(s# t# "ecre!se the

n* &er #f re!"in. str!te.ies i p(e ente" !n" t!*.ht fr# twent' "#wn t# fi,e)

The (iter!t*re re,iew s*pp#rts the nee" f#r #re ti e) The !""iti#n #f #re ti e

p*ts si.nific!nce #n wh!t w!s enti#ne" &' T#ppin. !n" P!*( 65 7% ti e !((#c!te" t#

re!"in. "#es n#t necess!ri(' e0*!te t# ti e en.!.e" in re!"in.% p!rtic*(!r(' !t the ri.ht

(e,e( !n" s*ccessf*(('J 6p)22?7) D*rin. the st*"'% the tre!t ent .r#*p w!s !s$e" t# st!rt

the c(!ss peri#" e!ch "!' with !t (e!st ten in*tes #f "e"ic!te" re!"in. re(!te" t# the

c*rrent (ess#n !n" *sin. the #st recent re!"in. str!te.ies (e!rne") D*rin. this ti e

!n' st*"ents were #&ser,e" #ff/t!s$8 chec$in. there ce((*(!r "e,ices #r t!($in. with

their c(!ss !tes) After the st*"ents were re/.*i"e" t# their !ssi.ne" t!s$% the ti e the'

h!" (eft w!s e,en #re i p#rt!nt)

T# !nswer F#c*s =*esti#n Tw#% the in"epen"ent t/test r!n #n the pre/test sc#res

&etween the c#ntr#( .r#*p !n" tre!t ent .r#*p sh#we" the C w!s 5)B !n" the res*(ts

fr# the t/test w!s t 6>57 4)52?% pV )43 #n ! #ne t!i(e" test) This t/test sh#we" th!t th

.r#*ps were re(!ti,e(' e0*!( in !&i(it' !n" pri#r $n#w(e".e #f the !teri!( !t the

&e.innin. #f the st*"') Since the #&t!ine" ,!(*e #f 4)52? w!s (ess th!n the critic!( ,!(*e

>>


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I p!ctin. Re!"in.

#f 5)B 6!s sh#wn in T!&(e >)5/In"epen"ent t/Test- Pre/test t# Pre/test7% then the n*((

h'p#thesis w!s !ccepte" &ec!*se there w!s n# si.nific!nt "ifference in the pre/test sc#res

fr# the c#ntr#( .r#*p when c# p!re" t# the pre/test sc#res #f the tre!t ent .r#*p)

At the &e.innin.% i""(e% !n" en" #f the st*"'% the st*"ent s ELA .r!"es were

.!there" t# see if CARS w!s h!,in. !n i p!ct !cr#ss the c*rric*(* ) The .r!"es #f the

tre!t ent .r#*p !n" c#ntr#( .r#*p were !n!(';e" *sin. !n ANO A) The sin.(e f!ct#r

ANO A f#r the tre!t ent .r#*p res*(t w!s f 62%3?75) 3% pV)43) The sin.(e f!ct#r ANO A

f#r the c#ntr#( .r#*p res*(t w!s f 62%BB75)??% pV)43) There w!s n# si.nific!nt "ifference

! #n. the tw# .r#*ps) The n*(( h 'p#thesis w!s !ccepte") The "!t! .!there" fr# the

ANO As !(s# sh#we" th!t th .r#*ps h!" !n incre!se in their se ester !,er!.es

fr# the &e.innin. t# the en" #f the st*"')

After the i p(e ent!ti#n #f CARS% the tre!t ent .r#*p !n" c#ntr#( .r#*p th

t##$ the s! e ninth .r!"e pr!ctice EOCT f#r re!"in. c# prehensi#n !n" s$i((s f#r !

p#st/test) The in"epen"ent t/test r!n #n the p#st/test sc#res &etween the c#ntr#( .r#*p !n"

tre!t ent .r#*p% the C w!s 5)B !n" the res*(ts fr# the t/test w!s t 6< 7 5)>23% PV )43

#n ! #ne t!i(e" test) The p*rp#se #f this t/test w!s t# fin" if th .r#*ps were re(!ti,e('

e0*!( in !&i(it' !fter the !" inistr!ti#n #f CARS t# the tre!t ent .r#*p) The res*(ts #f

the t/test in"ic!te" !n #&t!ine" ,!(*e #f 4)5>2) This w!s (ess th!n the critic!( ,!(*e #f

5)B ) S!($in" 624547 rec# en"s the *se #f !n effect si;e c!(c*(!t#r t# "eter ine

"ifference &etween tw# .r#*ps) Usin. C#hen s d % !n effect si;e #f 4)4444 w!s

c!(c*(!te") This sc#re is within the 4)4 t# 4)2 r!n.e% !n effect si;e th!t is c#nsi"ere"

s !(() The .r#*ps tren"e" t#w!r"s &e ,er' si i(!r !n" #,er(!p entire(' 6S!($in"% 24547)

The n*(( h'p#thesis w!s !ccepte" &ec!*se there w!s n# si.nific!nt "ifference in the p#st/

>3


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I p!ctin. Re!"in.

test sc#res fr# the c#ntr#( .r#*p when c# p!re" t# the p#st/test sc#res #f the tre!t ent

.r#*p)

The 0*!(it!ti,e "!t! *se" t# !nswer F#c*s =*esti#n Three c! e fr# ! ref(ecti,e

9#*rn!( $ept &' e) As enti#ne" &' Hen"ric$s 6244 7% '#*r 9#*rn!( wi(( !((#w '#* t#

see the es !n" p!tterns th!t !' &e i p#rt!ntJ 6p)7) One #f the tw# the es th!t

e er.e" !t the &e.innin. #f the rese!rch w!s the tre!t ent .r#*p s resist!nce t# (e!rn #r

*se the re!"in. str!te.ies) The st*"ents h!" &een recei,in. the s! e e"*c!ti#n!( f#r !t

f#r nineteen wee$s% !n" then the' were exp#se" t# s# ethin. new) St*"ents were he!r"

c# entin.% This is st*pi" !n" ! w!ste #f ti eXJ St*"ents !(s# c# ente" th!t the'fe(t% &e(itt(e" !n" st*pi"J% f#r h!,in. t# *se the CARS) CARS were "escri&e" t# the

tre!t ent .r#*p !s !""iti#n!( str!te.ies t# .!ther $e' inf#r !ti#n fr# the textJ)

The ne.!ti,e !ttit*"e #f the st*"ents c#ntin*e" *nti( the sec#n" wee$ #f the st*"')

@' th!t ti e the' h!" fi.*re" #*t th!t I w!s n#t .#in. t# ch!n.e wh!t w!s &ein.

presente" !n" th!t resist!nce w!s f*ti(e) As the e"*c!t#r !n" rese!rcher% it w!s the

t#*.hest ti e f#r e n#t $n#win. if CARS w#*(" w#r$ !n" &ein. (eer' #f ch!n.e in '

c(!ssr## )

The sec#n" the e th!t e er.e" w!s th!t st*"ents &ec! e #re !cceptin. !s the

(ess#ns &e.!n t# inc(*"e #re !n" #re CARS) This !ccept!nce &' the st*"ents !"e it

e!sier f#r e t# present !n" exp(!in CARS "*rin. the (ess#ns) The (!r.est ! #*nt #f ti e

w!s spent #n the p!rt #f CARS c!((e" Activating Prior !nowledge % #r AP! ) The !9#rit'

#f the st*"ents #n(' $new !*t e er.enc' prep!re"ness fr# wh!t the' h!" seen #n

te(e,isi#n) Cert!in('% E er.enc' Prep!re"ness w#*(" n#t e,en &e ! s*&9ect th!t !

teen!.er w#*(" t'pe int# ! c# p*ter f#r ! se!rch #n #*T*&e)c# )

>B


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I p!ctin. Re!"in.

The sec#n" (!r.est ! #*nt #f ti e w!s spent "e!(in. with the st*"ents *r&!n

(e.en"s re(!te" t# e"icine) I c#ntin*!((' "e!(t with wh!t ' .r!n" #ther s!i"J% !n"

s# eti es st*"ents f#*n" #*t th!t .r!n" #ther w!s wr#n.) hi(e the st*"ents en9#'e"

these c#n,ers!ti#ns% I !s !n e"*c!t#r !n" he!(thc!re pr#fessi#n!( (e!rne" ! .re!t "e!(

!*t the st*"ents &!c$.r#*n"s) hen the st*"ents st!rte" t# *se AP! #re% !n#ther

CARS c!((e" Asking "uestions % #r A" % 9*st see e" t# f(#w n!t*r!((' fr# the st*"ents

(e!rnin.) The A" tie" in with the *r&!n (e.en" 0*esti#ns ,er' we(() At this p#int #f the

rese!rch the st*"ents &e.!n t# rese!rch #re fr# their texts !n" trie" t# st* p e!ch

#ther !s we(( !s the e"*c!t#r with the .!there" $n#w(e".e)The st*"ents then *se" ! sc!,en.er h*nt t# he(p #dentif$ ain #deas % #r # # % !n"

Supporting Details % #rSD) At the &e.innin. #f the (ess#n% st*"ents were h!n"e" ! sheet

with "et!i(e" ite s t# fin" in the #$ s ch!pter) The c(!ss &e.!n t# c# pete t# see wh#

w#*(" finish the h*nt first) Up#n c# p(eti#n #f the sc!,en.er h*nt% st*"ents n#te" th!t

the Se%uencing of &vents% #rS" % w!s !(re!"' c# p(ete") @' *sin. f(#wch!rts% st*"ents

were !&(e t# c# p(ete Summari'e the #nformation % #rS# ) It w!s !t this p#int th!t the

st*"ents were .i,en ! Leis*re Re!"in. S*r,e') Desi.ne" t# .i,e the rese!rcher !n i"e! #f

the re!"in. h!&its #f the st*"ents% the s*r,e' #n(' c#nt!ine" tw# 0*esti#ns th!t were

Li$ert ite s) The chi s0*!re st!tistic!( inf#r !ti#n w!s #&t!ine" fr# 0*esti#ns f#*r !n"

fi,e *sin. ! Li$ert sc!(e f#r !t) The tw# 0*esti#ns tren"e" t#w!r" si.nific!nce with their

!nwsers t# #ne ite fr# e!ch 0*esti#n) The "!t! st!te" th!t the !9#rit' #f st*"ents

were #n(' re!"in. #$s !n" !.!;ines (ess th!n fi,e h#*rs per wee$) This w!s

"is!pp#intin. "!t! t# *nc#,er !s ! rese!rcher)

Di$c $$ion

>?


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I p!ctin. Re!"in.

L##$in. thr#*.h ! h#(istic (ens% s# e p#ssi&(e re!s#ns e er.e !s t# wh' the

res*(ts sh#we" n# i pr#,e ent !cr#ss the c*rric*(* ) One re!s#n th!t e er.e" w!s th!t

the ELA te!chers set *p their instr*cti#n!( p(!ns "ifferent(' fr# e!ch #ther) If the

instr*cti#n!( p(!ns were sh!re" !s ! "ep!rt ent% then the st*"' c#*(" e(i in!te this

re!s#n) The "ifferent ELA e"*c!t#rs !(s# cre!te their #wn .r!"in. sc!(e within the c#*nt'

rec# en"!ti#ns) Once !.!in% if the ELA "ep!rt ent &!se" their .r!"es #n the s! e

sc!(e !n" percent!.e #f !ssi.n ents% the ELA e"*c!t#rs ,!rie" instr*cti#n!( p(!ns !n"

.r!"in. sc!(es !s ! re!s#n #f f!i(*re c#*(" &e re #,e") An#ther re!s#n t# c#nsi"er is the

f!ct th!t the st*"ents in the st*"' h!" ei.ht "ifferent ELA c(!sses ! #n. the ) E!ch.r!"e (e,e( h!s their &!sic ELA c(!ss !s we(( !s their #wn *pper (e,e( #r A",!nce"

P(!ce ent 6AP7 c#*rse% !n" the e(e,enth !n" twe(fth .r!"e c(!sses !(s# #ffer h#n#r

c#*rses) Sep!r!te c#"in. w#*(" nee" t# &e i p(e ente" !n" p*((e" t# "iscern the "!t!

fr# e!ch s*&/.r#*p !n" .r!"e) This st*"' "i" n#t .# int# th!t *ch "et!i()

O*tc# e "!t! sh#we" n# i pr#,e ent !cr#ss the c*rric*(* !s I h!"

h'p#thesi;e" &*t sc#res within the c(!ssr## "i" i pr#,e% !n" I re!(i;e" th!t #re ti e

is nee"e" t# *ti(i;e CARS in the c(!ssr## ) If CARS h!" &een i p(e ente" f#r the entire

'e!r% #r if CARS h!" &een i p(e ente" !t the &e.innin. #f the st*"ents three 'e!r

9#*rne' thr#*.h ' c(!ssr## inste!" #f in the sec#n"% I &e(ie,e the #*tc# es !' h!,e

&een str#n.er% n#t #n(' in the c(!ssr## % &*t !cr#ss the c*rric*(* ) There is c#herent

e,i"ence t# !ssert th!t CARS w!s &enefici!( !n" f*rther rese!rch in this !re! is nee"e"

fr# CTE c(!ssr## s)

The !" inistr!ti#n #f CARS t# the st*"ents #f these EDP c(!sses *se" ! *ni0*e

instr*cti#n!( techni0*e t# e"*c!te the ) @' *sin. str*ct*r!( c#rr#r!ti#n% this st*"'

>


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I p!ctin. Re!"in.

ens*re" cre"i&i(it'% !(s# $n#wn !s tri!n.*(!ti#n) D!t! were .!there" fr# *(tip(e

s#*rces "*rin. this rese!rch) Ref(ecti,e 9#*rn!(s &' the te!cher% s*r,e's &' the st*"ents%

!n" written !ssess ents in the f#r #f ! pr!ctice EOCT he(pe" ens*re re(i!&i(it' !n"

,!(i"it' t# .*!r!ntee cre"i&i(it' re(!te" t# e!ch f#c*s 0*esti#n) T# ens*re f!irness% !n'

#pp#sin. ,iews w#*(" h!,e &een presente" in Ch!pter Tw#% the Liter!t*re Re,iew)

A(th#*.h ! th#r#*.h re,iew #f the (iter!t*re w!s perf#r e"% !(( #f the (iter!t*re s*pp#rts

the nee" t# i pr#,e st*"ents re!"in. !n" c# prehensi#n s$i((s in !(( c(!sses !n" n#

#pp#sin. (iter!t*re w!s (#c!te" "*rin. this st*"')

Implication$

The 0*!ntit!ti,e "!t! res*(ts .!there" in"ic!te" the tre!t ent .r#*p h!" ! .!in

when c# p!re" t# the c#ntr#( .r#*p !fter CARS w!s i p(e ente" #n the pr!ctice EOCT

f#r re!"in. c# prehensi#n !n" s$i((s) The 0*!ntit!ti,e "!t! !(s# sh#we" th!t the

tre!t ent .r#*p f!i(e" t# pr#"*ce ! si.nific!nt(' hi.her .r!"e in their ELA c(!ss !cr#ss

the c*rric*(* ) C*rrent('% the "!t! .!there" is n#t str#n. en#*.h t# p!ss 9*". ent #n !

(!r.er p#p*(!ti#n !t this ti e with#*t f*rther rese!rch) This st*"' c!n &e rep(ic!te" with

!n' CTE c(!ss) This !&i(it' t# rep(ic!te .i,es the st*"' referenti!( !"e0*!c')

The ,er' i p#rt!nt 0*!(it!ti,e "!t! res*(ts f#*n" th!t se,er!( the es e er.e")

The Instr*cti#n!( P(!n R*&ric in"ic!te" the nee" f#r #re ti e) M#re ti e w!s nee"e"

f#r the st*"' !n" #re ti e w!s nee"e" t# i p(e ent CARS in the c(!ssr## ) Gener!(

c#n,ers!ti#n with sch##( c#((e!.*es in"ic!te" the nee" f#r !(( c(!sses t# &e *ti(i;in.

CARS in their "!i(' p*rs*its #f e"*c!ti#n) Se,er!( c#((e!.*es insiste" th!t CARS sh#*("

&e ! &!c$ne f#r !(( Instr*cti#n!( P(!ns fr# pri !r' e"*c!ti#n thr#*.h p#st/sec#n"!r'

e"*c!ti#n)

>


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I p!ctin. Re!"in.

The 0*!(it!ti,e "!t! .!there" !(s# in"ic!te" th!t st*"ents nee" t# p*t .re!ter

e ph!sis #n (eis*re re!"in.) E(ectr#nic !n" s#ci!( e"i! !re c#nst!nt(' &!r"in. the

'#*th #f the w#r(") This h!s f#rce" s# e newsp!pers !n" !.!;ines t# .# &!n$r*pt)

Other f#r s #f print !re n#w 9* pin. t# the e(ectr#nic f#r !t ,i! s*ch e/#$ re!"in.

,esse(s !s Kin"(e [ % I/P!"[ !n" N##$ [ ) Text/#$ p*&(ishers !re n#w f#((#win. s*it &'

#fferin. the c(!ssr## text ,i! e/#$ re!"ers) It c!n #n(' &e h#pe" th!t st*"ents wi(( &e

excite" en#*.h t# c#nsi"er re!"in. #re th!n the' "# n#w with #ne #f these "e,ices)

@#th the 0*!(it!ti,e !n" 0*!ntit!ti,e res*(ts #f this st*"' h!,e he(pe" &etter e !s !n

e"*c!t#r)C!t!('tic ,!(i"it' w!s !chie,e" f#r th e !n" the st*"ents% &ec!*se I w!s !&(e

t# *se "ifferent instr*cti#n!( str!te.ies t# e"*c!te ' st*"ents) The rese!rch en(i.htene"

e t#w!r"s new instr*cti#n!( str!te.ies t# c#nsi"er) The st*"ents !(s# &enefite" fr#

CARS &ec!*se it !((#we" the t# *ti(i;e "ifferent t##(s t# .!in $n#w(e".e) I c!n #n('

h#pe th!t the st*"ents in the tre!t ent .r#*p wi(( c#ntin*e t# *se the new str!te.ies

#&t!ine" "*rin. the st*"')

Impact on St dent +earning

Up#n the c# p(eti#n #f this st*"'% it w!s n#te" thr#*.h 0*!ntit!ti,e "!t! fr# the

pre/test !n" p#st/test #f the tre!t ent .r#*p th!t st*"ent sc#res were i p!cte" in !

p#siti,e w!') The tre!t ent .r#*p s "epen"!nt t/test sh#we" ! < incre!se in their

re!"in. c# prehensi#n !n" s$i((s sc#re #n the pr!ctice EOCT) The c#ntr#( .r#*p s

"epen"!nt t/test sh#we" ! > "ecre!se in their re!"in. c# prehensi#n !n" s$i((s sc#re

#n the pr!ctice EOCT) The 0*!ntit!ti,e "!t! !(s# sh#ws th!t the i p(e ent!ti#n #f CARS

t# the tre!t ent .r#*p "i" n#t ne.!ti,e(' !ffect the pr!ctice EOCT sc#re)

34


51/58

I p!ctin. Re!"in.

The tre!t ent .r#*p in this st*"' h!" #re 0*esti#ns !n" c#n,ers!ti#ns !*t the

!teri!( th!n the c#ntr#( .r#*p !n" see e" #re en.!.e" when "isc*ssin. ,!ri#*s

scen!ri#s th!t w#*(" #cc*r fr# !n/ !"e #r n!t*r!( "is!sters) The tre!t ent .r#*p !(s#

!chie,e" hi.her c(!ss !,er!.es #n c# p!r!&(e c(!ss !ssess ents% written !n" pr!ctic!()

The !9#rit' #f the st*"ents in the tre!t ent .r#*p en9#'e" the new str!te.ies &ein.

t!*.ht% which i pr#,e" the c(!ssr## !t #sphere !n" !((#we" f#r &etter st*"ent t#

st*"ent inter!cti#n% !s re(!te" t# (e!rnin.% !s we(( !s st*"ent t# e"*c!t#r f#r te!chin.)

Recommendation$ for ! t re Re$earch

F*rther rese!rch is nee"e" in this !re!) H#we,er% there wi(( nee" t# &e se,er!(ch!n.es !"e t# tr*(' e!s*re the i p!ct #f CARS in ! CTE c(!ssr## ) The first step

wi(( nee" t# &e !n incre!se in the rese!rch ti e) The st*"' #ri.in!((' st!rte" with fifteen

wee$s p(!nne" f#r rese!rch) Thr#*.h the c# ents #f !n experience" e"*c!t#r s re,iew

#f the Instr*cti#n!( P(!n% the st*"' w!s exten"e" t# ei.hteen wee$s) At ini * % !n

incre!se t# the entire sch##( 'e!r% thirt'/six wee$s% wi(( &e nee"e") The sec#n" step wi((

re0*ire !(( CTE c(!ssr## s in the sch##( t# i p(e ent CARS) St*"ents *s*!((' t!$e tw#

e(ecti,e c(!sses "*rin. the sch##( 'e!r) This wi(( !((#w the st*"' .r#*p t# &e *ch (!r.er%

p#tenti!((' c# p#sin. #f !( #st the entire st*"ent "') If the Ph'sic!( E"*c!ti#n !n"

M*sic/Art c(!sses c#*(" !(s# #ffer CARS in their (ess#ns% !n i p!ct in the st*"ents

.r!"es !cr#ss the c*rric*(* in their ELA c(!ssr## s i.ht &e n#te") Prep!r!ti#ns f#r

step tw# wi(( nee" t# &e.in !t (e!st six #nths &ef#re the st!rt #f the 'e!r in #r"er t# tr!in

the te!chers #n the *se #f CARS in their c#ntent !re!) Step three i.ht &e the #st

"iffic*(t t# i p(e ent) A(( ELA e"*c!t#rs w#*(" nee" t# &e *sin. the s! e instr*cti#n!(

p(!ns !n" .r!"in. #*t(ines) !ri!ti#ns in instr*cti#n fr# the ELA te!chers w#*(" n#t

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52/58

I p!ctin. Re!"in.

sh#w th!t CARS is h!,in. !n i p!ct #n st*"ents .r!"es fr# !cr#ss the c*rric*(* % &*t

r!ther it w#*(" #n(' !((#w the #ther e"*c!t#rs the !&i(it' t# e!s*re their #wn s*ccess

with the st*"ents *sin. CARS)

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53/58

I p!ctin. Re!"in.

Reference$@*i("in. Res#*rcef*( In"i,i"*!(s t# De,e(#p Ge#r.i! s Ec#n# ' Act%

Offici!( C#"e #f Ge#r.i! Ann) 24/2/


54/58

I p!ctin. Re!"in.

str!te.ies !&i(it' re(!te t# re!"in. c# prehensi#n #f hi.h sch##( st*"ents !t

"ifferent e"*c!ti#n!( (e,e(s ) 2ournal of 3esearch in 3eading ) 2> 627% 5 ?/24>)

L!Gr!n.e C#((e.e E"*c!ti#n!( Dep!rt ent) 6244 7) The conceptual framework )

L!Gr!n.e% GA- L!Gr!n.e C#((e.e

McKenn!% M) C)% : R#&ins#n% R) D) 65 47) C#ntent (iter!c'- A "efiniti#n !n"

i p(ic!ti#ns) 2ournal of 3eading4 .54 5 >/5 B)

N!ti#n!( @#!r" f#r Pr#fessi#n!( Te!chin. St!n"!r"s) 624427) 6hat teachers should know

and 1e a1le to do) A*.*st% 2442) Retrie,e" Septe &er % 2454% fr# the #r("

i"e e&- http- www)n&pts)#r. the+st!n"!r"s the+ fi,e+c#re+pr#p#siti#P!r$% T) D)% : Osrne% E) 6244B7) A.riscience te!chers !ttit*"es t#w!r" i p(e ent!ti#n

#f c#ntent !re! re!"in. str!te.ies) 2ournal of Agricultural &ducation4 >?6>7% < /

35)

P!r$% T) D)% : Osrne% E) 6244?7) Re!"in. str!te.' instr*cti#n in sec#n"!r' !.ric*(t*r!(

science c#*rses- !n initi!( perspecti,e re!"in.) Career and Technical &ducation

3esearch4 /?3)

Penisten% 1) 65


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ine0*!(it'- Liter!c' in the U)S) fr# !n intern!ti#n!( perspecti,e) Polic$

#nformation Center4 &ducational Testing Service4 P#C-T6#7 % 2/>>)

T#ppin.% K)% : P!*(% T)% 65 7) C# p*ter/!ssiste" !ssess ent #f pr!ctice !t

re!"in.- A (!r.e sc!(e s*r,e' *sin. Acce(er!te" Re!"er "!t!) 3eading and

6riting "uarterl$4 536


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In$tr ctional PlanTe!cher N! e S*&9ect-'ar# El$e(8Emergenc( > Di$a$terPreparedne$$: 3? th 5536th grade

D!tes #f I p(e ent!ti#n-!ebr ar( 63555 'a( 690 6?33

GPS-CTAE5!S53 Technical S#ill$: Le!rners !chie,e technic!( c#ntent s$i((s necess!r' t# p*rs*e the f*(( r!n.e #f c!reers f#r !(( p!thw!'s in the pr#.r! c#ncentr!ti#n)

CTAE5!S56 Academic !o ndation$: Le!rners !chie,e st!te !c!"e ic st!n"!r"s !t #r !,e .r!"e (e,e()

CTAE5!S57 Comm nication$: Le!rners *se ,!ri#*s c# *nic!ti#n s$i((s in expressin. !n"interpretin. inf#r !ti#n)

CTAE5!S51 Problem Sol&ing and Critical Thin#ing: Le!rners "efine !n" s#(,e pr#&(e s% !n" *se pr#&(e /s#(,in. !n" i pr#,e ent eth#"s !n" t##(s)

CTAE5!S59 Information Technolog( Application$: Le!rners *se *(tip(e inf#r !ti#ntechn#(#.' "e,ices t# !ccess% #r.!ni;e% pr#cess% tr!ns it% !n" c# *nic!te

inf#r !ti#n)

,ell A$$ignment8Do No" - E!ch "!' f#r 54 in*tes "*rin. the rese!rch ti e% the tre!t ent.r#*p st!rte" c(!ss with !n !ssi.ne" !re! t# re!" within the c#ntent !re! #f the c#*rse)

E$$ential % e$tion@$ : CAN READING COMPREHENSION AND SKILLS @EIMPACTED ACROSS THE CURRICULUM FROM A HEALTHCARE SCIENCECLASSROOM

Acti&ate +earning8Teaching In$tr ction:

EBP+AINSt dent$ in the treatment gro p "ere ta ght Content Area Reading Strategie$0 CARS0in cla$$ d ring the re$earch time2

@ef#re &e.innin. t# re!"% thin$ !*t the p*rp#ses f#r re!"in.) S*r,e' the re!"in.) L##$ !t the s*&he!"in.s% i((*str!ti#ns% .r!phs !n" "!r$ print) Use c#ntext c(*es 6re!"in. &etween the (ines in #r"er t# infer the e!nin. #f

*n$n#wn w#r"s7)

C+ASS8-ROUP PRACTICE R#*n" Re!"er A/] @(#c$s Re!" !n" Te(( Sc!,en.er H*nt

PRACTICE IN PAIRS

3B


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Le!rners st*"' the c#ntent !teri!( in p!irs% !n" then sh!re with !n#ther .r#*p #f p!irs #r the c(!ss)

St*"ents re,iew !n" s* !ri;e c#ntent !re! !rtic(es !n" rep#rt #n their fin"in.s in !rep#rt) Rep#rts !re e,!(*!te" *sin. ! te!cher !"e r*&ric #r rese!rch r*&ric fr#www)te!chn#(#.')c# )

PRACTICE A+ONE St*"ents pr!ctice re!"in. !(#ne) An!(';e the c#ntent !re! !teri!( !n" i p(e ent re!"in. str!te.ies) er&!(i;e the c#ntent !re! re!"in. !ssi.n ents)

E*A+UATE UNDERSTANDIN-Assessments:

St*"ents c# p(ete ! Pre/Test : P#st Test #n re!"in. c# prehensi#n : s$i((s !t the &e.innin. !n" en" #f the rese!rch) This w!s ! pr!ctice ninth .r!"e EOCT .i,en t#

hi.h sch##( st*"ents) St*"ents c# p(ete" ! Leis*re Re!"in. S*r,e'J !t the &e.innin. #f the rese!rch) St*"ent .r!"es were p*((e" fr# their ELA c(!ss three ti es "*rin. the rese!rch%

&e.innin.% i""(e !n" en") The sc#res #&t!ine" "eter ine if the re!"in. str!te.iest!*.ht !re !ffectin. the st*"ent s .r!"e !cr#ss the c*rric*(* )

S mmari ing Strategie$:K% % L F#*r C#rners Tic$et #*t the

D##r The !,e

Sentence C# p(eti#n I #n"er^ Fi(( ! w#r" Exit Tic$et

Technolog(8'aterial$ Needed:LCD pr#9ect#r% #,erhe!" pr#9ect#r% h!n"#*ts

'odification$8Accommodation$ Needed:C*rrent(' in the EDP c(!sses we h!,e n# st*"ents with !n IEP #r nee"in. #"ific!ti#ns #fthe (ess#ns)

3?


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Appendi= ,+EISURE READIN- SUR*E.

5) Gen"er 6circ(e #ne7- M!(e Fe !(e

2) Gr!"e (e,e(+++++++++++++++++++++++

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