DISCUSSION-FORECASTING TEE WEATHER BY MEANS OF MONTHLY AFERAGES. 179

DISCUSSION. Nr. ROSTRON remarked that the last five Febniarys have been abnormally cold,

but irnruedi&ly before that period they were nbnormauy warm. I f the cold Febnixys continued for some ye<m they would of course restore the mean, but the question was how long wozrld this reaction go on 7

APPLICATION OF PHOTOGRAPHY T O METEOROLOGY.

Elwenth Annual Exhibition of Instmments, Held, by permission of the Conncil of the Institution of Civil Engineers, at

25 Great George Street, Westminster, S.W.

MARCH 1 8 ~ ~ to 21ST, 1890.

PHOTOGRAPHIC METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS. 1. Specimens of the Thermometer Tubes used in the Kew Pattern Thermo-

graph, and described in the Repold of the 3Ieteo~ological Cbuncil of the Royal Society for 1867. Exhibited by the METEOROLOGICAL COUI~CIL.

2. Scale and reading glasses for tabulating Barograms. Exhibited by the METEOROLOGICAL COUNCIL.

3; Scale for tabulating Thermograms. Ekhi6i lec~ by the METEOROLOGICAL COUNCIL.

4. Chehical Photometer devised by Sir H..Roscoe, M.P., F.R.S, By means of this Instrument a strlp of paper 1s SO exposed to daylight that the time requisite to produce a definite chemical effeet can be calculated to deconds. The espoaure of the paper is effected by pasting pieces of standard sensitive paper upon a band, and inserting this into a thiri metal slide having a small opening at the top furnished with a cover, which catl be made instantly to open or close the hole under which the sensitive paper is placed.

Exhibited by TEE KEW COMBIITTEE. 5 Experimental Instrument for Recording the Intensity of Daylight, the

results being obtained by causing a disc of sensitized paper to revolve behind a screen with a rec tangda aperture. Exhibi ted by J. B. JORDAN.

6. Jordan’s Sunshine Becorder. First Pattern (%Iarch 1885.) This instru- ment consists of a cylindrical box, on the insidc of vhich is placed a slip of cyanotype paper. Sunlight being admitted into this box by three small apertures, is received on the paper, and travelling over i f by reason of the earth‘s rotation, Ieaves a distinct trace of chemical action.

Exhibited by J. B. JORDAN.

7. Joj-dan’8 Sunshine Recorder. Improved pattern. (Xovember 18S5.) I n

Exhibited by J. B. JORDAN,

(First Pattern, 1663.)

,this instrument two apertures are wed instead of three.

180 $XHfBITION OF METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENT8 I

8. Jordan's Sunshine Recorder. New pattern. (March 1888.) The improvement in this instrument over the others consists in using two hemi-cylindrical boxes, one to contain the morning and the other the afternoon record. An aperture for admitting the beam of sunlight is placed in the centre of the rectangular side of each box, so that the leu th of the beam within the chamber is the radius of the cylindrical surface on which it is rojected ; its path therefore follows a straight line on the paper at alf seasons. The hemi-cylinders are placed with their diametrd planes at an angle of 60". Exhibited by J. B. JORDAN.

This instrument consists of a glass sphere, silvered inside and placed before the lens of a camera, the axis of the instrument being placed parallel to the polar axis of the earth. The light from the sun is reflected from the sphere, and some of it, pawing through the lens, forms an image on a piece of prepared paper within the camera. In consequence of the rotation of the earth, the image describes the arc of a circle on the paper, and when the sun is obscured this arc is broken. Exhibited by THE KEW COMMITTEE.

10. Photo-Nephograph designed by Captain Abney, F.R.S., for the Meteoro- logical Council, for the registration of the velocity and direction of motion of clouds. See Re orts of the Meteorological Council for the years 1879 and 1881. i z h i b i t e d by the METEOROLOGICAL COUNCIL.

11. Slide Rule designed by Gen. Straehey, F.R.S., for obtaining the height and distance of clouds from the pictures yielded by the cloud cameras,

Exhibited by the METEOROLOGICAL COUNCIL.

9 McLeod's Sunshine Recorder.

INSTRUMENTS NOT PREVIOUSLY EXHIBITED. 12. Instrument for showing the velocity of the wind. The shaft of an

anemometer is connected with the shaft of the instrument, and in turn- ing works the small centrifugal pump, thus raising the level of the mercury in the long cistern, The deflexion of the pendulum from the vertical position is proportional to the rate of turning, and thus gives a uniform scale. Exhibited by R. W. BIuNRO, F.R.Met.Soc.

13. Instrument for showing the pressure of the wind from a velocity anemometer. The arrangement is the same as in the preceding in- strument, but the fall of the float in the small circular cistern is pro- portional to the square of the velocity and therefore to the wind ressure, thus giving a scale of pressure with the divisions at uniform {stances.

Exhibited by R. W. ?du~~o,F.R.Met.Boc. The bulb and scale are connected

with a metal tube, which may have any length. I n order to compensate for the various temperatures through which the tube passes a second tube of eqnal calibre (called the compensator) runs by the s'ide of the first ; but, instead of having a bulb, it terminates in a sealed end, and is consequently affected only by the various temperatures through which it passes. The temperature is read off on the thermometer by a sliding index scale, the arrow point on the right being set to the level of fluid in the compensating tube, and the temperature being indicated on the opposite tube. Eahibited by J. LONG.

15. Draper's Self-Recording Thermometer. I n this instrument a clock rotates a disc, on which is placed a chart, indicating by radiating divisions the hours of the day and days of the week, and gives by concentric circles the degrees of temperature fiom 20" beIow zero F. t o 110" above, A lever provided with a pen is supported on anaxis, carried by the expansion and contraction of bi-metallic strips, so that the pen which rests on the chart moves outward and inward from the centre, drawing a line on the surface of the 'chart, showing the temperature at any given time, Exhibited by J. J. HICKS, F.R.Met.Soc.

14. Trotter's Compensating Thermometer.

EXHIBITION O F METEOROLOGIOAL INSTRUMENTS. 181

16. Mlercuria.1 Minimum Thermometer, with lens front.

17. Radial Scale Thermometer. Exhibitedby J. J. U I C ~ , F.R.Met.Soc.

Exhibited by J. J. HICKS, F.R.Met.Soc. 1s. Denton’s Clinical Thermometer Case, with new spring-catch. The slight

strain on the spring (which forms part of the case itself) is only exerted when the lid is being pnt on or off, so that the spring retains its elasticity.

Exhibited by S. G. DENTON.

Exhibited by J. J . HICKS, F.R.Met.Soc. 19. Watkin Aneroid in an aluminium case.

MODELS. 20. Model of the Kew Self-recording Magnetographs. The instrument, erected

in 1657, is arranged to register photographically the variation of the position of a freely suspended Magnetic needle, as well as the intensity of the Horizontal and Vertical Forces acting upon it. A full description is given in the Report of the Briti.sh Association, 1859.

Exhibited by the KEW COMMITTEE.

21. Working Model to show the connection between the Monsoons and the currents of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.

Elchibited by A. W. CLAYDEN, M.A., F.R.Met.Soc. 22. Model of whirling machine used at Hersham for testing anemometers

Exhibited by W. H. DINES, B.A., F.R.Met.Soc. 23. Model showing manner in which the pair of Photo-Nephographs are

and for experiments on wind pressure. Scale 4 inch to the foot.

mounted for use. Exhibited by the METEOROLOGICAL COUNCIL.

PHOTOGRAPHS AND DRAWINGS OF INSTRUMENTS, bc. 24. Description of Mr. T. B. Jordan’s mode of photographically registering

the indications of Meteorological Instruments. (Report ofthe Royal Comionll Polytechnic Society, 1638.)

Exhibited by the ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY. 25. Brooke’s Photographic Self-Registering Magnetic and Meteorological

Exhibited by W. MARRIOTT, F.R.Met.Soc. 26. Drawings of the Kew pattern Barograph and Thermograph.

Apparatus. Description and illustrations.

1. Barograph. Cover removed. 2. Thermograph. Indoor arrangement. 3. Thermograph. Otitdoor arrangement.

Exhibited by C. EL THOMPSON. 27. Frame containing early autographic records of Magnetograph and

Barograph by the Daguerreotype process ohtained at the Keiv Observa.. tory in 1849. Exhibited by the KEW COMYITTEE.

25. Frame showing various early autographic records obtained at the Kew Observatory. Exhibited by the KEW COBIMITTEE.

29. Engraved Copy of Photographic Record of Dry Bulb and Wet Bulb Thermometers by Old Thermograph on February 16,1549.

Exhibited by W. H. &I, CHRISTIE, F.R.S., Astronomer Royal.

182 EXHIBlTfON OF XETEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS.

30. Photographic Record of Dry Bulb and Wet Bulb.Thermometers by New

Exhibited by W. H . M. CHRISTIE, F.R.S., Astronomer Royal.

Exhibited by W. H. M. CHRISTIE, F.R.S., Astronomer Royal.

Thermograph on October 13-14, 1889.

31. Three photographic views of the new Thermograph.

32. Photographic Record. of Barometer on September 2-3,1889. Exhibzted by W. H. M. CHRISTIE, F.R.S., Astronomer Royal.

33. Photographic Record of Atmospheric Electricity by Thomson's Electro- meter on March 16-17 and July 11-12,1889, and o.n February 23-24, and

Exhibited by W. H. M. CHRISTIE, F.R.S., Astronomer Royal. 34. Four Photographic views showing the positions of Meteorological In-

Exhibited by E. E. MCCLELUN. 35. Photographic Barograms showing the barometric oscillation due to the

Erakatoa eruption, August, 1883. The stations shown are Bombay, Mauritius, Aberdeen, Valencia, Toronto, and Melbourne.

Exhibited by the METEOROLOGICAL COUKCIL.

March 4-5, 1890.

struments a t the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, 1890.

36. Selection of Barogrms and Thermograms. 1. Passage of depressions or storm centres. 2. Sudden Changes of Temperature. 3. Changes of Tem erature and Pressure during a Thunderstorm at

Kew, at 4 p.m. May 8&, 1871. 4. Thermogram. A Summer's day. Kew, August 13th, 1876.

Difference between dry and wet a t 5 a.m., 0"*5 ; at 2 p.m., 22'17. 5. Thermo ram, showing remarkable variations of hygrometric c o n

ditions, Aberieen, August 12th, 1878. Difference between dry and wet at 2 p.m., 8"-9 ; 3 pm., 4O.6 ; 4 p.m., 4O.3 ; and 5 pm., 10O.3.

6. Oscillation of the barometer at Falmonth, January 29th, 1889, 6 p.m., to 30th, 8 a.m. Temperature and wind direction are shown for comparison. Exhibited by the METEOROLOGICAL COUNCIL.

37. Traces of the Curves from the Self-recording Instruments at the Rad- cliffe Observatory, Oxford, showing R remarkable disturbance 011 the morning of March 8th, 1889. [By permission of the Radcliffe Ob- server.) Exhibited 69 F. A. BELUMY, F.R.Met.Soc.

39. Curve showing the relation between the pressure and velocity of the wind. Exhibited by W. a. DINES, B.A., F.R.Met.Soc,

3D. Curve showing the normal component of the wind pressure upon a sloping surface, one foot square, the normal pressure being taken as 100, and the pressure at various angles of inclination being expressed proportionately. Exhibited by W. H. DINES, B.A., F.R.Met.Soc.

40. Photographs of experimental apparatus designed for the reduction of Cloud Pictures. Exhibited by the KEW COMMITTEE.

41. Photograph of the Pole Star Recorder in use at the Harvard ColIege Observatory, U.S.A., for registering the cloudiness during the night (see p. 188). Exhibited By Prof. E. C. PIGEERING.

42. Photographs of Aitken's Dust Counters.-1. Showing Mr. Aitken ob- serving with the instrument for use about the hill outside the Ben Kevis Observatory. 2. Instrument for use inside the Observatory, with tubes connecting it with the free atmosphere.

Exhibited by A. BUCHAN, M.A., F.R.S.E. 43. Two Albums containing the Photographs of the Stations of the Royal

Meteorological Eociety, taken by Mr. W. Marriott during the inspec- tions, 1884-1889. Exhibited by the ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY.

EXHIBITION OF METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUNENTS. 183

44. New England Meteorological Society's Exhibition, January 1889. Two Views. Exhibited by A. I,. ROTCR, F.R.Met.Soc.

'FJ. Photograph taken from the Sydney Observatoiy, showing the therrno- meter shed, evaporator, solar theriaometer, Erc., in foreground.

Exhibited by H. C . RUSSELL, B.A., F.R.S. 46. The Seismograph iIi use at the Sydney Observatory, New South Wales.

Exhibited by H. C. RUSSELL, B.A., F.R.S.

47. Diagrams showing the rise and fall of the Tides on the River Thames from February 24th t o March 31-4 1890, as recorded by Adie's Tide Gauge at North Woolwicli and Deptford. The unusnd tide on Feb- ruary 2Sth rose '22 hours before its time, then fell, and 2 hours after rose again. Exhibited bty P. ADIE.

48. View taken at the Meglis Alp on the way to the Santis Observatory, Switzerland, September 7th, 1888.

Exhibited by R. H. SCOTT, M.A,, P.R.S. The present Hew Observa. 43- Map of the Environs of Sion House in 1635.

tory is erectqd on a part of the area. Exhibited by F. GALTON, F.R.S.

PHOTOGBAPHS OF METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA, Lc. 50. Photographic Scale showing Intensity of Sunlight during Solar Eclipse,

Exhibited bg G. J. SYYONS, F.H.S. 51, Photographs of Clouds taken at the Observatory, Boulogne stir Seine

Exhibited by &IONS. PAUL GARXIER,

52. Photographs of Clouds taken at the Specula Vaticana, Rome. Elchibitecl by FADRE F. DEXZA.

53. Photographs of Clouds. Exhibited by A. W. CLAYDEN, MA., F.R.Met.Soc, 51. Photographs of Cirrus Cloud reflected from the surface of the Lake of

Exhibited by DR. A. RIGGENBACH.

July 18th, 1860.

France.

Sarnen, Augnst 1888. 55. Thunder Clouds, Northamptonshire, Jnly 1887.

Exhibiled by D R . DREWITT, 56. Photograph taken at Sea, Strato-cnrnnlus cloLla in front of full moon. This

illustrates the frequent error of artists drawing the moon to subtend an angle of arc larger than in Nature.

Exhibited by DR. J. L. GREEN, F.R.&Iet.Soc. 57. Photographs of Fog, taken from the top of the Worcestershire Beacon,

above the general level of the fog, which covered the whole of the surrounding country, Jannary 12t.11, 1898.

Exhibited by &hssrs. NORMAN kIAY AND CO.

55. Sunset as seen from the Summit of Ben Nevi?. Exhtbzted by B. J. SYSIONS, E'.R,B.

59. Clouds, Alvona Bay, Dalmatia, September 29th, 1859. The monntains range from 3,000 to 6,000 feet. Exhibited by C . HARRISON.

Exhibited by K. &ICT<EAS. 60. Sunsets a t Mitcham. Two views. 61. Frame containing specimens of Cloud photographs and Sun pictures.

Exhibited by the K E w COXACITTEE.

62. Photograph and Enlargement of Cumulus Cloud, taken by Mr. W. Friese Exhibited by G. T. GWILLIAM, F.R.Met.Soc.

63. The Tail of an ordinary Cyclone. Pllotograph taken at the Sydney Greene at Bath.

Observatory, New Sonth Wales. Exhibited by He C. RUSSELL, B.A., F.R,S.

184 EXHIBITION OF METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUPENTS.

64. Tornado Cloud, Jamestown, Dakota, June Gth, 1687. Two Views. The cloud funnel was 12 miles to the north. Exhibited by H. P. CURTIS.

65. Tomado Cloud. Taken in the storm of June 22nd, 1688, showing the spiral- shaped funnel trailing at a considerable altitude in the air at the other side of a Lake, New Hampshire. Exhibited by H. P. CURTIS.

66. Photographs showing the Devastation caused by the Tornado at Rochester, Minnesota, on August 21st, 1663.

Exhibited b y H. P. CURTIS.

67. Stereoscopic Views of the Devastation caused by the Tornado at Exhibited b y H. P. CURTIS.

66. Damage by the Tornado which passed across the Isle of Wight, from

Exhibited Zy G. J. SYMONS, P.R.S. 69. Snow View in the Garden of the Bellerive, Zurich.

Exhibited by W. ELLIS, F.R.Met.Soc. 70. Photographs of Alpine Storm and Snow Effects taken by Mons. Gabriel

Lopp6. Exhibifed by 8. W. FRESHFIELD, F.R.G.S. 71. Photograph of Snow Scene taken by Moonlight at Felton Park,

Northumberland, January 1861. Exhibited by T. J. MURDAY. 72. Snow Scenes, Boston, U.S.A., Winter 1885. Two Views.

Exhibited by H. P. CURTIS. 73. Ice Blockade and Frost Work, U. S. Signal Service Station, Mount

Exhibited bg H. P. CURTIS. 74. Photographs showing thiek Rime on trees at Lincoln on January 7th,

1889. Exhibited by C. J. BROMHEAD, F.R.Met.Soc. 75. TWO Photographs of Hoar-frost. 1. Showing how the front crystals grow

outwards from a branch towards the direction from which the mist has been drifting. 2. Showing how the crystals settle on the edges of leaves.

Exhibited by A. W. CLAYDEN, M.A.,F.R.Met.Soc. 76. h r d r w Scar. Two views : first, Summer flow ; second, Winter view,

January 25th, 1881. The cone at the bottom was a mass of frozen s ray, firm to walk upon, but a stick could be pushed down into it. 'fhe cone was about 30 feet high. The upper part was a hollow icicle, semi-transparent, down the centre of which the water could be seen falling and passing into the cone below, which was opaque,

Exhibited b y G. J. SYMONS, F.R.S. 77. Ioicles near Aysgarth Middle Force, February loth, 1887. Weather

very bright and cloudless, severe hoar-frost, minimum temperature 16O, no snow. Exhibited by REV. 3'. W. STOW, M.A., F.R.Met.Soc.

78. Mill-Gill, near Askrigg, March 4th, 1889, after several days of severe frost. Minimum temperature 11".

Exhibited by REV. F. W. STOW, M A , F.R.Net.Soc,

Exhibited by REV. F. W. STOW, M.A., P.R.Met.Soc,

Grinnell, Iowa, on June 17th, 1684.

Brightstone to Cowes, September 26th, 1876. Four views.

Washington, New Hampshire, during the winter of 1685.

79. Aysgarth Vicarage, Meteorological Station, Xarch 1890.1

60. Snow Drifts a t Southgate, after the great Storm of January 18th, 1881. Exhibited by W. MARRIOTT, F.R.Met.Soc.

81. Ben Nevis Observatory in Winter, Seven views.

82. Niagara in Winter.' Exhibited by G. J. SYYONS, F.R.S. Exhibited by G. J. SYYONS, F.R.S.

EXHIBITION O F ~lETEOROLOGI0AL INSTRUMENTS. 185

83. Trees broken by Rime Frost, near Castle Rising, J a n n a v 7th, 1889. Three Exhibited by C. B. PLOWRIGHT, P.L.S.

84. Photographs showing the extent of the floods on the Severn at Wor- Exhibited by B. B. WETHERALL, F.R.Met.Soc.

85. Photograph showing Railway Bridge between Bransford and Henwick,

Exhibited bv G. B. WETHERALL, F.R.Met.Soc.

views.

cester, May 15th, 1886.

destroyed by the Flood on the Teme, May 14th, 1686.

86. Flood at Rotherham Railway Station,-May 15th, 1886. Two views. Exhibited by E. M. EATON, F.R.Met.Soc.

87. Flood at Chelmsford, August 2nd, 1888. Series of eleven photographs Exhibited by B. J. S Y M O N S , F.R.S.

88. Flood at Bristol, March 9th, 1889. Two views: Broadmead and King Exhibited by G. J. SYMONS, F.R.S.

taken before 10.30 a.m.

Street. 89. Flood at Hereford, Midland Railway Station,

Exhibited by G. J. SYMONS, F.R.S. 90. Aysgarth Force, July 26th, 1888. There had been a heavy thunderstorm

Exhibited by REV. F. W. STOW, M.A., F.R.Met.Soc. on the previous day, bnt the flood had considerably diminished.

91. A Winter Flood. Aysgarth Middle Force, November 28th, 1888.

92. After a Thunderstorm. Aysgarth Upper Force, June 3rd, 1689. Exhibited by REV. F. W. STOW, M.A., F.R.Met.Soc.

Exhibited by REV. F. W. STOF, M.A., F.R.Met.Boc. 93. Photographs of Fleshes of Lightning sent to the Royal Meteorological

Society since March 1869 by :- Mr. H. J. Adams, Beckenham. Mr. A. W. Bates, Putney Messrs. Blanchard and Lnnn, Cambridge. Mr. A. W. Clayden, Tulse Hill Park. MI-. 6. R. Ellis, Cambridge. Mr. R. EL Gill, Woodside Park, N. Mr. A. Godman, St. Albans. Mr. E. A. Golledge, Ilford. Dr. Hoffei-t, Ealing. Mr. J. F. Honeyball. Mr. E. E. McClellan, Greenwich. Mr. L. Medland, North Finchley. Mr. A. W. Nicholls, Peterborongh. Mr. G. J . Ninnies, Bdham. Mr. J. Poi-ter, Sydenham. Dr. A. Riggenbach, Basle, Smitzerland. Rev. A. Rose, Cambridge. Mr. A. Scrivenor, Soothgate. MI-. E, S. Shepherd, Westbourne Grove. Mr. J. Stabb, Bayswater. Mr. R. T. Stokes, Lon Ditton. Mr. J. L. Treadwa &-ouch End, N. Col. Tnpman, F.R.d?, Blackheath. Prof. Weber, Berlin. Mr. G. M. Whipple, Richmond. Mr. J. IT. Yonng, Croydon.

94. Photographs of Electric Sparks, explaining the Formation of Dark images of Lightning flashes. Exhibited 6y A. W. CLAYDEN, &LA., F.R.Met.Soc.

95. Photographs of Electric Sparks illustrating Mr. Clayden's explanation of the Dark images of Lightning flashes.

Exhibited by S. BIDWELL, F.R.S,

186 EXHIBITION OF METEOXOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS.

96. Photographs of oak tme split by lightning, 5.30 p.m. June 6 t h 1889 ; sti-uck again and shivered, 1.30 p.m. June 7th, at Old Farm, Sachel Court, near Cranleigh, Surrey.

Ezhibited by CAW. J. P. MACLEAR, F.R.Met.Soc. Two Views.

G. J . SYMONS, F.R.S. I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ i ~ ~ . .JOHN W. TRIPE, M.D. WILLIAM MARRIDTT, Assistant-Secyetmy.

~~ ~

PROCEEDINGS AT THE MEETINGS OF THE SOCIETY.

MARCH ~STH, 1890.

Ordinary Meeting. HENRY F. BLANFORD, F.R.S., Vice-president, in the Chair.

DAVID BALFOUR, M.Inst.C.E., Myre Hall, Houghton-le-spring ; WILLIAM BELK, M.Inst.C.E., Hartlepool; Capt. GEORGE A. CHADDOCX, The Elms, Lea Bank Road, New Brighton; WILLIAM SANTO CRIMP, Assoc.M.Inst.C.E., London Comty Council, Spring

GEORGE FELLOWS, Beeston Fields, Nottingham: ARCHIBALD EDWARD GARROD, M.A., M.D., M.R.C.P., 9 Chmdos Street, W ; and Capt. HERBERT E. RAWSON, 6 Cornwall Gardens, S.W.,

were balloted for and duly elected Fellows of the Society. The following Papers were read;- ‘$ A BRIEF NOTICE RESPECTING PHOTOGRAPHY IN RELBTION TO METEOROLO-

GICAL WORK.” By G. M. WHIPPLE, B.Sc., F.R.Met.Soc. (p. 141.) ‘ I APPLICATION OF PHOTOGRAPHY TO METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA ’’ By

WILLIAM MARRIOTT, F.R.Met.Soc. @. 146.) On the motion of the CHAIRMAN the thanks of the Society were given to the

Exhibitors for the loan of their instruments, &c.

The Meeting was then adjourned, in order to afford the Fellows an opportunity of inspecting the Exhibition of Instruments, &c., illustrating the application of Photogrsphy to Meteorology, which had been arrmged in the Library of the Institation of Civil Engineers @. 179).

Gardens, S.W. ;

APRIL 1 6 ~ a , 1890. Ordinary Meeting.

BALDWIN LATEAM, M.Inst.C.E., F.G.S., President, in the ChRir. THE MARQUIS OF GALLIDORO, Villa GaJidoro, Palermo; and JAMES MALLET VEEVERS, Magfield, Denton, near Mmchester,

The following Papers were read :- “THE COLD PERIOD AT TEE BEGINNING OF MARCH, 1890.” By CIIARLES

HARDING, F.R.Met.Soc. @. 152.) ‘$THUNDERSTORN A N D WHIRLWIND AT YORK, MARCH ~ T H , 1890.” By J. E.

CLARK, B.A., B.Sc. @, 169.) “ON THE POSSIBILITY OF FORECASTING THE WEATHER BY MEANS OF

LO”lX3LY AVERAGES.” By ALBERT E. WATSON, B.A., F.R.Met.Soc. (p. 178.)

were balloted for and duly elected Fellows of the Society.