elevations – transitions & interpetations · 2019-07-31 · elevations – the basics total...
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Elevations –Transitions & Interpetations
Troy Rudolph CTB, CFB, CTCB Chris Chisam, LEED AP, RLA
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Elevations – The basics
• Vertical control points are used to establish benchmarks throughout the country.
• There are roughly 600,000 vertical control points in the U.S.
• These control points are the basis of all surveys and grading plans.
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Elevations – The basics
Builder’s level• Tripod mounted “scope”• Leveled so view is perfectly
level in all directions
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Elevations – The basics
Transit• A builder’s level
that also measures angles
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Elevations – The basics
Laser Level• Tripod mounted laser.• Usually auto leveling• Can have auto slope adjustment
in a single plane or dual plane.• Automatic receiver interprets
laser beam.
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Elevations – The basics
Total Station• An electronic/optical instrument
using electronic transit theodolite in conjunction with electronic distance meter (EDM)
• It also has an integrated microprocessor, electronic data collector and storage system.
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Elevations – The basics
Elevation Rods
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Elevations – The basics
Direct Elevation Rods• There are many designs and
types for survey and cut/fill purposes.
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Elevations – The basics
Reading Direct Elevation Rods• Red numbers indicate feet.• Black numbers indicate tenths
and hundredths.• Left side of rod allows
measurements to be taken in tenths and hundredths.
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Elevations – The basics
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Elevations – Transitions
Typical Construction Stakes• Labeling of stakes can be
one or two sided.• Fill and cut stakes are
common for mass grading.
• Stake and hub are common for fine grading operations.
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Elevations – Transitions
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Elevations – Transitions
Understanding Contour Lines• Lines represent elevations• Interval of lines will vary
depending on size of area and magnitude of elevation variance.
• Provides us a picture of what the area “looks” like.
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Elevations – Transitions
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Elevations – Transitions
Site Elevations• What elevation would a balanced
site be?• 1,053.925
• What would the elevations be to apply a 1% slope from left to right?
• Left = 1,054.30• Right = 1,053.55
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Elevations – Interpetation
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Elevations – Interpetation
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Project Basics –
• Identifying project requirements and tolerances up front• IAAF, NCAA,NFHS etc…
• Multi-use?
• Additional project requirements• IAAF Certification
• Class 1• Class 2
• ASBA Certifications• Class 3• Class 4• Class 5
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Project Basics
• Requirements
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Project Basics• Requirements
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Project Basics
• RequirementsASBA Class 3 Certification:• The maximum inclination should be one percent (1.0%) across the entire width of
the track and all runways.
• The maximum downward inclination permitted in the running direction for the track, the running direction for all runways, measured over the full length of each, should not exceed one tenth of one percent (0.10%).
• For high jump, the maximum inclination should not exceed four tenths of one percent (0.40%) in the running direction towards the center of the crossbar. Consideration: when a renovated facility falls outside these requirements the use of Class 4 or Class 5 Certification may be applicable.
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Project Basics
• Requirements
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Project Basics• Requirements
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Elevations – The basics
• Requirements• Elevation is a common term for vertical position. • A vertical position is the height of a point relative to some reference surface
point, such as mean sea level, a geoid, or an ellipsoid. • An elevation, in common construction terminology, is always a height above
sea level with average sea level being 000.000’.• Elevations can be measured using a number of tools.
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Elevations – The basics
• Requirements• The maximum inclination should be one percent (1.0%) across the entire
width of the track and all runways.
• What Does this mean in reality?• Typical 8-3.5’ lane track has 29’-4” of surfacing from inside to outside.
• NCAA- 29’-4” * 1% = .2933’ elevation change or 3.52” elevation change maximum from inside to outside of asphalt.
• NFHS- 29’-4” * 2% = .5866’ elevation change or 7.04” elevation change maximum from inside to outside of asphalt.
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Elevations – The basics
• Requirements• The maximum downward inclination permitted in the running direction for
the track, the running direction for all runways, measured over the full length of each, should not exceed one tenth of one percent (0.10%) or .0001
• What Does this mean in reality?• Typical equal quadrant track with 100m (328.083’) Straight
• 0.328’ or 3.937” elevation change
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Elevations – The basics
• Requirements• For high jump, in the last 15m (49.2’) the maximum inclination should not
exceed four tenths of one percent (0.40%) in the running direction towards the center of the crossbar.
• What Does this mean in reality?• 49.2’= 0.1968’ or 2.36”
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Elevations – The basics
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Elevations
Questions?