elen lotman (baltic film and media school; estonian institute of humanities) visual style and...
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Elen Lotman (Baltic Film and Media School; Estonian
Institute of Humanities)
Visual style and it's effect on the perceived empathy towards film
and video game characters
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Cinematography and BFM
• Cinematography taught since 2000
• International MA which has a cinematography module
• Numerous internationally renown cinematographers and cinematography teachers
• Participant in 3 layers of storytelling teaching cinematography project and international JMD KinoEyes
• Rein Maran, Arvo Iho, Jüri Sillart, Mait Mäekivi teaching cinematography
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Three subprocesses of empathyThe neuroscience of empathy: progress, pitfalls and promiseJamil Zaki and Kevin N Ochsner
• Experience sharing: vicariously sharing targets’ internal states;
• mentalizing: explicitly considering (and perhaps understanding) targets’ states and their sources;
• prosocial concern: expressing motivation to improve targets’ experiences (for example, by reducing their suffering)
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Does realism even matter?
• Heidel and Simmel classic animation:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Heider+and+Simmel
• Point-light figures:
http://www.biomotionlab.ca/Demos/BMLwalker.html
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Theory of Mind
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What do we actually see?
Change Blindness:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ahg6qcgoay4
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Ilya Repin’s They Did Not Expect Him/«Не жда́ ли» (aka An Unexpected Visitor, 1884).
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Alfred Yarbus' eye tracking experiment 1965 – free viewing
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Alfred Yarbus' eye tracking experiment 1965 – material circumstances
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Alfred Yarbus' eye tracking experiment 1965 – how long has the visitor been away
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Alfred Yarbus' eye tracking experiment 1965 – spacial layout
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Zoï Kapoula, Qing Yang, Marine Vernet & Maria-Pia Bucci
Eye Movements and Pictorial Space Perception: Studies
of paintings from Francis Bacon and Piero della Francesca
Experiments on the difference between
naïve viewer and art trained viewer
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Francis BaconStudy of a Dog 1952
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There will be blood (Paul Thomas Anderson, 2007)
11 adult viewers were shown the video and their eye movements recorded using an Eyelink 1000 (SR Research) infra-red camera-based eyetracker. Each dot represents the center of one viewer's gaze. The size of each dot represents the length of time they have held fixation.
https://vimeo.com/19788132
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Generally speaking, in blocking and framing a shot, the most important thing is to make sure the audience is looking where you want them to look.
Robert Zemeckis
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Patient SM
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Strongly connected through amygdala activation
Space perception Contrast Affiliative emotion felt by the observer -
empathy
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Size constancy
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Painting from a photo
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Peak shift
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Tinbergen
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Grouping
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Grouping
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Grouping
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Grouping
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Contrast
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Monocular depth cues
2) Linear perspective:
3) Relative size and elevation:
1) Interposition/occlusion
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4. aerial perspective;
atmospheric perspective
(da Vinci)
5. advancing and
receeding colours
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6. Texture gradient:
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7. Lighting and shading
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Motion parallax:
http://psych.hanover.edu/Krantz/MotionParallax/MotionParallax.html
and kinetic depth effect (point-light figures)
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English poet and critic Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) - willing suspension of disbelief
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