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Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel CLIMATOLOGY

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Page 1: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

CLIMATOLOGY

Page 2: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

WEATHER AND CLIMATE

• The weather is a group of characteristics that present the atmosphere in an established time and place.

• The climate is the periodic succession of different types of weather over the years. Because of this, it is necessary to analyze a region during 30 years to establish the climate of a region.

• The science that deals with predicting what the weather will be like in a certain zone is called Meteorology.

• The science that studies different types of climate is referred to as Climatology.

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

Page 3: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

CLIMATE

Elements & factors

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

Page 4: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

ELEMENTS

OF THE CLIMATE

Page 5: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

ELEMENTS OF THE

CLIMATE

The elements of climate are those elements that appear in the atmosphere and that are observable and quantifiable.

The main ones are:

•Temperature

•Precipitation

•Atmospheric pressure

•Wind Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

Page 6: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

TEMPERATURE

Degree of heat that the air has. • Representation: through lines

that join points of equal temperature called isotherms.

• Measurement: temperature is measured with the thermometer.

• It is expressed in either degrees Celsius or degrees Farenheit.

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

Page 7: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

PRECIPITATION

Is the water that falls, solid or liquid, from the clouds.

• Classification • It is classified according to

the causes that provokes it: • Orographic (produced by

relief), frontal or dynamic (due to the contact between two different air masses) and convective (due to the heating of the Earth's surface).

• Representation • Through lines that join points of equal

precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with

a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters or in liters per square meter. Geography 3º E.S.O.

Teacher Ms. Isabel

Page 8: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

RELIEF RAIN

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

Page 9: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

FRONTAL RAIN

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

Page 10: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

CONVECTIVE RAIN

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

Page 11: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

It is the force that is caused by the weight of an air column above the surface. The pressure at the sea level is 1013mlb.

• It is expressed in millibars.

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

Page 12: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

• Representation: through lines that join points of equal pressure, called isobars.

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

Page 13: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

WIND

Wind is horizontal displacements of air created by differences in pressure. The displacements go from high pressure zones to low pressure zones, but they are affected by the Earth's rotation (Law of Coriolis).

• Representation: Isobars are used to see wind direction. In the Northern Hemisphere, in the anticyclones the winds go clockwise and the low pressure areas go counter-clockwise. In the Southern Hemisphere it's the opposite.

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

Page 14: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

• It also allows us to find out its force because the closer together the isobars are, the greater the speed of wind.

• Measurement: we use an anemometer. It is expressed in kilometers per hour or meters per second.

• Direction: it is indicated by the weather vane.

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

WIND

Page 15: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

OTHER ELEMENTS OF CLIMATE

They are:

• the cloudiness

• the humidity

• the mist

• the dryness

• the evaporation, etc.

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

Page 16: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

CLIMATE FACTORS

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

We can classify them in three groups: • Astronomics. •Physical. •Dynamic.

Page 17: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

ASTRONOMIC FACTORS:

LATITUDE

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

Page 18: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

CLIMATE ZONES

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

The latitude or angular distance between whichever point and the Equator, determines climates and different climate zones. As we get farther away from parallel zero, temperature decreases. Distancing from parallel zero also creates seasonal differences.

Page 19: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

CLIMATE ZONES

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

Page 20: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

PHYSICAL FACTORS

• The relief.

• Proximity to or distance from the sea.

• Sea currents.

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

Page 21: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

RELIEF

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

Page 22: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

PROXIMITY TO THE SEA

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

The sea acts as a thermal regulator, it heats up and cools more slowly because the temperature changes are less extreme on the coast than inland.

Page 23: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

SEA CURRENTS

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

Page 24: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

DYNAMIC FACTORS

• Jet stream.

• Centers of action.

• Air masses.

• Fronts.

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

Page 25: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

• Centers of action: They are high and low pressure. The existence of permanent centers of action on Earth determines the different types of climate.

• Air masses: They are portions of air with certain characteristics of pressure, humidity and temperature.

• Fronts: They are zones of separation between air masses of different characteristics.

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

DYNAMIC FACTORS

Page 26: ELEMENTS OF THE CLIMATE - WordPress.com · precipitation called "isoyetas“ lines. • Measurement • Precipitation is measured with a pluviometer. It is expressed in millimeters

JET STREAM

Geography 3º E.S.O. Teacher Ms. Isabel

Are very strong winds. • There are two currents in each

hemisphere: the polar zone with a latitude of approximately 60 degrees and the tropical zone with a latitude of 30 degrees.

Its displacements and undulations influence in the general circulation of the atmosphere.