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(Jbjnjfts c` [tdtestekdb Njtacls `cr [kejftefflk Jxpjrenjfts)

=4

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?

=.=:nn ;0.::= nn ;0.: nn

;0.::?4

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;

(ufkjrtdefty) 4 4

4.? :.? P :.< P (crljr) 4 4= 4 (prjkesecf) =.4 P (rjpjdtdoebety) (rjprclukeoebety) ? (dkkurdky)

]rcodoebety

ljfsety

Dkkurdky

]rjkesecf Pdbuj

_j`jrjfkj vdbuj

4.;8 (dkkurdky) (prcodoebety ljfsety) (prjkesecf) ( attp8//jf.weiepjled.crg/weie/DkkurdkySdflSprjkesecf 4? ?::7)

?. (segfefflkdft fflgurjs)

(segfefflkdft fflgurjs)

?

: 0 :.4 P, :.? P, . . . ,:.5 P =.4 P

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qojst q (?.4)

qojstqq

q () xy x y q xojst yojstqx+y< q

q> x+y > (xojst+yojst) (x+y) (?.?)

?.4(bjfgta c` rcpj) ( !)

d > (4 (?4.;4 =.=:)kn; (eflerjkt njdsurjnjfts)

5/20/2018 Elements of Statistical Methods for Scientific Experiments

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:

(?.?)

> d+o > (4 (;7.5; =.4=) kn ;7.5;

=.4= ;7.1;kn;1.=;kn

o o > (?4.;=7 =.==:)kn

>d+

o > (4 (;7.5?7 =.=::) kn

7 ? () d 7 7

> (;7.5; =.=::) kn

crljr

> (;7.5; =.=0)kn

() ;7.17kn;7.55kn (prcodobj rdfgj c` vdbuj)

(crljr)

crljr

qxy xy

q> xy > (xojst x)(yojst y) >xojstyojst (xojsty +yojstx+xy)

x xy yq xojstyojst (xojsty +yojstx) (?.;)

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0

qxojsty +yojstx

q

qojst x

xojst+

y

yojst(?. qojst q

@(q) qqojst

(?.:)

(?.@(xy) @(x) +@(y) (?.0)

?.?(drjd c` rjktdfgubdr pbdtj) 4 nn

w

w> (4?.: =.:)kn, > (1.1 =.;)kn ()

Dojst > wojstojst > (4?.: 1.1)kn? > 44= kn?

Dnef> wnefnef> (4?.= 1.:)kn? > 4=? kn?

Dndx> wndxndx> (4;.= 5.4)kn?

> 441.; kn

?

1 4=?kn? 441 kn?

D> (44= 1)kn?

=.;

w

@(w) > =.:

4?.:>

=.;

1.1 > ;.

5/20/2018 Elements of Statistical Methods for Scientific Experiments

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7

7. 7. 1.4 (44= 1)kn? 7.?% rubj c` tauno ()

44= kn?(4.44=?) kn?

crljr () DD (=.4 4=?) kn? rubj c` tauno

@(D) > =.4 4=?

4.4 4=?

> 5.4%

7. (44= 1)kn? D > (4.4 =.4) 4=? kn? rubj c` tauno

(?.0)

crljr

rubj c` tauno ()

(\dybcrs tajcrjn) `(x)=, 4, . . . , (f+ 4)x > k

`(x) >f

i>=

`(i)(k)

i! (x k)i + `

(f+4)()

(f+ 4)! (x k)f+4 (?.7)

xk`(x)x=`(x) `(k) +`(k)(x k) + `

(k)

? (x k)? +. . . (?.1)

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1

`(x) > sef x

sef x x x;

;! +

x:

:! x

7

7! +. . . (?.5)

x rubj c` tauno

(trdfskjfljftdb `ufktecfs) (drgunjft):

;. (rdflcn ufkjrtdeftejs dfl fcrndb lestreoutecf)

(jrrcr)0 (rdflcn ufkjrtdeftejs) (systjndtek ufkjrtdeftejs)7

(rdflcn ufkjrtdeftejs) (rjdktecf tenj) (fcrndb lestreoutecf) (oeds)

(systjndtek ufkjrtdeftejs) 4 nn ( 4.; nn)

;.4 (d) (l) (o) (k)

: sef x x0 (njtrcbcgy)

7 (fcf-systjndtek ufkjrtdeftejs)

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5

;.48

( ) (kdbeordtj)

;.?8

;.4. (fcrndb lestreoutecf)

() 4= (kn)

?0, ?

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4=

4=

?;, ?ne>4

@exe (;.;)

n F () @e (rjbdtevj`rjqujfky)`exe F

@e `eF (;.4

@e > 4 (;.:)

(;.:) (fcrndbezdtecf kcfletecf)

(aestcgrdn) ;.;

;.;8 4=

1 (dretanjtek njdf)

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44

(odr aestcgrdn) 4=

?0.

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4?

;.:8 4==

;.08 4,===

;.0 (lestreou-tecfs) (;.0) x x +lx

](x, x+lx) >`(x) lx (;.7)

`(x) lx> 4 (;.1)

4 Yd, o^

](d, o) >

od

`(x) lx (;.5)

(leskrjtj) x x x (;.;)

x >

x `(x) lx (;.4=)

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4;

;.7 (fcrndb lestreoutecf)

;.78

(fcr-ndb lestreoutecf)

`G(x9 Q, ) > 4

?jxp

(xQ)

?

??

(;.44)

(;.44) (Gdussedf lestreoutecf) (pdrdnjtjr) Q Q ;.1

;.18

() (pceft c` efjktecf)5

(;.44) 4 Q

5 x > k `

(k) > =

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4

4F

Fi>4

(x x)? (;.4?)

(;.4?)

[x >

4F 4

Fi>4

(x x)? (;.4;)

F > 4 [x > =/= x > = F > 4 [x

x [x x+[x

](x [x, x+[x) > 4[x

?

x+[xx[x

jxp

(x x)

?

?[?x

> =.01 (;.4x [x 01%

x >

x

t[x

E(t) ](x t[x, x+t[x) > 4

?

tt

jxp

z

?

?

lz (;.4:)

(;.4:) ;.;

;.;8 x > x t[x t

t = =.: 4.= 4.: ?.= ?.: ;.=

E(t) = =.;1 =.01 =.17 =.5:< =.511 =.557

[x t

[x

@([x) > 4

?(F 4)(;.40)

F

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4:

;.?. (prcpdgdtecf c` ufkjrtdeftejs)

(eflerjkt njdsurjnjft) (prcpdgdtecf c` ufkjrtdeftejs)(kcnoefjl ufkjrtdeftejs)

x K (jxdkt funojr) xx[x

]x(x, x+lx) jxp (x x)

?

?[?x

(;.47)

q> x+K q > x +K

]q(q, q+lq) jxp (q q)?

?[?q

> jxp

(x+K x K)?

?[?q

> jxp

(x x)?

?[?q

(;.41)

]x(x, x+lx) >]q(q, q+lq) [q >[x ()

xO q> Ox]x(x, x+lx) ]q(q, q+lq)

]q(q, q+lq) jxp (q/O x)

?

?[?x

> jxp

(q Ox)

?

?(O[x)?

(;.45)

x y

]x(x+lx) jxp x

?

?[?x

, ]y(y+ly) jxp

y

?

?[?x

xy xy

](x, x+lx9 y, y+ly)

jxp

x?

?[

?

x

y?

?[

?

y 9 q> x+y (;.?=)

x?

D +

y?

O >

(x+y)?

D+O +z?9 z? >

(Ox Dy)?DO(D+O)

(;.?4)

]x+y,z jxp

(x+y)

?

?([?x+[?y)

jxp

z

?

?

(;.??)

zzz

]x+y jxp (x+y)

?

?([?x+[?y)

(;.?;)

[x+y >

[?x+[?y

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40

xy x y q> x+y

q> x+y > (x x) + (y y) + (x+ y) (;.? x+y+ +z (;.?:)

qx y[x x [y y qx y

q(x, y) q(x , y) +

q

x

(x x) +

q

y

(y y) (;.?0)

(q/x) (pdrtedb ljrevdtevj)4= q x (x , y)(q/y)

q

[q

> qx

[x?

+qy

[y?

(;.?7)q

[q >

q

x[x

?+

q

y[y

?+ +

q

z[z

?(;.?1)

(;.?1) q> xf f

[q >fxf4[x

@(xf) >f@(x) (;.?5)

@(x) (?.:)

;.;. (stdfldrl ljvedtecf c` taj njdf)

x [x xF

4=` x `x

` x

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47

( )

x F (ixi) /F (;.4;) [x Q xx4, x?. . . , xF Q [x (;.?1)

[x >

F

[xF

?>

[xF

(;.;=)

x F Q

[xx > x [x xx [xx +[x

x x > xojst x >x [xx Yx [x, x+[x^ 01 (kcffflljfkj bjvjb)

5/20/2018 Elements of Statistical Methods for Scientific Experiments

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41

= 4 ? ; < : 0 7

=

:

4=

4:

?=

?:

;=

;:

@crkj vs. dkkjbjrdtecf c` vdrecus ndssjs

Ndss 4

d (n/s?)

@

(F)

5/20/2018 Elements of Statistical Methods for Scientific Experiments

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45

? e

ye > ne

xe+kF

exeye > ne

x?e +kexe

(

x?

y x xyF

x? (x)? (

xyx?

(

4

F 4e

(ye nxe)? ( y

e

x?e

4/?(

5/20/2018 Elements of Statistical Methods for Scientific Experiments

20/23

?=

r? (kcj`fflkejftc` ljtjrnefdtecf) = 4 r? 4

r?r? >

ey

?e

ey?e

( nxen ( ?

g (:.4)

g >

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?4

:.;8 g

(kn) \(s) g (kn/s?) (kn) \(s) g (kn/s?) g (n/s?)

:7.; 4.:?4 5.71 4=? =.? =.==; =.=: 4=? 5.71 =.=:04.4 4.:07 5.1?

4=? =.? =.==; =.=:

4=? 5.1?

=.=:

7;.? 4.741 5.75 4=? =.? =.==; =.=: 4=? 5.75 =.=:1;.7 4.1;: 5.14 4=? =.; =.==< =.=: 4=? 5.14 =.=:5:.= 4.5:? 5.1< 4=? =.; =.==< =.=: 4=? 5.1< =.=:

g

g >4:

(5.71 + 5.1? + 5.75 + 5.14 + 5.1 5.14 n/s? (:. 4F

(g4)? + (g?)? + + (g:)? > ?.45kn/s? (:.:)

g

g> (5.14 =.=?)n/s? (:.0)

g g (:. ?.57kn/s? > =.=; n/s? (:.7)

g> (5.14 =.=;)n/s? (:.1)

01%

g (:.?) \? >

5/20/2018 Elements of Statistical Methods for Scientific Experiments

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??

=.= 4=.= ?=.= ;=.=

5/20/2018 Elements of Statistical Methods for Scientific Experiments

23/23

?;

(rj`jrjfkjs)

\dybcr, H._.Df eftrcluktecf tc jrrcr dfdbyses8 \aj stuly c` ufkjrtdeftejs ef paysekdb njdsurj-njfts. ?fl jletecf. Zfevjrsety [kejfkj Occis8 KD, 4557.

Wdbpcbj, _.J.]rcodoebety & stdtesteks `cr jfgefjjrs & skejftests. 5ta jletecf, ]rjftekj Adbb8 Z[D,?=4?.

Jesjfadujr, H.G._jgrjssecf tarcuga taj cregef, \jdkaefg [tdtesteks,?:(;), pp.70-1=, ?==;.

Dftcf A., E. Oevjfs, [. Ldves.Kdbkubus8Jdrby trdfskjfljftdbs. 4=ta jletecf. Webjy8 Z[D, ?=4?.