Elements of LiteratureElements of Literature

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Literature is composed of several common elements.

ElementsElementsSettingCharactersConflictPlotPoint of ViewToneMood

SettingSettingWhere it takes place

CharactersCharactersCharacters are the people in the story.

Types of CharactersTypes of CharactersFlatRoundStaticDynamic

Flat CharactersFlat CharactersAre one dimensional. Good guy =Hero

Round CharactersRound CharactersHave many sides to themGood/Bad

Static CharactersStatic CharactersNever change

Dynamic CharactersDynamic CharactersChange during the storyMain character

Exercise: Think Exercise: Think Name the four types of characters

Types of Characters

Flat

Round

Dynamic

Static

Superman

Professor Snape

Edward, Bella

Santa

Major CharactersMajor CharactersFall into one of the three

categories…

oProtagonistoAntagonistoFoil

ProtagonistProtagonistMain character

AntagonistOpposition of Protagonist

FoilFoilCharacter who provides contrast to Protagonist

PlotPlotSequence of eventsGive Structure

PlotPlotBasic SequenceBasic SequenceExpositionRising ActionClimaxFalling ActionResolution

Plot DiagramPlot Diagram

ExpositionExpositionBeginning of the story

“Once upon a time”

Rising ActionRising Action

Sets up conflictBuilds tension

ClimaxClimaxTurning pointHigh Point

Falling ActionFalling ActionWrapping up storyImmediately after climax

ResolutionResolutionPoint of closureEnding

Exercise: ThinkExercise: ThinkWhere does each

part fit?

Plot diagramPlot diagram

Wrap- up, after the climaxWrap- up, after the climax

A. Rising ActionB. Falling ActionC. ClimaxD. Exposition

Beginning, once upon a Beginning, once upon a timetime

A. Rising ActionB. ExpositionC. ClimaxD. Falling Action

High point, turning pointHigh point, turning pointA. ClimaxB. EndingC. BeginningD. Builds tension

Sets up conflict, tension buildingSets up conflict, tension buildingA. Falling actionB. ClimaxC. Rising ActionD. Exposition

Types of ConflictTypes of ConflictConflict is more than just a fight.

Man Vs ManMan Vs SelfMan Vs NatureMan Vs Society

Man vs. ManMan vs. ManTwo humans in confrontation

Man vs. SelfMan vs. SelfInternal conflict, struggle

Man vs. NatureMan vs. NatureFacing the elements or animals

Man vs. SocietyMan vs. SocietyGoing against social norms

ThemeThemeCentral conceptMystery, Science Fiction, Romance

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Point of ViewPoint of ViewAngle the story is being told from

Point of ViewPoint of ViewFirst personThird person limitedThird person objectiveOnmiscient Foreshadowing

First personFirst personAs if you are telling a story

Third Person Third Person LimitedLimited

Story told from an observer

See, Hear

Third Person- ObjectiveThird Person- Objective

Sees into the mind of a character

OmniscientOmniscientTold by a person who knows everything about everyone in the story.

An omniscient is NOT a character!

ForeshadowingForeshadowing

Hints or clues on what’s to come

ForeshadowingForeshadowingServes two purposes in a story

Purpose onePurpose oneBuilds suspenseKeeps you reading

Purpose TwoPurpose TwoMakes narrator more believable

IronyIronyContrast between what appears true and what really is.

Three Types of Three Types of IronyIrony

VerbalSituationalDramatic

Verbal IronyVerbal IronyWhat is said vs. what is meant

Irony of the SituationIrony of the SituationHappening that is opposite of what’s expected

Dramatic IronyDramatic IronyReader knows more than character

ToneToneAuthor’s attitude toward a subject

ToneTone http://www.ask.com/ans?qsrc=2900&o=102140&l=dir&q=tone+in+Lit

erature

PessimismOptimismBitternessJoyfulHumorousEarnestness

MoodMood• The feeling or climate of a story• http://www.ask.com/questions-about/Mood-in-Literatur

e• http://www.ask.com/web?q=Mood+in+Literature&o=1

02140&l=dir&qsrc=2902

MoodMoodSettingObjectsDetailsImagesWords

Influence the Mood

Figurative LanguageFigurative Language

Language that goes beyond literal meaning

SimileSimileDirect comparison of two unlike things

MetaphorMetaphorImplied comparison of two unlike things

MetaphorMetaphorThe comparison is not announced.

“Like”

“As”

HyperboleHyperboleExaggerated terms“I read it a million times!”

OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeiaWords that mimic soundsBANG! POW!