elements of intell jun 06

Elements of Military Intelligence

3

Terminal Learning Objective

• ACTION: Identify the role of intelligence in the

tactical Army.

• CONDITION: In a classroom with the use of

references

• STANDARD: The student will identify the four

intelligence tasks IAW FM 2-0 and how they are

influenced by the variables of the Contemporary

Operational Environment.

4

Admin Data

• Normal safety considerations for this class.

• The risk assessment is LOW.

• There are NO environmental considerations.

• Evaluation:

– 25 multiple choice questions at the end of the

Intelligence instruction, Must answer 70% correctly

to pass.

5

Warfighting Functions

• Maneuver• Intelligence • Fire Support• Air Defense Artillery• Command and Control• Logistics• Mobility, Survivability, Counter-

Mobility

6

Your S2 Section

• Brigade S2– MI (35D) MAJ– MI (35D) CPT– MI (35D) CPT– INF (11) MSG– MI (96B) SFC*– MI (96B) SGT– 4 MI (96B) SL1– INF (11) SL1

• BATTALION S2– MI (35D) CPT– MI ( 35D) LT– INF (11) MSG– MI (96B) SSG*– MI (96B) SL1

Half of the MI Branch

Works at Corp Level or Higher

7

What Does MI Do??

1-1. The commander requires intelligence about the enemy and the battlespace prior to engaging in operations in order to effectively execute battles, engagements, and other missions across the full spectrum of operations. Intelligence assists the commander in visualizing his battlespace, organizing his forces, and controlling operations to achieve the desired tactical objectives or end-state. Intelligence supports force protection by alerting the commander to emerging threats and assisting in security operations.

8

Intelligence - The Forms

• All Source Intelligence

• HUMINT - Human Intelligence• SIGINT - Signals Intelligence• IMINT - Imagery Intelligence• TECHINT - Technical Intelligence• MASINT – Measurements and Signals

Intelligence • CI – Counter Intelligence

9

The Four Intelligence Tasks

1. Support to Situational Understanding

2. Support to Strategic Responsiveness

3. Conduct Intelligence, Surveillance and

Reconnaissance

4. Provide Intelligence Support to Effects

10


1. Support to Situational Understanding

11

Enabling Learning Objective #1

• ACTION: Discuss the role of the Intelligence soldier in Support to Situational Understanding.

• CONDITION: In a classroom with the aid of References.

• STANDARD: The student will understand that all intelligence tasks stem from the Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (IPB) process and what input they will have as a platoon leader.

13


• ACTION: Conduct IPB in as leader.

• CONDITION: In a classroom with the

aid of references.

• STANDARD: The student will correctly

define IPB and identify the steps of IPB

IAW FM 34-130, as well as understand

their role in conducting IPB as leaders.

14

IPB Definition

• IPB is a systematic, continuous

process of analyzing the threat and

the environment in a specific

geographic area.

15

Objective

• Answer the commander’s questions about:

– Terrain

– Weather

– Enemy Situation.

• IPB helps commanders selectively apply combat

power at critical points in time and space on the

battlefield by -

– Describing the environment and it’s effects.

– Determining the threat’s likely Course of Action (COA).

16

Who Conducts IPB?

• Conducted at all levels

– Different levels of detail are required

• S2/G2 is staff lead in IPB

• Everyone in the US Army conducts IPB

in some form

17

The Four Steps of IPB

1. Define the Battlefield Environment

2. Describe the Battlefield Effects

3. Evaluate the Threat

4. Identify Threat Courses of Action

18

Define The Define The Battlefield Battlefield EnvironmentEnvironment

Describe The Describe The Battlefield Battlefield EffectsEffects

Evaluate Evaluate The The Threat Threat

Determine Determine Threat Threat COAsCOAs

1

23

4

Continuous Systematic

The IPB Process


19

Define The Battlefield Environment

• AREA OF OPERATIONS - The physical space

where your unit is authorized to conduct operations.

Given to you by your higher headquarters.

• AREA OF INTEREST - The physical area where

enemy forces or their actions may affect your unit’s

mission. Determined by the S2 and commander.

20

LOA (PL Gold)

PL Zinc

PL Silver

XX

II

21

The IPB Process





1

23

4


22

Describe The Battlefield Effects

• Analyze the battlefield with regards to:– Terrain

– Weather

• Describe the battlefield’s effects on threat / friendly capabilities and broad courses of action.

• Modified Combined Obstacle Overlay (MCOO) is the ultimate product.

23

Describe The Battlefield Effects (Terrain Analysis)

• Military aspects of terrain (OCOKA / OAKOC)– Aerial photos– Line of site (LOS) index

• Lines of communications (roads, rail, waterways)

• Cross-country movement overlay• Drainage overlay

24

Describe the Battlefield Effects(Military Aspects of Terrain)

• OBSERVATION - The ability of a force to see the enemy either visually or through the use of surveillance devices.– From where can the enemy see me?

– Where can I see the enemy from here?

• FIELDS OF FIRE - An area that a weapon or groups of weapons can effectively cover with fire from a given position.– From where can the enemy shoot me?

– Where can I shoot the enemy from here?

OCOKA

25


• COVER - Physical protection from the effects of both direct and indirect fires.– Examples - Ditches, caves, hills, ravines, river

banks, shell craters, buildings, fighting positions, and embankments.

• CONCEALMENT - Protection from observation.– Examples - Camouflage, weeds, underbrush, tall

grass, heavy vegetation, rocky outcrops.

OCOKA

26


• OBSTACLES - Natural or man-made terrain

features that stop, impede, or divert military

movement.

– Obstacles are the foundation of an engagement area.

– Can I stop/slow the enemy here long enough to mass

fires upon him?

– Will the enemy stop/slow me here and try to mass fires

upon me?

– Use the MCOO to graphically depict obstacles.

OCOKA

27


• KEY TERRAIN– Any natural or man-made feature which gives the

force which controls it an advantage.– Consider the following in analyzing terrain:

• Mission • Level of Command• Type of Unit.

– Does that piece of terrain aid me in the accomplishment of my mission?

– Would it aid the enemy in the accomplishment of his mission?

OCOKA

28


• AVENUES OF APPROACH

– Air or ground route of an attacking force which

leads to the objective or key terrain within its

path.

– On the attack, ask - what route can I take to the

objective?

– In the defense, ask - what route could the

enemy take to get to me or the objective?

OCOKA

29


• Always consider both mounted and dismounted avenues of approach.

• Develop a MCOO (Modified Combined Obstacle Overlay) to identify avenues of approach.

• Consider– doctrinal distances

– formations

– speeds

– maneuver space.

30


• Classify terrain as it pertains to maneuverability into one of three categories:– UNRESTRICTED. Free of any restriction to movement.

Units maneuver at doctrinal speeds/distances. Nothing needs to be done to enhance mobility.

– RESTRICTED. Terrain hinders movement. Units must adjust doctrinal distances or speeds. Some effort required to enhance mobility .

– SEVERELY RESTRICTED. Terrain severely hinders movement. Units cannot travel at doctrinal distances and speeds.

31

LOA (PL Gold)

PL Zinc

PL Silver

XX

II

II

II

II

II

I

I

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

IIII

X

X

II

II

II

AA3C

AA4A

AA4B

AA3B

K1

K3

K7a

K7b

K4

K5

K6

K8

K9

K2

32


• OTHER ASPECTS OF THE BATTLEFIELD

• Examples include:

– Logistical Infrastructure (Sources of potable water, power

production facilities, natural resources, communications

system, transportation system)

– Population Demographics (Education levels, cultural

distinctions, religious beliefs)

– Economic Conditions

– Politics (Local, regional and international, treaties,

‘unofficial’ politics (gangs, warlords))

33

Summary

•Terminal Learning Objective

ACTION: Identify the role of intelligence in

the tactical Army.

• Enabling Learning Objectives

1. ACTION: Discuss the role of the Intelligence

soldier in Support to Situational Understanding

2. ACTION: Conduct IPB in as leader.

35

The IPB Process





1

23

4


36


• MILITARY ASPECTS OF WEATHER

(FM 34-81-1)– Visibility– Winds– Precipitation– Cloud Cover– Temperature and Humidity

37


• VISIBILITY– Light data (BMNT, EENT, Sunrise, Sunset,

Moon Phases)

– Laser range finding

– Poor visibility increases light infantry survivability

• WINDS– Smoke / Chemical dispersion

– Decrease trajectory data and first hit probability

– Affects airborne, air assault, aviation operations

38


• PRECIPITATION– Degrades mobility– Limits visibility– Degrades weapons effectiveness– Affects troop morale

• CLOUD COVER– Heavy cloud cover limits illumination and solar heating of

targets– Degrades many target acquisition systems– Ceiling affects aviation operations

39


• TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY

– Extreme temperature reduces personnel

effectiveness

– Low temperature degrades ballistics of weapons

– Temperature can affect vehicle performance

– High humidity decreases stamina of foot soldier

40

The IPB Process





1

23

4


41

Evaluate The Threat

Do not underestimate your opponent!

• Doctrinal Template

• Description Of Tactics And Option

• Identify High Value Target

• Identify Threat Capabilities

• Operational Capabilities: Attack, Defend, Reinforce,

And Retrograde

• BOS Capabilities (Equipment and Capabilities)

42

Doctrinal Template

• Illustrate the deployment pattern and disposition preferred by the threat's normal tactics when not constrained by the effects of the battlefield environment.

• Usually scaled graphic depictions of threat dispositions for a particular type of standard operation, such as a– battalion movement to contact

– an insurgent ambush

– terrorist kidnapping.

43

DOCTEMP

Fire Sac

I

I

I

44

Description Of Tactics And Options

• Operations of the major units or elements

portrayed on the template

• Activities of the different battlefield operating

systems.

• Listing or description of options available to

the threat should the operation fail

(branches), or subsequent operations if it

succeeds (sequels).

45

Identify High Value Targets

• HVTS are assets the enemy commander

requires to accomplish his mission.

• High Payoff Targets are the targets (HVTS)

that belong to the enemy that we must kill to

be successful.

46

Identify Threat Capabilities(Can the enemy dance?)

• Four tactical COAs open to military forces in

conventional operations:

Attack.

Defend.

Reinforce.

Conduct a retrograde.

• Broad COAs can be divided into a variety of more

specific COAs.

47

BOS Capabilities (Equipment and Capabilities)

• Examples of these types of capabilities are--– Use of NBC weapons. – Use of supporting air assets. – Intelligence collection. – Electronic Warfare. – Engineering operations. – Air assault or airborne operations. – Amphibious assaults. – Psychological operations (PSYOP). – Deception operations.

48

The IPB Process





1

23

4


49

Determine Threat COAs(How the Enemy will Dance)

• Identify the threat's likely

objectives and desired end

state.

• Identify full set of COAs

available to the threat SITEMPs.

• Evaluate and prioritize each

COA.

• Develop each COA in the

amount of detail time allows.

• Identify initial collection

requirements.

50

Identify Threat's Likely Objectives/Desired End State.

• What does the enemy seek to do to us?

• How does the enemy define success?

• How can we deny him success?

51

Identify Full Set of COAs Available to the Threat.

• Develop as many potential COAs as time allows.• Criteria for each COA

– suitability

– feasibility

– acceptability

– uniqueness

– consistency with doctrine.

• Situation templates are graphic depictions of expected threat dispositions should he adopt a particular COA

52

I I I

Fire Sac

II I

Fire Sac

Enemy SOP

(Threat Model)

Environment

(Terrain Weather)

Enemy COA (SITEMP)

53

Develop Each COA in the Amount of Detail Time Allows.

• WHAT• WHEN • WHERE• HOW• WHY

54

IPB for Special Staff and Support Units

• The products will be slightly different, but• THE PROCESS REMAINS THE SAME!

Define The Define The Battlefield Battlefield EnvironmenEnvironmenttDescribe The Describe The Battlefield Battlefield EffectsEffects



1

23

4


56

Situation Development

• The act of quickly compiling, displaying, and analyzing the current battle as it relates to the enemy and friendly forces.

• Based upon the collection effort and the unit’s effort to answer the Commander’s Critical Information Requirements.

• Determines which COA the enemy has adopted• May identify some HVTs not initially named

during IPB process• Based on the Priority Intelligence Requirements. • Helps the commander make decisions.

58

Force Protection

• Determines if friendly forces are – under threat of

enemy action– in proper security

posture– informed of the

threat

59


• Action: Identify elements of Subversion And Espionage Directed Against The U.S. Army (SAEDA)

• Conditions: With the use of references.• Standard: Identify the elements of

SAEDA, the threat to Fort Benning, and how to respond to and report any SAEDA incidents.

60

Definitions

• SUBVERSION - Sabotage or terrorist acts.

• ESPIONAGE - Spying (Internal and External)

61

COUNTERINTELLIGENCE MEASURES

• The enemy must not get information about US operations.

• This means that you and your fellow soldiers must: – Practice camouflage principles and

techniques. – Practice noise and light discipline.– Practice field sanitation.– Use proper radiotelephone procedure.

62

Counterintelligence Measures

– Do not take personal letters or pictures into combat areas.

– Do not keep diaries in combat areas.– Be careful when discussing military affairs (the

enemy may be listening).– Report anyone who tries to get information

about US operations.– Discuss military operations only with those

persons having a need to know the information.

– Remind fellow soldiers of their counterintelligence responsibilities

63

What Defines A SAEDA Incident?

• Attempts by unauthorized personnel to obtain classified information.

• Attempts by unauthorized personnel to obtain unclassified, yet FOUO information.

• Acts of espionage or treason by Army personnel.• Contact with persons known or suspected to be a

foreign agent or terrorist.• Missing classified documents.• Discovery of surveillance devices near sensitive

areas.

64

What If I Am Approached?• Don’t play James Bond• Don’t make any deals, agreements or think about anything.• Don’t try to apprehend or be your own SWAT team• Simply stay calm, get info, and buy time then report.

Reporting Procedures• Recall as many details as possible as SOON as possible.

Make notes of what occurred.• Contact your S2 / security manager.• Inform as few people as possible, generally only two (your

commander and the S2)• If outside US, report it to nearest military authority or US

Embassy/Consulate.

66

Summary

•Terminal Learning ObjectiveACTION: Identify the role of intelligence in the tactical Army.

• Enabling Learning Objectives2. ACTION: Conduct IPB in as leader.3. ACTION: Identify elements of Subversion And Espionage Directed Against The U.S. Army (SAEDA)

69



70


• ACTION: Discuss Intelligence Personnel Support to Strategic Responsiveness.

• CONDITION: With the aid of References. • STANDARD: The student will correctly

identify the role of intel personnel and leaders in preparing soldiers to act in any operational environment as well as identify the challenges posed by the variables of the Contemporary Operational Environment

71

Operational Environment

• A composite of all the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the employment of military forces and bear on the decisions of the unit commander.

• IN SHORT: The factors and variables that affect where soldiers will live, work, and fight.

72


• ACTION: Identify the Critical Variables in

the COE

• CONDITION: With the aid of References

• STANDARD: Identify and define the 11

Critical Variables of the COE

73

EconomicsEconomicsEconomicsEconomics

InformationInformationInformationInformation

OperationalOperationalEnvironmentEnvironment

Makeup of Makeup of PopulationPopulation

Makeup of Makeup of PopulationPopulation

Nature & Nature & Stability of Stability of the Statethe State

Nature & Nature & Stability of Stability of the Statethe State

National WillNational WillNational WillNational WillTimeTimeTimeTime

External External OrganizationsOrganizations

External External OrganizationsOrganizations

TechnologyTechnologyTechnologyTechnology

PhysicalPhysicalEnvironmentEnvironment

PhysicalPhysicalEnvironmentEnvironment

Alliances & Alliances & CoalitionsCoalitions

Alliances & Alliances & CoalitionsCoalitions

Military Military CapabilitiesCapabilities

Military Military CapabilitiesCapabilities

Critical Variables

74

Physical Environment(Operational Environment Factors)

• Military forces are optimized

for certain environments.

• Less complex and open

environments favor the US.

• Enemies will use urban

environments and other

complex terrain to their

advantage.

75

Nature/Stability of State (Operational Environment Factors)

• Who is in charge.• Where the real strength is.

– Political leadership– Military– Police

• How strong or how shaky.• Nature and aims of military campaign.

• Kinds of threat present.

76

Makeup Of Population (Operational Environment Factors)

• Cultural, religious, ethnic.• Failed and failing states.• Devotion to a cause/hatred of

another group• Refugees and displaced

persons.• Urban environments (cities).

77

Makeup Of Population (Operational Environment Factors)

• ROE has to Address

• Difficulty distinguishing friend from foe.

• Presence of children/ women.

• Short ranges of contact/ time to react.

• Involvement of civilians from both sides.

78

Alliances And Coalitions (Operational Environment Factors)

• Political, economic, military, or cultural.• Regional or global.• Opponents can influence our coalitions.• Add to military capability and broaden

scale of military operations.• Unpredictability.• Nonaligned states.

79

Military Capabilities(Operational Environment Factors)

• The most critical and most complex factor.• Foreign views:

– US has overall technological advantage.– Others use this as guide to optimizing their own

capabilities and negating ours (asymmetric focus).

• Conventional against local or regional actors.• Adaptive (asymmetric) when US becomes

involved.

80

Military Capabilities (WMD in Third World States)

• Negate US advantages

• Threaten higher casualties

• Complicate military planning

• Perception of military strength

• Interfere with force buildup / early entry

• Complicate operations

• Require protective measures

81

Who Has Nuclear Weapons

• Nuclear– US, UK, France, Russia, Pakistan, India,

China, North Korea, Israel???

• Suspected to have Nuclear Weapons– Libya, Iran

82

Technology(Operational Environment Factors)

• Symmetric capabilities.– Level the playing field.– A few systems that are more advanced.

83

Technology (Operational Environment Factors)

• Asymmetric counters to our high-tech systems.– Less advanced systems in

complex/urban settings.– Selected niche areas.– Low-cost, high-payoff new

technologies.– Upgrades and hybrids.– Precision munitions.

• Technological surprise.

84

?

Information(Operational Environment Factors)

• Information-based society and information technology.– Computers.– Other information systems.

• Information warfare.– Information systems attack.– Psychological warfare.– Deception.

85

Information(Operational Environment Factors)

• Media and global information flow.– Transparency (access to data).– Sway public and political

opinion.

• Many factors to take into consideration.

• Very short time to react.• Strategic implication of the

tactical incident- the strategic corporal (he works for you).

87

External Organizations(Operational Environment Factors)

• International humanitarian assistance.– Manmade and natural disasters.– Disease, hunger, and poverty.

• Growing in influence and power.• Willingness to become involved in crisis situations.• Stated and hidden interests/objectives.

– Favorable to US and provide assistance.– Adverse to US or create conflict.– Make mistakes.

88

National Will(Operational Environment Factors)

• People, government, and military.

• Objectives and duration of a conflict.

• Victory often depends on will.

• Attack the opponent’s national will and try to preserve your own.

• US national will as a vulnerability—a strategic center of gravity.

89

Time(Operational Environment Factors)

• Time drives decision making and operations.

• Opponents see time as being in their advantage.– Adjust the nature of the conflict.– Control US entry.– Dictate the tempo.

• Outlast the US will to continue.

90

Economics(Operational Environment Factors)

• “Haves” and “have-nots.”

• Economic vs military superiority.

• Ability to buy military technology or to conduct prolonged operations.

• Regional and global relationships can result in military or political assistance.

91

11 Variables

I T and ECONOMIC NATURE WILL MAKE EXTERNAL ALLIED MILITARY PHYSICAL in TIME

Please Never Make Any MILTIARY I T Excuses Near The

End

93


ACTION: Categorize actors.

CONDITION: In a classroom with aid of references

STANDARD: Correctly categorize nation states as Core States, Transition States, Rogue States, Failed or Failing States and Non-nation actors as rogue actors, third-party actors.

94

Actors

• Who are the actors (participants)?– Nation-states

(countries).

– Non-nation actors.

95

Nation-state Actors

• Categories of nation states– Core States (Major Powers).– Transition States (Want-to-be).– Rogue States (Hostile).– Failed or Failing States (Instability).

• Fluid definitions based on:– Economics– Politics (Internal and External)– Expeditionary Military

96

Transition States (Want-to-be)• Larger, industrialized countries that want

to be Core States.– China– India– Indonesia– Russia

Core States (Major Powers).

• Dominate World Politics.

• Most conflict with global consequences will involve the core states.

97

Rogue States (Hostile).

• Countries hostile to their neighbors• Weaker countries, but still a threat.• Seek weapons of mass destruction.• Support and sell arms to terrorists.

– North Korea– Iran– Cuba– Libya

98

Other Areas of Concern(SatireWire)

Axis of Just as Evil?

• Libya

• China

• Syria

Axis of Somewhat Evil?

• Cuba

• Sudan

• Serbia

99

Failed or Failing States (Instability).

• Weaker countries falling apart.

• Revolution• Economic collapse

100

Countries Can Switch Categories

• Iran - long time ally of U.S. became rogue nation

• Soviet Union/Russia - once a world power - now is a collection of transition and failing states.

Multinational Alliances and Coalitions• NATO

–Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal, Canada, Poland

• OPEC– Algeria, Indonesia, Iran,

Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Venezuela

101

Non-nation Actors

• Rogue actors

• Third Party Actors

102

Rogue Actors

– Terrorist.

– Drug-trafficking.

– Criminal.

103

Third Party Actors

– Media

– External Orgs

– Civilians

104

Indication and Warnings

• Analysis of situation development. – What does this mean?– Why would the enemy

do this?

• Determines enemy’s future intentions

SO WHAT???

105

Summary•Terminal Learning ObjectiveACTION: Identify the role of intelligence in the tactical Army.

• Enabling Learning Objectives4. ACTION: Discuss Intelligence Personnel Support to Strategic Responsiveness.5. ACTION: Identify the Critical Variables in the COE6. ACTION: Categorize Actors

Nation State Core, Transition, Failed or Failing, Rogue Switch categories & may one day face multinational

coalition Non-Nation

Rogue Third Party

108


3. Conduct Intelligence, Surveillance and

Reconnaissance

109


• ACTION: Discuss the conduct of Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) in a collection planning and management framework.

• CONDITION: In a classroom with the aid of references.

• STANDARD: Students must understand that Intelligence personnel plan and synchronize collection assets and the role of platoon leaders in the collection process.

110

Conduct Intelligence, Surveillance, And Reconnaissance (ISR)

With staff participation, the intelligence officer synchronizes intelligence support to the ISR effort by focusing the collection, processing, analysis, and intelligence products on the critical needs of the commander. The operations officer, in coordination with the intelligence officer, tasks and directs the available ISR assets to answer the commander’s critical information requirements (CCIRs). Through various detection methods and systematic observation, reconnaissance and surveillance obtains the required information. A continuous process, this task has four subtasks: perform intelligence synchronization, perform ISR integration, conduct tactical reconnaissance, and conduct surveillance

112

ISR

• The CCIR (PIR and FFIR).

• A prioritized list of the remaining

intelligence requirements.

• Evaluated ISR assets and resources.

• All of the assigned ISR tasks.

113

• Surveillance involves continuously observing an area to collect information. Wide-area and focused surveillance provide valuable information.

• Reconnaissance assets collect information and can validate current intelligence or predictions. Reconnaissance units, unlike other units, are designed to collect information.

Surveillance and Reconnaissance

114

Surveillance and Reconnaissance

• Orient the reconnaissance asset on the named area of interest (NAI) and/or reconnaissance objective in a timely manner

• Report all information rapidly and accurately• Complete the reconnaissance mission not

later than (NLT) the time specified in the order• Answer the requirement that prompted the

reconnaissance task.

115

Collectors Must Ask 4 Questions of an NAI

• Why is it important to look there?

• What do we expect to see?

• When should we expect to see it?

• How long do we need to look?

• FM 34-8

How Do I Contribute as a LT?

Reporting!!!

117

Salute Report

SIZE

ACTIVITY

LOCATION

UNIT / UNIFORM

TIME

EQUIPMENT

118

The Five S’s

SEARCH

SILENCE

SEGREGATE

SAFEGUARD

SPEED TO THE REAR

119

The Unapproved Five S’s

SUBDUE BY FORCE

SLAP DOWN

SHAKE UNTIL BLUE

SLAM HEAD INTO WALL

SCAR WITH BAYONET

120

Search

• Search PWs as soon as they are captured.

• Take weapons and papers, EXCEPT identification papers and protective masks.

• Give them a written receipt for any personal property and documents taken.

• Tag documents and personal property to show which PW had them.

121

Captured Equipment Tag

• Before evacuating a PW, attach a tag to him. You can make these tags yourself.

• The battalion S2 should be able to supply these tags.

122

HANDLING CAPTURED DOCUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT

• Enemy documents and equipment are good sources of information.

• Documents may be official (maps, orders, records, photos) or personal (letters or diaries).

• If such items are not handled properly, the information in them may become lost or outdated.

• Give them to your leader quickly.

• Tag each item using the form shown on the next slide.

• If the item was found on a PW, put that PW's name on the tag.

123

Segregate

• Segregate PWs – By Sex

• And Into Subgroups Such As – Enlisted Personnel– Civilians– Political Figures.

• This keeps the leaders from promoting escape efforts. Keep the groups segregated as you move them to the rear.

124

Silence

• Silence PWs

• Do not let them talk to each other.

• This keeps them from planning escape and cautioning each other on security.

• Report anything a PW says or does.

125

Speed

• Speed PWs to the rear.

• Turn them over to your leader.

• He will assemble them and move them to the rear for questioning by the S2.

126

Safeguard

• Safeguard PWs when taking them to the rear.

• Do not let anyone abuse them. • Watch for escape attempts. • Do not let PWs bunch up, spread out

too far, or start diversions (Such conditions may create a chance for escape).

127

Safeguard

• If a PW is wounded and cannot be evacuated through normal channels, turn him over to medical personnel to be evacuated through medical channels.

129



130


• ACTION: Discuss The Support Of Intelligence To

Targeting, Information Operations and Combat

Assessment

• CONDITION: In a classroom with the aid of references

• STANDARD: Students must understand that

Intelligence personnel interact with all other staff

elements in support of ongoing operations and

planning for future operations.

131

Provide Intelligence Support To Effects

The task of providing the commander information and intelligence support for targeting of the threat’s forces, threat organizations, units and systems through lethal and non-lethal fires to include electronic attack and information operations.

This task includes three subtasks:

1. Provide Intelligence Support To Targeting2. Provide Intelligence Support To Information Operation 3. Provide Intelligence Support To Combat Assessment.

132

• Provide Intelligence Support to Target Development - is the systematic analysis of the enemy forces and operations to determine HVTs, systems, and system components for potential attack through maneuver, fires, or information.

• Provide Intelligence Support to Target Detection - establishes procedures for dissemination of targeting information. The targeting team develops the sensor / attack system matrix to determine the sensor required to detect and locate targets. The intelligence officer places the following requirements into the integrated ISR plan

– Requires reconnaissance and surveillance operations to identify, locate, and track high-payoff targets (HPTs) for delivery of lethal or non-lethal effects.

– Includes employing fires, offensive IO, and other attack capabilities against enemy C2 systems as part of the unit’s FS plan and IO objectives.

Provide Intelligence Support to Targeting

133

• IO are actions taken to affect adversary information, influence other’s decision making processes and information systems while protecting one’s own information and information systems. Overall operational continuity and mission success requires close, mutual coordination and synchronization of intelligence plans and operations with IO elements and related activities.

• This task has three subordinate tasks: – Provide Intelligence Support to Offensive IO. – Provide Intelligence Support to Defensive IO. – Provide Intelligence Support to Activities Related to IO.

Information Operations

134

Combat Assessment

• Determines if desired effects were achieved on

targets that were engaged.

– Conduct Physical Damage Assessment

– Conduct Functional Damage Assessment

– Conduct Target System Assessment

• Re-attack Recommendation.

• Part of collection plan.

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Targeting Process

• Decide

• Detect

• Deliver

• Assess

• IPB– HVTs identified– HVTs depicted in different

COAs on SITTEMPS– Specific areas identified

where enemy actions will occur

• Situation Development– Collection plan based on

EVENTTEMP– Collection assets

refocused after targets are engaged

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Asymmetric Warfare

• Avoid your opponent’s strengths.

• Use whatever advantages you may

have against his weaknesses.

• The enemy will not fight you at the

tip of the spear.

Is terrorism asymmetric warfare?

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Summary• Terminal Learning ObjectiveACTION: Identify the role of intelligence in the tactical Army.

• Enabling Learning Objectives1. ACTION: Discuss the role of the Intelligence soldier in Support to Situational Understanding2. ACTION: Conduct IPB in as leader.3. ACTION: Identify elements of Subversion And Espionage Directed Against The U.S. Army (SAEDA)4. ACTION: Discuss Intelligence Personnel Support to Strategic Responsiveness.5. ACTION: Identify the Critical Variables in the COE6. ACTION: Categorize Actors7. ACTION: Discuss the conduct of Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) in a collection planning and management framework.8. ACTION: Discuss The Support Of Intelligence To Targeting, Information Operations and Combat Assessment

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Summary

• Four Intel Tasks1. Support to Situational Understanding


3. Conduct Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance


• 5 S’s– Search, Silence, Segregate, Safeguard, Speed To The Rear

• Captured Equipment– Tag and ship

• SAEDA– Simply stay calm, get info, and buy time then report.

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What is the IPB ?

What are the four steps of the IPB ?

IPB is a systematic, continuous process of analyzing the threat and the environment in a specific geographic area.

1. Define the Battlefield Environment2. Describe the Battlefield Effects3. Evaluate the Threat4. Identify Threat Courses of Action

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What is the purpose of the MCOO ?

What is a Doctrinal Template ?

A scaled graphic depiction of threat dispositions for a particular type of standard operation

Modified Combined Obstacle Overlay – A Graphical depiction of all Military Aspects of terrain

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– Physical Environment– Makeup of Population– Nature/Stability of State– Military Capabilities– Technology– Information– Alliances & Coalitions – External Organizations– National Will– Time– Economics

•What are the 11 Critical variables of the COE?

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• Which is the most complex Variable?

– Military Capabilities

• What is meant by Asymmetric Warfare?– Avoid your opponent’s strengths.

– Use whatever advantages you may have against his

weaknesses.

– The enemy will not fight you at the tip of the spear.