elements of energy storage: small to utility scale solutions
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Moderator: Jonah Erlebacher , Professor and Vice-Chair, Johns Hopkins Univeristy , Department of Materials Science and Engineering Panelists: Eric D. Wachsman , Director, University of Maryland Energy Research Center - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Elements of Energy Storage: Small to Utility Scale Solutions
Moderator:
Jonah Erlebacher, Professor and Vice-Chair, Johns Hopkins Univeristy, Department of Materials Science and Engineering
Panelists:
Eric D. Wachsman, Director, University of Maryland Energy Research Center
Jim McDowall, Business Development Manager, SAFT Energy Storage Systems
Ryan Franks, Technical Program Manager, National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
Introduction and Agenda
Development of New Technologies• Erlebacher,
Wachsman
Technology Development and Implementation Case Studies• Wachsman, McDowall
Reducing Barriers to Broad Implementation• McDowall, Franks
Workforce Education • JHU, UMd
10X improvement over Pt in PEM fuel cells
Increasing scope
Eric D. Wachsman, DirectorUniversity of Maryland Energy Research Center
www.energy.umd.edu
Storage: the Missing Link in a Renewable Energy Future
Renewable EnergyIn one hour the sun supplies more energy than the world consumes in a year
Wind power 42% of U.S. grid capacity growth in 2012, beating natural gas, and well suited to Maryland
• Already at “grid parity” in some locations
• Major issue is transient nature of sun and wind
Addressing Transient Needs
Time of day generation vs. demand
Generation transients vs. demand transients
Electrochemical capacitors
Li ion batteries
Electrostatic capacitors
Today’s EES
Future EES
Li ion Superbatteries
Nanostructured Electrochemical SupercapacitorsLiu and Lee, JACS (2008)
Free-standing MnO2/PEDOT coaxial nanowires
Nanostructured Electrostatic SupercapacitorsBanerjee, et al., Nature Nanotechnology (2009)
AAO-ALD embedded metal-insulator-metal device
Nanotechnology - surface area for charge/discharge rates - geometric density for energy density
New materials - increase voltage, stability, cycle life....
Battery R&D at UMD
Electrochemicalcapacitors
SOFCs
SOFC
• World record performance
• Operational on conventional fuels
• 10X power density of Bloomenergy at only ~2/3 temperature
• Higher than IC Engine with ~2X the fuel efficiency
Fuel Cell R&D at UMD
Enable Solar PV Generation
• Only works when sun shines- Low capacity factor and energy produced (kWh) per rated power (kW)
• Interconnect shuts system down when grid goes down- Does not provide backup/emergency power
• Battery storage shifts peak but doubles system cost without generating any more power• Genset can provide backup but with low efficiency and high emissions, noise and
maintenance• Fuel cells can generate the necessary baseload power to enable solar PV generation with
high efficiency, and negligible emissions, noise and maintenance
Enable Islanded Microgrids
DG Microgrid
Community Microgrid
Distributed generation and islanded microgrids, enabled by fuel cells and batteries, will increase grid reliability and resiliency
Saft Energy Storage SystemsJim McDowall2013 Maryland Clean Energy Summit
11 Saft Energy Storage Systems - 2013 Maryland Clean Energy Summit
Saft. A world leader for advanced andinnovative applications
Saft is the world’s leading designer, developer and manufacturer of advanced technology batteries for industrial and defense applications.
The Group is implementing its strategy for high technology lithium-ion batteries for clean vehicles and energy storage systems.
With 4,066 employees worldwide, Saft is present in 18 countries
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Jacksonville ‘Factory of the Future’
Construction of complete battery systems, automated cell manufacture through module production to assembly into ISO containers 235,000ft2 under roof, with a production capability of 372 MWh per year by 2015One of the largest rooftop photovoltaic systems in Florida with over 1 MW of solar power
Saft Energy Storage Systems - 2013 Maryland Clean Energy Summit
Case study – SEPTA, Philadelphia
Store energy from deceleratingtrains and use it for accelerating trainsDemand-side participation in the PJM frequency regulation marketplaceExploiting load as a resource
Saft Energy Storage Systems - 2013 Maryland Clean Energy Summit13
Case study – Southern California utility
The problem : coping with high penetration of PV on feeders
Working with storage at two levels
> Substation-based (containerized)
> Small, distributed systems (Community Energy Storage)
2-3 hours of storage
Higher value closer to consumer
> But higher cost
Saft Energy Storage Systems - 2013 Maryland Clean Energy Summit14
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Case study – Puerto Rico PV facilities
The problem : avoiding the destabilizing effect of variable generation
PREPA Minimum Technical Requirements> Ramp rate – 10% per minute> Frequency response –
up to 10% of facility ratingPossible model for other islands
> …and the mainland?No facility yet meets the MTRs
> But coming soon…
Saft Energy Storage Systems - 2013 Maryland Clean Energy Summit
Many Things to Many People: Energy Storage End Uses
Ryan FranksNEMA
Technical Program Manager
Applications/Use Cases
• ES is absolutely key to realizing the full potential of renewables due to their intermittent nature
• Integration with renewables is but one category of uses of ES
• Total number varies by task force, but there are between one and two dozen end uses for ES which are economically viable
• One or more uses over a day is/will be common
CPUC Final Staff Report: Energy Storage Framework: http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/PUC/energy/electric/storage.htm
Why care about Codes and Standards?• Business and economics
– An R&D investment is made to bring technology to the market and projects market introduction, sales and profits
– Codes and standards ‘showstoppers’ cause problems that must be addressed
– Paralleling R&D with codes and standards work fosters a more timely and better economic outcome
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Uniform comparison and reporting
• Standardization will mitigate risk to investors, increase adoption of energy storage, and decrease costs through manufacturing at scale
• Standardization in ES performance allows storage mediums to be compared on a level platform
• Enables a user or customer to select which product best suits their application, which is a stated need of the market
• Lack of a uniform evaluation to determine system performance is causing confusion in the market
DOE/PNNL Performance Protocol
• Technology Agnostic: driven by representative duty cycle
• Written by 100+ stakeholders: manufacturers, integrators, PUCs, ISOs, industry groups, academia, and utilities
• Allows for ongoing expansion to future use cases
http://www.pnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-22010.pdf
Energy Storage System
Application 1Peak Shaving
Duty Cycle
Application 2 Frequency Regulation
Duty Cycle
Application n
Duty Cycle
Electrical InElectrical Out
Non-electrical Out
Maximum PowerStandby Losses
TBDTBD
Maximum PowerStandby Losses
TBDTBD
TBDTBD
Measurement Procedure• What to measure• How to measure• Temperature• Pressure• Current• Voltage
Determination of relevant metrics
• How to calculate from measurements
• When to measure it• Peak Power• Capacity• Ramp rate• Response time• Available energy at
various power
Protocol Framework
Work structure
2012 Protocol
Application and Use on ESS Adding New Applications and Metrics
Export to U.S. and International Standards
IEC TC120 – NEMANew ANSI Committee – NEMA
Outreach and Communications
The Broader Standards Picture
• In addition to performance and test reporting:• Safety• Availability, reliability, maintenance• Electromagnetic compatibility• Lifetime, mean time before failure, lifecycle• Communication protocols, interoperability
• Taken on domestically via ANSI/NEMA• Taken on internationally via IEC• Cooperation with SGIP, EPRI, and other stakeholder
groups
Points for Discussion
Development of New Technologies
Technology Development and Implementation Case Studies
Reducing Barriers to Broad Implementation
Workforce Education Increasing scope
What are the proper technologies to focus upon in Maryland?
How do we address barriers to the evolution of energy storage and distribution?
How do we ensure the workforce is sufficiently skilled and trained to maintain advanced energy storage and distribution systems?
What challenges exist in coordinating energy technology growth in MD with that of the entire nation?