Elements,Elements,Compounds & Compounds &

MixturesMixtures

ElementsElements The simplest form of matterThe simplest form of matter

Simple substanceSimple substance

One kind of One kind of atomsatoms

Represented by -One or two letter symbolRepresented by -One or two letter symbol

Building blocks for all other substancesBuilding blocks for all other substances

Can not be broken down and composed of Can not be broken down and composed of constituent atomsconstituent atoms

CompoundsCompounds

Made up of two or more elements chemically combinedMade up of two or more elements chemically combined

• Represented by chemical formulasRepresented by chemical formulas

• Sodium + chlorine Sodium + chlorine sodium chloride NaCl sodium chloride NaCl

HH22O O H H22 + O + O2 2

• Always present in the same ratio in a compoundAlways present in the same ratio in a compound

• Can be Chemically separatedCan be Chemically separated

MIXTURESMIXTURESTwo or more substances Two or more substances

physically combined physically combined do not do not combine in same ratioscombine in same ratios

•can be separated by physical can be separated by physical meansmeans•constituent substances retain constituent substances retain their original propertiestheir original properties•(salt & water - salt water)(salt & water - salt water)

MIXTURESMIXTURES

HomogeneousHomogeneous•uniform composition uniform composition

•called “solutions”called “solutions”

•Salt water, alloys, etc.Salt water, alloys, etc.

•consist of a single phaseconsist of a single phase

•Alloy – mixture of two or more Alloy – mixture of two or more metalsmetals

HeterogeneousHeterogeneous•Not uniformNot uniform

•Sand and salt, oil and vinegar, Sand and salt, oil and vinegar, etc.etc.

•consists of two or more phasesconsists of two or more phases

Any part of a system Any part of a system with uniform with uniform composition and composition and properties is called a properties is called a phasephase. .

Separating MixturesSeparating Mixtures

•Separation by physical Separation by physical meansmeans

•Uses differences in physical Uses differences in physical properties to separateproperties to separate

•Rocks & marblesRocks & marbles

•Filtration: separates a solid Filtration: separates a solid from a liquid in a from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixtureheterogeneous mixture•Paper Chromatography: Paper Chromatography: separation of dyes and inksseparation of dyes and inks

DISTILLATION: DISTILLATION: a liquid is a liquid is boiled to produce vapor boiled to produce vapor that is condensed again that is condensed again

into a liquid.into a liquid.

States of MatterStates of MatterSolid

Definite shape Definite volumeParticles densely packedParticles vibrate in place

Liquid

No definite shapeDefinite volumeParticles move freely past one another , cause flow like quality

Gas

No definite shapeNo definite volumeParticles collide with enough force to escape the attraction of neighboring particlesHighly compressible

Vapor

A substance in a gaseous state that is usually a solid or liquid at room temperature

44thth State of Matter? State of Matter?Plasma

Closely related to gases

Particles are neither molecules or atoms, but rather electrons and positive ions

Formed at very high temperatures (high enough to ionize the atoms)

Move freely like the particles of a gas

ExamplesStars, comets, and aurora borealis

PURE SUBSTANCESPURE SUBSTANCES• PURE SUBSTANCES ARE Elements PURE SUBSTANCES ARE Elements

or Compoundsor Compounds

Pure Substances and MixturesPure Substances and Mixtures

Classification of MatterClassification of Matter

MATTER

Can it be physicallySeparated ?

yes no

mixture Pure substance

Is it uniform?yes no

Homogeneoussolution

Heterogeneous

Can it be chemically separatedye

sno

compound element