elements and principles of architectural design

8/18/2019 elements and principles of architectural design

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NUPUR AGRAWAL

ROLL NO - 33

B.ARCH 10TH

SEM



Five integra !"#$"nent% &%e' in t(e

!reati"n ") a 'e%ign*

Line

C""r

F"r# an' S(a$e

Te+t&re

,a&e

Visual Design Elements



Line

Line is a moving dot.



T$e%

,erti!a Re$re%ent% 'ignit/ )"r#ait/ %taiit/ an'

%trengt(

H"ri"nta Re$re%ent% !a#/ $ea!e/ an' rea+ati"n

2iag"na Re$re%ent% a!ti"n/ a!tivit/ e+!ite#ent/ an'

#"ve#ent

C&rve' Re$re%ent% )ree'"#/ t(e nat&ra/ (aving t(e

a$$earan!e ") %")tne%%/ an' !reate% a %""t(ing )eeing"r #""'

Line



Vertical Lines

S%!ra$er

Ma'ri'/ S$ainBran'en&rg Gate

BerinT(e E#$ire State

B&i'ing

Ar!(ite!t* S(reve/ La#/an' Har#"n



Horizontal Lines

C"##&nit C(ri%tian C(&r!(

4an%a% Cit/ MO

Ar!(ite!t* Fran L"' Wrig(t/ 1560



Diagonal Lines



Curved Lines

S'ne O$era H"&%e

7"rn Ut"n



C""r (a% an i##e'iate

an' $r")"&n' e))e!t "n a

'e%ign.

Color

8iSt"!$("t".!"#

Saint Ba%i9% Cat(e'raM"%!":



Color

• Color is the hue, shade, or toneof an ob ect.



War# C""r%

Re'%/ "range%/ e":%

C"" C""r%

B&e%/ $&r$e%/ green%

Color



Color

C""r% !an a))e!t (": (&#an% )ee an' a!t

8iSt"!$("t".!"#



Form !"D#$he sha%e and structure of something

as distinguished from its substance or material.

S(a$e* ;<2=T(e t:"-'i#en%i"na !"nt"&r t(at

!(ara!terie% an ">e!t "r area.

Form and &ha%e



Form

• Form is an area surrounded b' s%ace.

• &%ace can be %ositive or negative.



T(e %&r)a!e "" "r )ee ") %"#et(ing

S#""t( S&r)a!e Re)e!t% #"re ig(t an't(ere)"re i% a #"re inten%e !""r.

R"&g( S&r)a!e A%"r% #"re ig(t an'

t(ere)"re a$$ear% 'arer.

$e(ture



$e(ture

• $e(ture is the visual surfaceualit of an ob ect.



&mooth $e(ture

8iSt"!$("t".!"#

E+teri"r #eta )a?a'e ") 2i%ne C"n!ert Ha

L"% Angee%

Ga%% )a?a'e ") a (ig(

ri%e "))i!e &i'ing

Mi!r"%")t O))i!e !i$art



*ough $e(ture

8iSt"!$("t".!"#

8iSt"!$("t".!"#

Par Gr&e Bar!e"na/ S$ain

Ar!(ite!t* Ant"ni" Ga&'@



T(e reative ig(tne%% "r 'arne%% ") a !""r

Met("'%

S(a'e 2egree ") 'arne%% ") a !""r

Tint A $ae "r )aint variati"n ") a !""r

Value



Value

8iSt"!$("t".!"#

2":nt":n &i'ing% in Banga"re/ n'ia



Seven $rin!i$e% en!"#$a%% an intere%ting'e%ign.

Baan!e

R(t(#

E#$(a%i%

Pr"$"rti"n an' %!ae

M"ve#ent

C"ntra%t

Unit

Visual Design +rinci%les



Part% ") t(e 'e%ign are e&a 'i%tri&te' t" !reatea %en%e ") %taiit. B"t( $(%i!a an' vi%&a

aan!e e+i%t.

alance

• - sense of e)uilibrium. /hen establishingbalance consider visual0eight created b' size,

color, te(ture andnumber of objects.



$1+E& 2F -L-3CE

• &144E$*5C-L -chieved b'

%lacing

identicalobjects oneither side of acentral %oint.

• -&144E$*5C-L -chieved b'

%lacing

di6erentobjects ofequal visualweight on

either side of acentral %oint.



$he elements 0ithin the design are identicalin relation to a centerline or a(is.

Baan!e

T(e Ta> Ma(a Ma&%"e&#

Agra/ Uttar Pra'e%(/ n'ia

8iSt"!$("t".!"#

S##etri!a "r F"r#a Baan!e



&'mmetrical alance

• 5dentical candlestic7s, %lates, sit

on the mantle ateach side of the0all mountedmirror.



A%##etri!a "r n)"r#a Baan!e

Part% ") t(e 'e%ign are n"t i'enti!a &t are e&a

in vi%&a :eig(t.

alance

C(atea& 'e C(a&#"ntSa"ne-et-L"ire/ Fran!e

Wii$e'ia."rg



-s'mmetrical alance

• Creates moreinteresting

arrangements.• &uggests

informalit',rela(ed.



Ra'ia Baan!e

2e%ign ee#ent% ra'iate "&t:ar' )r"# t(e !enter.

alance



Gaeria ,itt"ri" E#an&ee

Mian/ ta Ar!(ite!t* Gi&%e$$e Meng"ni

2re%'en Fra&enir!(e

2ere%'en/ Ger#a



*adial alance

• *adial alance involves having furnishings or %atternsarranged in a circular manner.

• *adiation creates a s0ee%ing, dramatic, circular motionin a room.



alance

Wii$en'ia."rg



Re$eate' &%e ") ine/ %(a$e/ !""r/ te+t&re"r $attern

T$e%

Reg&ar r(t(#

Ran'"# r(t(#

Gra'ate' r(t(#

R(t(#

*h th



*h'thm

• *h'thm is a measuredmovement throu h s ace.



Reg&ar R(t(#

An ee#ent i% re$eate' at t(e %a#e

re$etiti"nDinterva ea!( ti#e.

*h'thm

Mi!r"%")t O))i!e !i$art Mi!r"%")t O))i!e !i$art

C&e ("&%e 'e%ignR"tter'a#/ Net(eran'%




*egular *h'thm

• *h'thm createdb' du%licating!re%eating#sha%es, colors,%attern, line,te(ture.

• eams in the

ceiling arere%eated./indo0 %anes,re%eat. &tri%es on

ottoman and chair



Ran'"# R(t(#

T(e eat% ") t(e

ee#ent are ran'"#

"r are at irreg&ar

interva%.

*h'thm



Gra'ate' R(t(#

T(e re$eate' ee#ent i% i'enti!a :it( t(e

e+!e$ti"n ") "ne 'etai in!rea%ing "r

'e!rea%ing gra'&a :it( ea!( re$etiti"n.

*h'thm

:::.:ii#e'ia."rg

Le)t* Sta! ") r"!% &%e'

a% )"!a $"int in

an'%!a$ing


Rig(t* T(e C(ine%e T":er

Engi%( Gar'en%

M&ni!(/ Ger#an




8radated *h'thm

• *h'thm createdb' a gradual

change in size orcolor.

• +aint on 0allchanges graduall'in value.

Wii$e'ia."rg



T(e )eat&re in a 'e%ign t(at

attra!t% "ne9% ee t(e)"!a $"int

E#$(a%i% !an e

a!(ieve' t(r"&g( %ie/

$a!e#ent/ %(a$e/ !""r/an'D"r &%e ") ine%

Em%hasis

Ceiing #"%ai! in Par Gr&e


M"%&e - Eg$t


$ g



E4+H-&5&

• $he center orfocus of attention

and interest0ithin a design

$he feature thatcommands

attention andma7es a designvisuall'interesting.



Em%hasis• -rchitectural

features such as9re%laces or

decorative0indo0s are oftenused as focal%oints.

• /or7s of art anddecorativeaccessories are

often em%hasizedin a desi n.



/-1& $2 C*E-$E

E4+H-&5&• -rrangement of

furniture around a

focal %oint.• :se of color,

te(ture, or%attern.

• +lacement ofaccessories.

• :se of lighting.



8uidelines for Creating

Em%hasis• $he %oint of

em%hasis should

commandattention, but notdominate theoverall design.

• 2ther features0ithin the roomshould not

com%ete for the



&C-LE ; +*2+2*$523

S!ae reate% t" t(e size ") a 'e%ign in reati"n t" t(e (eig(t an' :i't( ")t(e area in :(i!( it i% $a!e'.

Pr"$"rti"n reate% t" t(e parts ") t(e ">e!t an' (": "ne $art reate% t"

an"t(er .

&C-LE• *elates to the actual and

relative size and visual0eight of the design and itscom%onents.

• Furniture and accessories

must be in scale to the room



+*2+2*$523

• $he creative use of color,

te(ture, %attern, andfurniture arrangementcan create illusions of%ro%erl' %ro%ortioneds%ace.



&C-LE ; +*2+2*$523

$oo ig, $oo &mall, <ust*ight• $his chairs

massivescalediminishesever'thingaround it.



$oo &mall.

• $hechairs

light%alateaccentua

tes itss7inn'scale.



<ust *ight.

• $his clubchair

matchesthe scaleof the

sofa.



F": "r )eeing ") a!ti"n

4ovement



4ovement



4ovement

• 4ovement is the relocation of an

ob ect in s ace over time.



Contrast

N"ti!ea 'i))erent

Can e !reate' :it(

C""r

Pr"$"rti"n an' %!ae

S(a$e

Te+t&re

Et!.

8iSt"!$("t".!"#

i



Unit i% a!(ieve' t(e !"n%i%tent &%e ") ine%/

!""r/ #ateria/ an'D"r te+t&re :it(in a 'e%ign.

:nit'

8iSt"!$("t".!"#

8iSt"!$("t".!"#



:35$1

• :nit' occurs 0henall the %arts of a

home or room arerelated b' oneidea.

• - uni9ed designhas consistenc'of st'le

: it




8iSt"!$("t".!"#

8iSt"!$("t".!"#

:nit'

5 *



5mage *esources

4icrosoft, 5nc. !=>>?#. Cli% art. *etrieved <anuar' @, =>>A, fromhtt%BBoce. microsoft.comBenusBcli%artBdefault.as%(

/i7i%edia. *etrieved <anuar' @, =>>A, fromhtt%BBen.0i7i%edia.org

i&toc7%hoto. *etrieved <anuar' @, =>>A fromhtt%BB000.istoc7%hoto.comBinde(.%h%

*h'thm ero 2ne, &%iral &taircaseG <ul' =, =>>@ via Flic7r,

Creative Commons -ttribution, &hare -li7e License.

alance $erence $.&. $am, &%ace 3eedle and +aci9c &cienceCenterG 2ctober , =>>? via Flic7r, Creative Commons-ttribution, 3oncommercial, &hare -li7e License



M"ve#ent* E' S!(i$&/ Orange Line eTe!( <00 Mar!( <I/ <00 via

Fi!r/ Creative C"##"n% Attri&ti"n/ S(are Aie Li!en%e.

Color 3as%la'er, *ainbo0 Colored 4il7 Dro% &%lash !E(%lore I>?#G <une II, =>>A via Flic7r/ Creative Commons -ttribution, 3o Derivative

/or7s License.

Te+t&re* L&! Niet"/ Ta$ete 'e PJ%ti!" <00 N"ve#er <6/ <00 via

Fi!r/ Creative C"##"n% Attri&ti"n/ N"n!"##er!ia/ S(are Aie Li!en%e

Pr"$"rti"n* A$er K&&n/ 2i%$r"$"rti"n 7& 6/ <00 via Fi!r/ Creative

C"##"n% Attri&ti"n/ N"n!"##er!ia Li!en%e.

* f



*eferences

$he Em%ire &tate uilding 2cial 5nternet &ite !n . d.#.*etrieved <anuar' @, =>>A, from htt%BB000.esbn'c.comB

8reat uildings. !=>>A#. *etrieved <anuar' @, =>>A, from000.greatbuildings.com.

Heart Castle Hearst &an &imeon &tate Historical 4onument.!=>>A#. *etrieved <anuar' @, =>>A, from000.hearstcastle.org

7ir"&%e/ C. ;155=. Ee#ent% ") 2e%ign. n Art, Design, and Visual

Thinking. Retrieve' Se$te#er <I/ <005/ )r"#

(tt$*DD:::.!(ar.t+a.!"rne.e'&.

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