electronic workbench 5

7/31/2019 Electronic Workbench 5

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HNG DN S DNG PHN MMELECTRONIC WORKBENCH 5.12

Hin nay, vi s h tr ca my tnh vic th nghim v ch to ccmch in tr nn n gin hn nhiu. Nh c nhng phn mm h trny, cho php ngi ch to tn thi gian cho vic th nghimnhiu ln trn thc t v vic thit k thun li hn nhiu. C rt nhiu

phm mm lin quan n thit k v m phng in. Trong gii hn biny, xin gii thiu vi cc bn phn hng dn s dng phn mmELECTRONIC WORKBENCH 5.12. y l mt phn mm m phngtrc quan v in t, d thao tc vi ngi s dng. n hin thi c phin bn 10.0. Tuy nhin, chng ti vn gii thiu phin bn 5.12

v vn c rt nhiu bn s dng phin bn ny, v nhng phin bn sauny c nng cp t cc phin bn trc , cho nn t phn c sny bn c th tm hiu d dng hn i vi cc phin bn cao hn.

Ti liu hng dn gm hai phn:

PHN TRA CU: Dng tra cu cc chc nng ca cc cng clm vic ca phn mm ELECTRONIC WORKBENCH 5.12. Gm ccloi sau:

Cc thanh chc nng Th vin linh kin Thit b o kim

PHN THC HNH: Gm

Cc bi thc hnh c bn Cc bi thc hnh nng cao

V TR CA EWB TRONG MN HC C.A.A

C.A.A.l tn ca mn hc Gii tch mch vi s tr gip mytnh, vit tt t thut ng ComputerAided Analysis. tin cho victrnh by trong gio trnh, ngi vit xin c php dng thut ng vit
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tt ny thay th cho tn mn hc "Gii tch mch vi s tr gip mytnh" trong ton b gio trnh in t. y l mt mn hc c rtnhiu cc trng i hc, cao ng trn ton th gii s dng. N trang

b cho sinh vin cc kin thc c bn v my tnh, t sinh vin c

thphn tch mch, h thng in qua cc cng c m mn hc h tr.Xin ng nhm thut ng "phn tch mch" y theo ngha l "cc nguyn l lm vic ca mch", m hy hiu theo hng phn tchchi tit tng linh kin thnh phn tham gia mch... k c ca ngithit k, t c th phn tch u nhc im ca mch, gip ngi sdng cng c d dng hn trong vic ci tin mch theo hng mnhmun. Tu vo tng trng, tng ngnh, tng cp hc, cc cng cc trang b trong mn hc cng khc i. C th vi cc trng thinv thit k, ngi ta s dng Matlab; cc trng ch yu thc hnh c

th dng Electronics Workbench (EWB), Pspice, CircuitMaker,Orcad ... Ti b mn in t trng i hc s phm k thut Tp HCh Minh, chng ti s dng EWB v Pspice. Tm li, phn mmElectronics Workbench chnh l mt cng cm mn hc C.A.A muntrang b cho sinh vin. Ngoi cng c l phn mm EWB, mn hcC.A.A cn trang b cho sinh vin ngnh in t cc kin thc v mhnh ton hc ca cc linh kin in t, gii thiu v cu trc phncng my tnh ...

l mt cng c, th chnh bn thn phn mm ny khngth t n thit k nn mch in, m n ch tr gip ngi thit ktrong vic tnh ton: ngha l nu ngi s dng khng bit thit k th

phn mm ny cng chng thit k c g ngoi cc v d mu mangtnh minh ho. Khng nn hiu thut ng EDA (Electric andElecctronics Design Automation) l phn mm c th t n thit kc mch in. Chnh xc l n ch lm cho vic thit k tr nn ddng hn nh vo tc tnh ton cc nhanh ca n. C mt cu ni cv dn d nhng din t rt chnh xc trng hp ny, l:"Vi my

tnh, nu ta a vo rc n s cho ra rc".

Trong cc phn mm m phng hin nay, EWB l mt trongnhng phn mm thc dng nht. Do vy sinh vin s c nhiu thunli khi tip cn vi phn mm Electronics Workbench.

MT S C IM


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yu cu ni ngi s dng EWB phi c c mt trnh c bn nhtnh.

Nhng nu ch nu nhng u im m b qua nhc im th tht lphin din. "Nhn v thp ton" nn sn phm con ngi to ra cng

khng trnh khi nhng sai st nht nh. Chng trnh EWB vn tnti mt s nhc im sau:Do EWB dng phng php Newton-Raphson gii quyt

cc mch in phi tuyn, ngha l khi gp cc linh kin phi tuyn EWBs tuyn tnh ho chng v th s dn n cc sai s. Khi cc sai s nycn nm trong dung sai c ch nh trc trong qu trnh phn tchmch (trong menu Analysis), th kt qu vn c hin th. Nu sai sny vt qu mc cho php, thng tin bo li (Error) s hin ra v vic

phn tch s b hy b, trong khi mch thc t c th vn chy tt.

Do EWB ch yu nh tnh t nh lng, v d vi mt transistor BJT:Pspice cng thi im dng n 14 thng s m phng trong khiEWB ch c 10. Nn sai s xy ra kh ln. iu ny cng l gii v saocng mt cu hnh my tnh, mch in, cc yu cu phn tch... EWBchy nhanh v t b "treo" hn Pspice.

Tnh lin thng gia cc phn mm ca EWB cha cao: nunh Pspice v Orcad (lc cha st nhp) c th dung np d dng rtnhiu phn mm v v phn tch mch khc th EWB khng c ddng nh trn.

Vi nhng c tnh va phn tch trn, ta nhn thy EWB rtthch hp cho cc lp thc tp, trung cp hoc cng nhn lnh ngh. V y yu cu chnh l nh tnh; cn nh lng l khng cao. c bitrt thch hp i vi cc k thut vin sa cha in t (s, trung lncao cp), EWB c th xem nh mt bn th "cao cp".

PHN I : CC THANH CHC NNGSau khi vic khi ng phn mm EWB 5.12 hon tt, vo phn mm

ta thy trn mn hnh my tnh c cc thanh nh sau:


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THANH TRNH N

THANH CNG C

xem cng dng ca cc thanh trn, hy click chut trn cc biu

tng tng ng m bn mun xem.

THANH TRNH N

Thanh trnh n cha cc lnh menu chnh. Trong lnh menu chnh c

cha cc lnh menu con h tr cho vic m phng mch in.

1. File:

Trong trnh n ny cha cc lnh nh sau:

- New: M ca s thit k mi cha c t tn

(Untitled). Nu chuyn sang mt mch in

khc, chng trnh s nhc lu li mch in
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trong mn hnh thit k trc khi m mn hnh

thit k khc.

Khi khi ng chng trnh, ca s thit k

mch mi s t ng xut hin.

- Open: M mt tp tin mch in c lu

trc y. Bnh thng, hp thoi Open s xut

hin. Nu cn thit c th chuyn i qua li

gia cc a hay cc th mc c cha tp tin

cn m. Chng trnh ch m nhng tp tin c

phn m rng l : *.CA*, * .Cd*, v *.Ewb

(trong mi trng Windows).

- Save: Lu tp tin mch in hin hnh. Thng

thng, hp thoi lu tr tp tin s xut hin. C

th chn th mc hoc chuyn i a trong

hp thoi l tr. i vi ngi s dng h iuhnh Windows, phn m rng ca tp tin mch

in s l .EWB t ng cng thm vo. V d :

mch in c tn l DaoDong s c lu li

di dng tp tin ca chng trnh l :

DaoDong.EWB.

- Save As: Khi mun chuyn i tn tp tin t tp tin gc th chn lnh

Save As v tp tin c s khong thay i. Ch : tp tin trong phin bn

5.12 s khng th m c trong phin bn 5.0. Ngc li, cc tp tin

trong phin bn 5.0 sau khi lu li v chuyn vo danh sch nhng


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tp tin ca phin bn 5.12 s c cng trnh hiu nh l tp tin mc

nh ca phin bn 5.12.

- Revert to Saved: Phc hi mch in theo cch lu cui cng.

- Import... : Chuyn tp tin ca chng trnh SPICE c phn m rng

l *.Net hay *.Cir trong h iu hnh Windows thnh dng s

nguyn l.

Ch : chng trnh Electronics Workbench s ch nhn din nhng

im ni nhau trong mch, nu bng s im ni cho php ca chng

trnh. Nu vt qu s lng cho php th chng trnh s thay i tnnhng im ni v v cung cp nhng thng tin mi ny trong hp

thoi.

- Export...: i vi nhng ngi s dng h iu hnh Windows, bt

k mt tp tin mch in no lu tr theo nh dng tp tin c phn m

rng l *.Net, *.Scr, *.Cmp, *.Cir, *.Plc. Chuyn s nguyn l ca

chng trnh sang phn mm khc c h tr thit k mch in.

- Print...:


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Boolean Expresstion : ch in biu thc Boolean trong my chuyn

i Logic.

XY Plot : ch in th theo hai trc X v Y trong cc bng thng k

thng s ca mch in.

- Ch : Th t trang in s hin ra khi nhp chut vo cn in. Ch

nhng c ch hin ra l c th in c cn cc ch m th khng

chn in ra giy c.

- Print setup: Sau khi chn lnh ny, hp thoi Print Setup s xut

hin vi cc thng s in chun t c th thay i li cc thng s

cho my in v nh dng cho hnh nh, kh giy, ngun giy v mt s

chn la khc. Nu mch in qu ln, n s t ng tri rng v in ra

vi s giy nhiu hn s giy d tnh.

THANH CNG C


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Ngay di thanh trnh n chnh l thanh cng c. Thanh ny cha cc

cng c iu khin vic m phng tng t nh khi click t menu

nhng nhanh hn. Do ngha ca cc biu tng trong thanh ny

ging nh trong thanh trnh n nn y gio trnh ch nu chc nng

ca tng nt trong bng sau .

New: m tp tin mi.

Open: m mt tin lu.

Save: Lu tp tin ang hin hnh.

Print: cho php in.

Cut: ct mt phn t a vo Clipboard

Copy: Sao chp tp tin.

Paste: Dn tp tin t Clipboard vo mn hnh hin

hnh.Rotate, Flip Horizontal, Flip Vertical: xoay chuyn linh

kin.

Create Subcircuit: To mch in ph tr.

Display Graphs: cho php hin th ci du.

Component Properties: Chnh sa thuc tnh

Zoom In, Zoom out: phng to thu nh i tng.

T l xem mch in trn mn hnh.

Help: hng dn bng ting Anh.


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PHN II : TH VIN LINH KIN

Khi m mn hnh giao din chnh ca EWB 5.12, ngaydi thanh menu hin hu thanh th vin linh kin. y

chnh l ni EWB cha cc linh kin phc v cho vic

m phng. Thanh ny c dng nh sau:

Ni dung trong tng hp cng c trong thanh ny

trnh by qua bng sau (Nhp chut vo biu tng ca

tng hp linh kin xem chng loi linh kin):


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Sources : cha tt c nhng b ngun c sn trong

chng trnh Electronics WorkBench bao gm ngun

Pin (Battery), ngun xoay chiu (AC voltage source),

ngun mt chiu (Vcc source), ngun pht sng FM

(FM source).

Basic : cha nhng thnh phn c bn c trongmch in t c thit k sn trong chng trnh

bao gm in tr (Resistor), t in (Capacitor), r-le

(Relay), bin p (Transformer), tip im...

Diode : cha nhng kiu Diode c sn trong

Electronics WorkBench bao gm Diac, Triac, Diac,

Thyristor, diode Shockley, Led, Diode zener, cudiode.

Transistors : cha nhng linh kin thuc h

transistor bn dn c sn trong chng trnh bao

gm transistor BJT; JFET knh P, knh N; MOSFET

knh N, knh P; GaAS FET knh N, knh P.

Analog ICs : cha nhng b khuch i thut ton

bao gm b khuch i thut ton 3, chn, 5 chn

(5-terminal opamp), 9 chn (9-terminal opamp), b

so snh (Comparator), mch vng kho pha (phase-

locked loop).

Mixer ICs : cha cc vi mch lai bao gm nhng b

chuyn i Analog sang Digital v t Digital sang

Analog, mch n n (Monostable), vi mch 555.

Digital ICs : cha nhng vi mch s cho chng

trnh EWB 5.12. Bao gm nhng vi mch thuc h

74XX, 741XX, 742XX, 4XXX.

Logic Gate : cha cc cng logic c trong chng

trnh m phng nhcng NOT, AND v cc IC cha
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PHN III: THIT B O KIM

Thit b o lng c ct gi trn thanh cng c linh kin v nmtrong biu tng cui cng ca thanh, biu tng y c mang tn :

Instruments.

Khi biu tng c kch chn. Lc ny, ca s Instruments

hin ra: cha 7 biu tng ca cc thit b o lng.

ly thit b s dng trong vic kho st dng sng hoc o c

cc thng s k thut ca mch in, hy di chuyn con tr n mt

biu tng, bng tn ca thit b s hin ra. Nu ng thit b cn chn,

ta ch vic click v r chut n v tr d nh t thit b.
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tm hiu tnh nng ca tng thit b o kim, hy click vo tng

biu tng trong bng sau:

Multimeter: ng h o vn nng (V; O; A; dB).

Function Generator: My pht sng: sin, rng ca, vung.

Oscilloscope: Dao ng k hai tia.

Bode Ploter: My v gin Bode.

Word Generator: My pht t (t 16 bits).

Logic Analyser: My phn tch mch logic.

Logic converter: B chuyn i logic.

BI THC HNH C BN: ELECTRONIC

WORKBENCH 5.12.

Cc phn trong phn ny l cc bi thc hnh c bn cc bn lm

quen vi cc s dng chng trnh, cc bi tp n gin vi 6 bi nhsau

Bi 1: Mch chnh lu Bi 2: Mch khuch i Bi 3: Mch dao ng 555 Bi 4: Thanh ghi dch
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Bi 5: Mch m Bi 6: n giao thng

BI 1: MCH CHNH

LU

Kho st mch chnh

lu bn k nh hnh

v sau:

1.Mc ch - yu cu :

- Gip cho cc bn cng c kin thc v mch chnh lu .

Nm vng nguyn l hot ng v cch thit k mch

chnh lu theo s nguyn l . Bit cch la chn cc

linh kin t thanh cng c v o c cc thng s k thut

ca mch nh vo cc thit b o.
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m ca s Basic. Trong ca s Basic va m, bn hy

chn nt c biu tng in tr v ly n ra mn hnh tng t

nh ly diode (xem cc bc ny phn thc hnh).

Do chng trnh mc nh i vi in tr l nm ngang

v vy, cn phi xoay cho in tr nm dc bng cch

nhp chut chn in tr cn xoay sao cho in tr bin

thnh mu , v sau nhp chut vo nt Rotate

(Phm tt Ctrl + R)trn thanh cng c (lnh ny s xoay

linh kin mt gc 900 theo chiu ngc chiu kim ngh).

Sau khi nhp vo nt Rotate, in tr s xoay mt

gc 900

so vi lc u.Trong hp linh kin Basic, chn t in khng cc

tnh (Capacitor), nhn v ko n vo mn hnh thit k,

t vo v tr thch hp v th chut.

Cng nh i vi in tr, t in cng nm ngang

theo ch mc nh ca chng trnh v cc bn hydng lnh Rotate xoay t in ny theo chiu dc tng

t nh cch xoay in tr trnh by trn.

V cng chnh trong ca s Basic, cc bn dng chut


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Bc 3 : Chn tr s v nhn cho linh kin .

Trong bi tp ny, gi tr ca cc linh kin l: R = 1K, C

= 50mF, V = 24V/50Hz/0 Deg, Diode loi D1N4001.

Nhp chut phi vo linh kin th ng (R,L,C...), mttrnh n tri xung s xut hin, nhp chut vo lnh

Component Properties.

Ca s Properties ca linh kin tng ng s xut hin,

trong bng Label hy nhp tn Rvo Label, gi tr vo

bng Value.

Nhp chut vo nt OK khi nhp xong.


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Nhp chut phi vo Diode, mt trnh n s s xung.

Trong trnh n ny, bn hy nhn chut chn lnh

Component Propeties.

Ca s Diode Properties xut hin. Trong ca s ny,

hu ht cc linh kin u c t ch mc nh

(default) l l tng (ideal). Do , chn loi Diode

D1N4001 th cc bn hy chn lnh Modelsv chn tnnh sn xut linh kin l internattrong ct Library . Sau

, hy chn loi D1N4001trong ct Model.


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Cui cng, chn nhp chut vo nt OK.

Nhp chut phi vo ngun AC Voltage Source,trong

trnh n s xung hy chn lnhComponent Properties.

Sau khi chn lnhComponent Properties,ca s AC

Voltage Source Propertiesxut hin. Trong ca s ny,

bn hy chn lnh Value v tin hnh thay i gi tr cangun bng cch nhp gi tr 24 (n v V) trong

Voltage(V); nhp gi tr 50vo Frequency (n v Hz).

Sau hy nhn OK chp nhn cc thng s va nhp


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vo.

Bc 4 : Ni mch theo s nguyn l c th ni mch c d dng v nhanh chng th

cc bn hy tin hnh nh sau.t mi tn con tr ngay ti mt chn ca cun s cp

bin p sao cho xut hin mt chm en, lc ny nhp v

gi chut ri ko n u dng ca ngun in. Khi thy

ti y cng xut hin mt chm en th cc bn hy th

chut ra. Kt qu l ta c mt ng ni mch.

t con tr ngay ti chn cn li ca cuc s cp bin


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p sao cho xut hin chm en, ri ko chut n u m

ca ngun in. Khi thy xut hin chm en th hy th

chut ra.

t mi tn con tr ngay ti chn Anode ca Diode, sao

cho xut hin du chm en. Sau bn hy ko chut

n mt u th cp ca bin p, khi thy xut hin chm

en th hy th chut ra.

t mi tn con tr chut ngay ti chn Catode ca

Diode sao cho xut hin chm en, ri ko chut n chn

dng ca t in. n khi thy xut hin chm en ti

chn dng th bn hy th chut ra.

tcon tr chut ngay ti chn in tr, khi xut hinchm en th hy ko chut n ni vi im gia caon dy ni Diode v t in sao cho xut hin chm trn


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nh ri th chut.

t mi tn con tr chut ti chn cn li ca in tr

sao cho xut hin chm en ri ko chut n ni vi

mass.

`t mi tn con tr ngay ti chn cn li cha ni dy

ca t in, sau khi xut hin chm en th nhp chut v

ko n im gia on dy ni ca in tr v Mass. Khi

thy xut hin mt vng trn nh th bn hy th chut ra.

t mi tn con tr chut ti u cn li ca cun th

cp bin p, khi xut hin du chm en th nhp chut v

ko n im ni Mass chung ca t in v in tr.


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Lu :

C i khi, cc bn cng thc hin cch ni mch nh

trn, nhng ng ni mch khng c kt dnh li vi

nhau. Lc ny, cc bn phi lu n vic kt ni ca

chn linh kin, i vi mt chn linh kin ch cho php cc

bn kt ni c mt ln. Cho nn, khi cc bn ni thm

mt chn linh kin khc vo gia 2 chn linh kin ni

to thnh mt nt c 3 ng ( hoc 4 ng ) th phi m

bo khong cch gia 2 chn linh kin ln, c th

thc hin vic kt ni.

Mi mt nt ch c th kt ni c ti a 4 ngdy.

Nu trong qu trnh kt ni m cc dy ni khng

c ngay thng th cc bn ch cn: dng chut nhp vo

ng dy ang ni (ng dy khng ngay thng) v gi

chut, ri sau ko chut iu chnh li sao cho thng

hng v th chut (nh hnh 1,2,3,4 bn di).


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1 2

34

Sau khi thc hin giai on ni dy, ta s c mt mch

in hon chnh nh sau:

Ngoi ra, cc bn cn c th chn mu sc cho

ng dy ni bng cch nh sau: chn ng dy cn i

mu sc v nhp p chut (nhp 2 ln lin tip) vo

ng dy. Lc ny, c mt ca s hin ra. Sau , cc

bn chn mu sc nh mun v nhp vo OK. Kt qu l

ng dy ni s hin ra ng mu m cc bn chn


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Khi tng gi tr ca t:

T nhng kt qu ghi nhn c nh trn, d dng

rt ra nhn xt: diode chnh lu chuyn ngun xoay chiu

thnh mt chiu; gi tr t5 in cng ln sng dng in

p ng ra cng phng. in p trung bnh trn ti c th

o c bng Voltmeter.T nhng kt qu ghi nhn c nh trn, d dng rt ranhn xt: diode chnh lu chuyn ngun xoay chiu thnhmt chiu; gi tr t in cng ln sng dng in p ngra cng phng. in p trung bnh trn ti c th o c


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1.Mc ch - yu cu:

- Cng c kin thc v mch khuch i, nm vng

nguyn l hot ng v cch thit k mch in theo s

l thuyt. Bit cch la chn linh kin t thanh cng

c v o c cc thng s k thut ca mch nh vo

cc thit b o.

- S dng tt cc cng c o kim.

2.Cc bc tin hnh :

Trc tin ta cn phi khi ng chng trnh EWBbng cch: chn lnh Start > Programs > Electronics

WorkBench > Electronics WorkBench. Lc ny trn


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Sau khi ly xong tt c cc linh kin th cc bn

tin hnh ti vic ly ngun cung cp cho mch hot

ng. Nhp chut vo biu tng ngun Source.

Khi ca s ngun Source hin ra, cc bn hy nhp

v gi chut vo biu tng ngun Battery v ko biu

tng vo mn hnh thit k v t ti v tr thch

hp, ri th chut ra. Sau cc bn cng nhp v gi

chut vo biu tng ngun in p xoay chiu (mangtn: AC Voltage Source) ri ko biu tng y vo

mn hnh thit k; t ti v tr thch hp v th chut

ra.

Cng chnh ca s Sources, cc bn ly lun ng

Groundnh sau: nhp v gi vo biu tng Mass. Sau

ko biu tng vo trong mn hnh thit k mch v

t ti v tr thch hp, ri th chut. Thc hin tng t

c 5 im Mass.


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Sau khi ly v sp xp linh kin nh trnh by bi

tp 1 th cc bn c s mch in hnh v nh sau :

- Bc 2 : Chn tr s v nhn cho linh kin .

Cch chn li tr s v nhn cho tng linh kin ca

mch in sao cho cc gi tr ph hp vi yu cu

ca mch cn thit k. Do , cch chn tr s v nhn

ny c trnh by trong cc bi tp trc, cho nn

ngi thc hin khng trnh by li. Bn cnh , s

trnh by cho cc bn cch g ch ting vit trong

Workbench v cch chn tr s in p cho n hin th, gip cho sng ht led trong n hin th.

Cch g ch ting vit trong Workbench :


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g ch ting vit trong Workbench th cc bn hy

lm nh sau: mch in, trn n hin th c ghi ch

Hin th, nhm ch thch cho ngi xem bit c trong

mch in linh kin l ci g. Cch thc hin nh sau:

Cc bn hy di chuyn con tr n biu tng c k hiu

chM v nhp chut (k hiu mang tn:

Miscelaneous).

Lc ny, ca s hin ra ngay pha di biu tng,

ch cn cc bn nhp v gi chut vo biu tng k

hiu chA nm bn trong ca s (k hiu mang tn :

Textbox), sau ko biu tng vo mn hnh thit k,

ri th chut.

K tip , cc bn nhn nt phi chut vo chA,

trong trnh n s xung hy chn lnh Component

Properties v kt qu l c mt ca s Textbox hin ra

nh sau :


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Lu : Mc d khi chn Set Font ri nhng ch ca

bn s hin ra di dng mt Font khc. Khi ny cc

bn vn c nhn OK thot ra khi hp Textbox, sau

nhp v gi chut vo biu tng ch A; ko ch

HIN TH ra; t vo mn hnh thit k; th chut. Kt

qu s c c ch vi Font VNI - Times.

Mun di chuyn cc ch th ging nh cch di

chuyn cc linh kin vy.

Cch chn tr s in p cho n hin th :

lm c iu ny th cc bn hy nhp p chut

vo ngay n hin th. Lc ny, s c mt ca s

Decoded Bargraph Display Properties.


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Cc bn hy lu n bin tn hiu ti ng ra cao

nht l bao nhiu t c chia cho 10.V ly gi tr

mt phn in vo cho mc mang tn: Lomest

segment turn-on voltage(VL). y chnh l mc in

p nh nht cho php mt n led trong n hin th

sng. Cn mc mang tn Highest segment turn-on

voltage(VH), chnh l mc in p cao nht cho 10

n led sng trong n hin th. Trong mch in ny,

bin tn hiu ra cao nht l khong 21 mV n 22mV. Do ,cc bn cn phi in vo mc VL: 2 mvv

mc VH: 21 mV, nhm mc ch cho 10 bng n

led ca n hin th u sng ht theo s bin thin ca

bin tn hiu ti ng ra.

Bc 3 : Ni mch theo s nguyn l

c th ni mch c d dng v nhanh chng th

cc bn hy tin hnh nh sau :

Cc bn t mi tn con tr ngay ti v tr chn linh

kin, sao cho chn linh kin c xut hin du chm

en. Lc ny, nhp v gi chut, sau cc bn kochut ti chn linh kin cn ni v cho ti chn linh

kin cng xut hin du chm en th cc bn th

chut, kt qu cc bn s c mt ng ni mch .


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Sng ng ra ca mch khuch i dng transistor c

dng nh sau:

4/ Bi tp cng c:

Thit k mch khuch i y-ko (push-pull) ch B v AB. Nhn xt v si dng sng in p v

nhy ca mch.

BI 3: MCH DAO NG (555)

Kho st mch dao ng s dng IC 555 c s

nguyn l nh sau:


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1.Mc ch - yu cu :

- Cng c kin thc v vi mch 555, mt vi mch lai(hybrid) rt ni ting v tnh ph dng ca n. Nm

vng nguyn l hot ng v cch thit k mch s

dng IC 555 . Bit cch la chn cc linh kin t thanh

cng c v o c cc thng s k thut ca mch nh

vo cc thit b o.

- S dng thng tho cc thit b o kim phn tng

t.

2.Cc bc ti n hnh :

thit k mch in trn, cc bn cn phi khi

ng chng trnh Electronics WorkBench bng cch

chn lnh Start > Programs > Electronics

WorkBench > Electronics WorkBench.


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Sau khi khi ng chng trnh EWB, mn hnh

EWB xut hin v chng ta s tin hnh v s mch

in ny theo cc bc nh sau :

-Bc 1 : Ly linh kin.

Cc bn hy dng chut

nhp vo th vin vi mch

lai m hp linh kin cha

IC 555. Trong hp linh kin

ny, nhn chut vo nt

555; ko n vo mn

hnh thit k v t ti v

tr thch hp.Sau nhn vo nt

Close (c hnh du X) bn

trn gc phi ca hp linh

kin ng hp linh kin

ny li. Tip theo bn hy

nhp chut vo hp linh kin

Basic m ca s Basic. Trong ca s Basic va m, bn hy chn nt c

biu tng in tr (Resistor)


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Do chng trnh mc nh i vi in tr l nm

ngang v vy, cn phi xoay cho in tr nm dc bng

cch nhp chut chn in tr cn xoay sao cho in tr

bin thnh mu , v sau nhp chut vo nt

Rotate (Phm tt Ctrl + R)trn thanh cng c (lnh ny

s xoay linh kin mt gc 900 theo chiu ngc chiu

kim ng h).

Sau khi nhp vo nt Rotate, in tr s xoay mt

gc 900 so vi lc u. Trong hp linh kin Basic cn

ang m, chn t in khng cc tnh (Capacitor),

nhn v ko n vo mn hnh thit k, t vo v tr

thch hp v th chut.

Cng nh i vi in tr, t in cng nm ngang

theo ch mc nh ca chng trnh v cc bn hy

dng lnh Rotate xoay t in ny theo chiu dc tng

t nh cch xoay in tr trnh by trn .


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V cng chnh trong ca s Basic, cc bn dng

chut nhp vo biu tng bin th (ly bin th khng

c im gia). Ri sau , ko biu tng vo trong

mn hnh thit k v t ti v tr thch hp v th chut

ra.

Sau , ng ca s ny li bng cch nhp vo nt

Closec hnh ch X gc trn bn phi ca ca sBasic.

ly ngun cung cp cho mch th cc bn hy

dng chut nhp vo biu tng ngun Sources.

Lc ny, ca sSourceshin ra .


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Khi ca s ngun hin ra, cc bn ch cn nhp v gi

chut vo biu tng ngun Battery. Sau , ko biu

tng ngun v t vo v tr m cc bn cn thit

k, ri th chut. Trong hp linh kin Sources cn m,

bn hy chn im ni t c biu tng ni t

(Ground) v ko n vo ca s thit k, t vo v tr

thch hp v th chut.

Bc 2 : Sp xp cc linh kin theo nh s nguyn

l.

Mun di chuyn linh kin th cc bn lm nh sau :

dng chut nhp v gi linh kin cn di chuyn. Sau

, ko chut ti mt v tr m mong mun, ri th

chut ra.


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Bc 3 : Chn tr s v nhn cho linh kin.

Trong bi tp ny, gi tr ca cc linh kin l: R1=

6,8K; R2=3,3K; C = 0,1uF; C2 = 0,01uF; R3 = 12K; V

= 5VDC. iu chnh gi tr cho cc linh kin, ta lnlt thc hin nh sau:

Nhp chut phi vo in tr R1, mt trnh n s s

xut hin, nhp chut vo lnh Component

Properties. Ca s Resistor Properties s xut hin,

trong bng Label hy nhp tn Rvo Label.


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Nhp chut vo nt OK khi nhp xong. Nhp chut

phi vo t in C, trong trnh n s xung hy nhp

chut chn lnh Component Propertiesnhp tng t

nh trn.

Nhp chut phi vo ngun Battery,trong trnh n

s xung hy chn lnhComponent Properties.

Sau khi chn lnhComponent Properties,trong ca

s ny, bn hy chn lnhValuev tin hnh thay i


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gi tr ca ngun bng cch nhp gi tr 5 (n v V)

trong Voltage(V). Sau hy nhn OK chp nhn

cc thng s va nhp vo.

Bc 4 : Ni mch theo s nguyn l.

Sau khi thc hin giai on ni dy, ta s c mt

mch in hon chnh nh sau:


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Ngoi ra, cc bn cn c th chn mu sc cho ng

dy ni bng cch nh sau: chn ng dy cn i

mu sc v nhp p chut (nhp 2 ln lin tip) vo

ng dy. Lc ny, c mt ca s hin ra. Sau , cc

bn chn mu sc nh mun v nhp vo OK. Kt qu

l ng dy ni s hin ra ng mu m cc bn

chn.

Bc 4 : Kho st mch chnh lu bn k.


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Sau khi cc bn kt ni mch hon chnh,

tin hnh vic kho st dng sng ca mch in th cc

bn cn phi ly cc thit b o kim v ni vo trong s

mch in nh sau

Trong qu trnh kho st mch, mun xem c dng

sng ch cn cc bn nhp p chut vo ngay ti thit

b o, lc ny thit b o s c phng to v c th

trong mch dao ng ny thit b o l dao ng k. Kt

qu s c c mt mn hnh dao ng k kch c ln

tin cho vic kho st dng sng. Mt khc mun

tng kch c ca mn hnh dao ng k ln hn na th


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cc bn nhp chut vo nt Expand, nt ny pha

trn ca mn hnh dao ng k. Mun thu nh li ging

nh hnh dng ban u, cc bn hy nhp chut vo nt

Reduce.

Sau khi tt c c chun b

hon chnh th cc bn bt u cho

mch hot ng. mch hot ng

c cc bn nhp nt Activate

simulation(nt ny nm bn gc phica mn hnh EWB).

Sau khi mch hot ng th cc bn tin hnh n

vic lu li s mch in, do lu c s

mch in ny th ta phi thc hin nh sau.

Cc bn c th lu li bng cch nhn chut vo nt

Save trn thanh cng c (xem trong phn thc hnh).

t tn cho mch in va thit k vo khung File

name, sau nhp vo nt Save, vy l mch in ca

bn c t tn l Rectifier.ewbv tn ny s nm

gc trn bn tri ca mn hnh thit k.

3. Kt lun :


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Sng ng ra ca mch chnh lu bn k c dng nh

sau :

d dng hn trong vic tnh ton v quan st,

click nt Expand phng to mn hnh dao ng k.


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in p trn t dao ng gia hai tr s Vcc/3 v

2Vcc/3.

4. Bi tp cng c :

Hy thit k mch dao ng a hi dng vi mch 555

c tn s sng dng ng ra khng i nhng iu khin

c t l gia Ton v Toff ( thi gian ng ra mc cao

v thi gian ng ra mc thp)

BI 4: THANH GHI DCH

M phng thanh ghi dch dng Flip-Flop D nh

hnh v sau:


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1. Mc ch-Yu cu:

- Lm quen dn vi vic v mch in cn m phng c

th nh cch ly cc linh kin t thanh cng c, cch ni

dy trong chng trnh Electronics WorkBench v tin

hnh m phng. T cng c kin thc v mch ghi

chuyn m phng theo IC 74164.

- S dng c cc th vin linh kin s v cc thit b

phn tch s.

2. Trnh t m phng:

Khi ng chng trnh Electronics WorkBench

bng cch chn lnh Start > Programs > Electronics

WorkBench > Electronics WorkBench. Ngay sau

mn hnh lm vic ca chng trnh xut hin vi mt

ca s thit k cn trng.

Tin hnh thit k mch in trn trong ca s thit

k theo cc bc nh sau :

BC 1: Ly linh kin ra mn hnh thit k.

Trc tin bn cn c 4 Flip - Flop D loi D Flip-Flop

with Ative Low Asynch Input chn trn thanh cng chp linh kin Digital. Nhp chut vo m hp linh

kin ny ra.


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Trong ca s Digital hy chn D Flip-Flop with

Ative Low Asynch Input.

Nhp chut ln linh kin ny sao cho ti con tr xut

hin biu tng ca linh kin th bn ko n vo trong

ca s thit k v th chut ra.

Sau bn lp li theo cch trn 3 ln na c

4 Flip - Flop D loi D Flip-Flop with Ative Low Asynch

Input.

Tip theo bn cn phi ly 4 bng n bng cch

a con tr chut chn hp linh kin Indicator trn

thanh cng c.

Nhp chut vo hp linh kin ny m ca sIndicator. Trong ca s va m, bn hy con tr chn

Red Probe c hnh biu tng ca bng n.


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trn thanh cng c bng cch a con tr t vo cc

hp linh kin v tn ca hp linh kin s xut hin ngay

di con tr.

Nhp vo hp linh kin

ny m ca s Basic.

Tm cng tc Switch trong ca s va m v ko n

vo trong mn hnh thit k, t vo v tr thch hp v

th chut.

Tip tc ly thm ba cng tc na theo cch tng

t.

Ly ngun v Mass ging nh cc bi tp trc.

Trong mn hnh thit k by gi c cc linh

kin cn thit cho mch in chng ta cn thit k.

BC 2: t tn v cc thuc tnh cho cc linh

kin.


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Bn chn linh kin t tn bng cch a con tr

chut n v nhp chut ln linh kin ny sao cho linh

kin chuyn thnh mu .

Sau chn nt lnh Component Properties trn

thanh cng c.

K n bn hy chn vo bng Label bng cch nhp

chut vo tn bng Label.

Trong bng Label bn s thy hai khung mu trng,

khung th nht dng t tn cho linh kin sinh vin

ang chn, hy a chut nhp vo khung ny sao cho

c mt thanh mu en nhp nhy trong khung, lc nybn hy nh vo : FF1.


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Sau khi nh tn cho linh kin xong, bn nhp vo

nt OK kt thc qu trnh t tn. Sau khi nhp nt

OK th Flip - Flop D th nht s c tn l FF1. Thc

hin tng t vi cc bng Models, Fault, Display (xem

hng dn cc Ph lc).

Tng t nh cc Flip - Flop D, hy nhp nt phi vo

cng NOT m ca s NOT Gate Properties t tn

cho cng NOT trong bng Label v trong bng Models

chn Default trong Library; chn ideal trong

Model. V kt thc bng cch nhp vo nt OK.

Tng t cch lm trn i vi 4 bng n: L1, L2,

L3, L4.


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i vi cc cng tc, hy m ca s Switch

Properties nh cch trn.

bng gi tr (Value) trong Key c chSpace do

chng trnh mc nh, y l phm dng iu khin

cng tc nn bn c th thay i bng cch a con tr

chut nhp vo trng ri nh chng ln gi tr c. V

d nh k tA, sau nhp chut vo bng Label t

tn cho cng tc. Trong bng Label, bn nh ch

Preset vo trng Label v nhp vo nt OK ktthc qu trnh t tn cho cng tc. Sau khi nhp nt

OK, cng tc c t tn s c tn l Preset v

phm iu khin l A (khi bn nhn phm A trn bn

phm, tip im ny s thay i trng thi).

K n bn t tn cho cng tc th hai l Clock v

phm iu khin l S, cng tc th ba l Clear v phm

iu khin l D. Sau kim tra nh cng tc Preset.

B ngun pin c mc nh l 12 V, bn c th

thay i gi tr ny bng cch m ca s Battery

Properties nh i vi cc linh kin trn c trnh

by.

Trong bng Value ( gi tr ) bn c th thay i gi

tr in p bng cch thay gi tr khc trong Voltage.

V d nh chn gi tr l 5.


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Bn cng c th thay i n v ca in p bngcch nhp chut vo mt trong hai nt mi tn ln hoc

xung chn n v ph hp cho mch in. Trong

ny c 4 mc n v : mV, mV, V v kV.

Trong mch in ny chng ta s chn ngun Pin l

5V. Sau khi chn xong, bn chn OK kt thc. Xem

trn mn hnh ngun c thay i gi tr l 5V.

BC 3: Tin hnh ni mch in.

Bt u t cc Flip - Flop D vi cc chn Preset ni

chung vi nhau bng cch a con tr chut n chn

Preset ca FF1 sao cho u con tr xut hin mt chm

en.


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Nhn chut v ko n chn

Preset ca FF2 sao cho ti

y cng xut hin mt chm

en v ng mch ni hai

chn li vi nhau.Th chut, chng

trnh s t ng ni

mch.

ng mch khng c thng do ta c th chnhsa li cho thng bng cch chuyn con tr ti nhp vo

im ni mu en, con tr s bin thnh hnh bn tay.

Gi chut v ko im ni ny ln pha trn v th

chut ra. ng mch s c sa li thng.

Trong qu trnh ni dy nu ni sai chn, v d nh

ni chn Q ca FF1 vi chn D ca FF2 m li ni sai

vi chn Ck ca FF2.


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Bn c th g ra bng cch sau : a chut nhp vo

ng mch ni sai, khi ng mch s c t m.

Sau nhp vo nt Delete trn bn phm, chng

trnh s hi bn l : Delete selected items? (Xo biu

tng chn?) v bn chn: Yes (ng ); hoc No

(khng ng ) chn li.

Nu chn Yes ng mch s b xo v bn tin hnh

ni li.

Ni cc chn Clear v Ck li vi nhau bng cc cch

ni dy nh trn.


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Ni ngun dng ca pin vi cc chn chung ca cc

cng tc v u cn li ca ngun ni vi Mass.

Ti y l hon tt bc ni mch. Bn c th lu libng cch chn File (Alt + F) trn thanh trnh n.

Trong trnh n File bn chn v nhp chut vo Save

A. Ca s Save Circuit File xut hin. Sau nhp vo

nt Save, vy l mch in ca bn c t tn l

mch 74164.ewb.

+ Bc 4 : Kim tra mch.


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kim tra mch c hot ng hay khng bn hy

nhp chut vo cng tc ngun pha bn phi trn

thanh cng c (Activate simulation). Mch in

c cp ngun, lc ny ng ra ln 1 lm n sng

(mu ), cn nu mc 0 n khng sng (gi nguyn

trng thi).

Bn hy bt cc cng tc theo bng sau v in vo

bng nhng trng thi ca cc bng n. Cng tc bt

ln l mc cao v bt xung l mc thp ( Mc cao = 1,mc thp = 0, xung Clock tc ng cnh ln ).

Preset Clear Clock L1 L2 L3 L40 0 ? 0 1 ? 1 0 ? 1 1 ?

1 1 ? 1 1 ? 1 1 ? 1 1 ? 1 1 ? 1 1 ? 1 1 ? 1 1 ? 1 1 ?

3. Kt lun:


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Vi mch in thanh ghi dch trn bn c th thit k

mt mch n qung co n gin c chng trnh thay

i c thng qua vic thay i cch phn hi t cc

ng ra v li ng vo. Cho mch hot ng hiu r

hn nguyn l hot ng ca IC 74164.

4. Bi tp cng c:

Hy thit k mch m nh phn khng ng b MOD

10, m ln, s dng FF D c xung clock tc ng theo

cnh ln.

BI 5: MCH M

M phng mch m nh hnh sau:


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1. Mc ch - Yu cu :

Lm quen vi vic s dng phm phi ca chut

lm tt trong EWB 5.12, c th trong bi dng gi

nhiu linh kin cng mt chng loi.

Cng c li nhng kin thc v IC m 7490 v IC

gii m 7447.

2. Cc bc tin hnh m phng mch in :

Khi ng chng trnh Electronics WorkBenchbng cch nhp chut vo nt Start > Programs >

Electronics WorkBench> Electronics WorkBench.

- Bc 1 : Ly linh kin vo mn hnh thit k .

Nhp chut vo hp linh kin Digital ICs m hp

linh kin ny.


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Lm theo cch ny ly thm 5 cng NOT vo mn

hnh thit k.

Tip theo ly 2 ngun +Vcc vo mn hnh thit k.

Trong ca s Sources, ly 2 ngun +Vcc, im nit Ground; ko n vo mn hnh thit k, t vo v

tr thch hp v th chut.


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Sau khi ly y cc linh kin vo mn hnh

thit k, mn hnh s c dng sau:

- Bc 2 : Tin hnh ni dy cc linh kin theo s

nguyn l trn.

- Bc 3 : Do tnh cht ca mch in, vic cn chnh

y ch yu cc thit b o kim. C th:

Gip vic quan st s chuyn trng thi trong mch m c d

dng, chnh my pht sng dng nh sau:

- Bc 4 : Ghi nhn kt qu.


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1. Mc ch -Yu cu :

- Cng c li kin thc v mch dao ng to xung

vung dng IC 555, Flip-Flop D v cc cng logic.

- Gii thiu v cc thit b phn tch mch logic.

- Thng tho cch ly linh kin trong EWB

5.12.

2. Cc bc tin hnh:

Khi ng chng trnh Electronics WorkBench

bng cch nhp chut vo nt Start > Programs >

Electronics WorkBench > Electronics WorkBench.

- Bc 1 : Ly linh kin.


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Cc bn s ly IC 555 bng cch chn hp linh kin

Mixed ICs trn thanh cng c. Nhp chut vo hp linh

kin ny v chn 555 Timer c biu tng IC 555.

Nhn chut v ko IC 555 vo mn hnh thit k, t

vo v tr thch hp trong mn hnh thit k v thchut.

Tip theo hy nhp chut vo hp linh kin Digital

m hp linh kin ny.

Trong hp linh kin ny,

nhn chut vo nt D Flip-

Flop with Ative Low

Asynch Inputs, ko n vo

mn hnh thit k, t vo

mn hnh thit k v thchut.

Trong hp linh kin ny, nhn chut vo nt 2-Input

AND Gate, ko n vo mn hnh thit k, t vo v tr


77/117

thch hp v th chut. Hy ly 4 cng AND vo mn

hnh thit k.

Trong hp linh kin Digital cn ang m hy nhn

chut vo nt NOT Gate, ko vo mn hnh thit k, t

vo v tr thch hp v th chut.

Nhp chut vo hp linh kin Basic m hp linh

kin ny.

Trong hp linh kin ny, nhn chut vo nt

Resistor, ko n vo mn hnh thit k, t vo v tr

thch hp v th chut. Hy ko vo mn hnh 8 in

tr. Trong hp linh kin Basic cn ang m, chn t

in khng cc tnh (Capacitor), nhn v ko n vo

mn hnh thit k, t vo v tr thch hp v th chut,

cc bn s cn c 2 t in.


78/117

Trn thanh cng c cc bn hy chn hp linh kin

Sources c biu tng ngun Pin v nhp chut vo n

m hp linh kin.

Trong hp linh kin Sources, cc bn hy nhn chut

vo biu tng ngun Pin (Battery) v ko n vo ca

s thit k t vo v tr thch hp v th chut.

Trong hp linh kin Sources cn m, bn hy chn

MASS c biu tng ni t (Ground) v ko n vo

ca s thit k, t vo v tr thch hp v th chut.

Cc bn s cn n hai Ground.

Nhp chut vo hp linh kin Indicators m hp

linh kin ny. k n nhn chut vo nt Red Probe,

ko n vo mn hnh thit k, t vo v tr thch hp v

th chut. Hy ly 6 bng n Red Probe.(Tt c cclinh kin th ng va nu hng dn cch ly cc

bi tp trc)

Xoay chn ca bng n li cho ph hp vi mch

in bng cch nhn chut vo mt v tr pha trn bn

tri ca bng n trn cng, ko n v tr pha di ca

bng n cui cng, mt hnh ch nht bao ly tt c

cc bng n xut hin, hy th chut chn tt c

cc bng n cng mt lc.


79/117

Cc bng n c chn s c mu , nhp

chut ln nt Flip Horizontal xoay linh kin theo

chiu ngang i din.

Trong hp dng c, hy nhn chut vo nt Logic

Analyser v Oscilloscope, ko vo mn hnh thit k,

t vo v tr thch hp v th chut.

- Bc 2: t tn v thay i gi tr cho cc linh kin.

Mch dao ng s to ra thi gian xung dng l

t+=8s v thi gian xung m l t-=2s. T cng thc trn

ta chn t C1=470mF; R2=6K; R1=18K; C2 = 0.01mF.

Nhp chut phi vo in tr R1, mt trnh n s s

xung, nhp chut vo lnh Component Properties.

Ca s Resistor Properties s xut hin, trong bng

Value hy nhp s 18 vo Resistance v n v

chn K.Nhp chut vo nt OK khi nhp xong cc thng

s trn chp nhn.


80/117

Sau khi in tr R1 c thay tr s mi l 18K.

Tng t nh in tr R1, hy thay tr s ca R2 = 6K.

Cc in tr cn li vn gi tr mc nh l 1K.

Nhp chut phi vo t in C1, trong trnh n s

xung hy nhp chut chn lnh Component

Properties.

Trong ca s Capacitor Properties nhp gi tr 470vo Capacitance v trong n v l mF.


81/117

Nhp vo nt OK khi chp nhn cc thng s va

nhp.

Thc hin tng t i vi t C2 = 0.01mF

Nhp chut phi vo cng NOT m trnh n s.

Nhp chut chn lnh Component Properties (tng tnh trn).

Trong ca s NOT Gate Properties, chn loi cmos

trong Library v chn HC trong Model. iu ny c

ngha l IC thuc h Cmos v c tc cao H.


82/117

Nhp chut vo bng Label m bng Label.

Trong bng Label nhp tn ca cng NOT vo

Label. Nhp chut vo nt OK chp nhn nhng

thng s nhp vo.

Hy lm tng t i vi Flip- Flop D. Trong bng

Label hy nhp tn FF v trong bng Model hy chn

loi cmos trong Library v chn HC trong Model.


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Hy lm tng t i vi Flip-

Flop D. Trong bng Label hy

nhp tn FF v trong bng

Model hy chn loi cmos trong

Library v chn HC trong

Model.Cc cng AND hy lm tng

t nh trn trong ca s 2-Input

AND Gate . t tn cho cc cng

AND theo th t t trn xung

cho tng cng AND l G1, G2,

G3, G4 trong bng Label; chn

cmos trong Library v chn

HC trong Model ca bng

Model trong ca s 2-InputAND Gate.

M ca s Red Probe Properties bng cch nhp

nt phi chut vo bng n u tin trn cng v chn

Component Properties trong trnh n s xung.

Trong ca s Red Probe Properties hy nhp tn ca

bng n ny l X1 (xanh th 1) trong bng Label.

Nhp chut vo bng Model, chn cmos trong

Library v HC trong Model.


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Nhp chut vo bng Choose Probe v chn loi n

hin th, trong bng ny c ba loi mu theo th t t

trn xung l mu: Red (); Green (xanh l); Blue

(xanh dng). i vi bng n ny th chn loi xanh

dng, hy nhp chut vo chBlue Probe sao cho

mt du chm xut hin trong trn bn cnh.

Sau khi chn xong cc thng s cn thit th nhp

chut vo nt OK. Vi cc bng n cn li hy lm

tng t v theo th t t trn xung.

Bngth

Bng

Label Bng Model

Bng

Choose

ProbeLabel Library Model

1 X1 Cmos HC Blue2 V1 Cmos HC Green3 1 Cmos HC Red4 X2 Cmos HC Blue5 V2 Cmos HC Green

6 2 Cmos HC Red

- Bc 3 : Ni dy


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Hy bt u t chn s

1 ca IC 555, chn ny c

k hiu l GND (Ground) v

vy y l chn ni t ca

IC, a con tr chut n

chn s 1 sao cho ti y

xut hin 1 chm en.Nhn v ko n v tr

ca im ni t sao cho ti

y cng xut hin 1 chm

en v ng dy ni hai

im hin ra.Khi thy chm en

im ni t xut hin th

hy th chut, hai im s

t ni vi nhau.K n l chn s 2

(TRI) ca IC, hy ni chn

s 2 vi t C1 bng cch

nhn chut vo chn s 2

sao cho ti y xut hin 1

chm en.

Sau khi ni dy, mch in IC 555 s c hnh nh

sau:


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Nhn chut vo chn s 3 ca IC 555 v ko im

ny n ng vo ca cng NOT.

V nh chut

Nhn chut vo chn Ck ca Flip-Flop D v ko imny n on dy va ni chn s 3 ca IC 555 vi ng

vo ca cng NOT v th chut.


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Nhp chut vo thanh tiu ca my o trn mnhnh hin th (thanh c ghi tn ca my o) di chuyn

mn hnh n v tr thch hp v th chut.

Tng t nh vy i vi my o dng sng

Oscilloscope. Sau khi di chuyn cc my o sao cho d

quan st mch in nht th mn hnh thit k c dngnh hnh trn.

Nhp chut vo nt Activate simulation trn thanh

cng c cp ngun cho mch hot ng (tng t cc

bi trc).

Cn c vo my phn tch Logic ta thy c dng

sng ti cc n c iu khin bi cc cng Logic v

qua mch in ta d dng tm c biu thc hm cho

mi n.


90/117

Thi gian n xanh dng s bng 8s v n xanh lc

(i din cho n vng) s l 2s v thi gian cho n

s l tng thi gian sng ca hai n xanh dng v

xang lc bng 10s.

3. Kt lun :

Mch in hot ng da trn cc biu thc hm

ca cc cng AND v NOT, in p ng ra s cp cho cc

bng n sng.

Thi gian ca n xanh dng s bng thi gian ca

xung dng ca IC 555 ti ng ra.

Thi gian ca n xanh lc s bng thi gian ca

mc 0 ca IC 555 ti ng ra.

Da vo cng thc tnh thi gian ca xung dng vmc 0 ca IC 555 c th tng hoc gim thi gian sng

ca cc bng n.

4. Bi tp cng c:

Hy thit k mch n giao thng c th ng dng ra

thc t ti mt ng t giao l vi yu cu c th nh

sau:

- C th chn c 1 trong 4 ch lm vic sau:


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* ng quyn: Thi gian dnh cho tn hiu n xanh

v cho hai ng nh nhau.

* u tin 1: n A = 2/3 B (tnh v thi gian).

* u tin 2: n A = 1/2 B (tnh v thi gian).

* V khuya: t 21h n 6h sng hm sau, ch c n

vng nhp nhy.

- Thi gian tr cc n c th chnh trong mt khong

rng v trn (chnh nhng vn tun th theo t l iu

khin trn).

- Thit k thm 2 n dnh cho ngi i b: n ny ch

sng khi n l sng.

THC HNH NNG CAO

Bi 1: Mch iu khin rng xung Bi 2: Mch n Organ Bi 3: Mch n qung co Bi 4: Thanh ghi dch Bi 5: Mch m Bi 6: n giao thng

BI 1: MCH IU KHIN RNGXUNG

Thit k mch iu khin rng xung s dng trong iu khin

thyristor.
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1/ Bi gii:

Trong cc ng dng khng yu cu v tuyn tnh khi kch dn

thyristor, ngi ta thng ngh ngay n UJT, PUT hay hai transistor

tng ng... Nhng trong mt s ng dng c tnh t ng ho cao,

cc s trn thng khng tho mn. Lc ny c th c nhiu gii

php khc nhau v mt trong cc gii php l ng dng mch in

n gin sau.

Vi mch in trn, vic iu tit gc kch dn thyristor c iu

tit thng qua vic iu khin in p ng vo V- ca OP-AMPS 741.

Ng ra ca OP-AMPS ny c th thng qua mch m kch dn

thyristor.

Khi lp mch in trn, bn cn lu nguyn l lm vic ca cc

khi vic cn chnh c d dng.


93/117

Khi bn tri ca s chnh l

khi to xung rng ca. Khi ny

gi chc nng ng b ho vic

kch dn thyristor. iu chnh gi

tr ca in tr v t trong mch

s thay i dc sn xung ln

v xung ca xung rng ca. in

p ngun xoay chiu ly ngay trn

li xoay chiu m bn lp

thyristor (c th trong mch li

in 50 Hz). Hai diode khng c

yu cu c bit.

Nu bn lp ng, kim tra sng

dng trn mch s c dng nh

hnh bn tri (ng mu lsng sine 12VAC/50Hz/0 , ng

b vi in p li v ng mu

xanh l sng rng ca m bn cn

to ra c tn s trng kht vi tn s

li.


94/117

OP-AMPS y gi chc nng

so snh hai tn hiu in p ng

vo: mt ca sng rng ca; mtca in p iu khin DC

Tu vo mc in p DC iu khin, gc kch dn thyristor s thay

i theo. C th:

- Hnh a: ta chnh V- = 3VDC (thng qua vic cn chnh t s gia hai

in tr).- Hnh b: ta chnh V- = 6VDC.

Hnh a Hnh b

R rng vic dch mc ng mu (mc DC) lm thay i Ton

v Toff ca sng dng ng ra OP-AMPS. T s thay i gc kch

dn thyristor.

1/ Bi tp m rng: Hy lp thm Thyristor cng ph ti v kho st sng dng, kim tra

tuyn tnh gia in p iu khin t vo V- vi Vti.


95/117

BI 2: MCH N ORGAN

Thit k mch m phng mt cy n organ s dng bn phm lm

phm nhn.

1/ Bi gii:

Phn mm EWB 5.12 cho php to mt cy n organ bng chnh

bn phm my tnh ca bn. Tu vo tn s m thanh m bn gn chomi phm nhn m khi bn nhn vo mch s cho php pht ra tng m

thanh vi m sc khc nhau tng ng vi phm s m bn nh

trc.

Gi s bn mun gn cho cc phm t s 1 n s 0, mi phm mt

tn s tng ng: 330Hz; 440Hz; 550Hz; 770Hz; 880Hz; 990Hz ...

Trc tin phi thit k mt mch dao ng tn s 330Hz v lu li

di tn Pulse-01. Sau dng lnh Subcircuit i mch dao ng ny

thnh mt mch tch hp ch a ra cc chn iu khin ri lu li di

tn khc, v d nh "Pulse".

Tun t dng lnh Copy v Paste sao chp v dn mch Pulse-01

c s thay i vi tham s ca t in v in tr mch dao ng

mt tn s ring bit nh nu trn v lu li vi cc tn khc nhau

v d nh pulse-02; pulse-03 .... C tip tc cho n mch th chn.


96/117

M trang thit k mi v dng lnh Copy v Paste dn tt c cc

mch in ph t Pulse-01 n Pulse-09 vo ca s lm vic ny. Cng

trong trang ny, ly thm cc cng tc c nh thi (nh thi gian pht

ra mi khi nhn phm), bng cch click vo ca s cng c Basic, gi

Time-Delay Switch.

Sau gi tip b chung t hp cng c Indicators:

Sau khi ly chn b cng tc v chn b chung, ni mch chng

li vi nhau v hiu chnh thng s cho cc linh kin, ta c ca s thit

k nh sau:


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99/117

Ngoi ra, trong my pht t bn cng c th ghi vo ri ct dnh

hoc gi cc chng trnh c sn trong EWB 5.12. Mun vy ban hy

click vo Pattern.Mt hp thoi nh sau s hin ra:

Nu bn chn v click vo Shift right, mt mng d liu iu khin

cc n dch phi t ng np vo my pht t.


100/117


101/117

Cc dp l tt, hi h, khi vui chi vi bn b i lc cc bn s dng

con xc xc (x ngu) trong cc tr chi nh c c nga, c t ph ...

u im ca b xc xc ny c l ai cng r, nhng nhc im xc

sut khng ng u gia 6 s v thi gian gia cc ln quay s qu

ln ca chng c th hon ton c khc phc nu nh bn s dng

b xc xc in t sau.

B xc xc s hin th ngay lp tc mt s mi ngay sau khi bn

nhn nt lc xc xc. Nt ny chnh l ntPause trn mn hnh ca

bn.

Trc tin, bn phi gi ra 7 bng n m phng mt b hin th t

s 1 n s 6 ging nh xc xc tht bng cch gi cc n t hp cng

c Indicators.

Sau xp chng theo dng

sau:

Gi my pht t

ni vi 7 bng nvo cc ng ra tn

hiu ca my pht

t (khng nht thit


102/117

phi theo th t).

Sau np d liu vo my sao cho mi t trong my pht t khi

pht ra iu khin 7 bng trn hin th mt trong su s t 1 n 6 ca

ht xc xc nh hnh sau (chng trnh np cc bn t vit, nu khngvit c hy xem bi gii Phn Ph lc):

chy chng trnh, u tin bn chnh my pht t chy t a ch

t 0000H n 0005H v chn mode step (chy tng bc d dngkim tra cc sai st c kh nng xy ra). Sau khi khng cn sai st,

chn mode cycle tn s 1KHz. mt thi im bt k, s c mt

trong su s ca b hin th xut hin trn mn hnh. Do tc dch

chuyn tun t gia cc s hin th qu cao nn ta khng th nhn ra

c con s ang hin th. Nhng khi bn nhnPause, my pht t

ngng pht v dng mt s bt k. Do vy, con s m bn thy trnmn hnh mang tnh ngu nhin, xc sut ng 1/6. thun tin trong

vic s dng, bn c th phng to ht c giao din ca xc xc d

quan st.

Giao din ca ht xc xc

lc bn cha nhn nt Pause

trn EWB 5.12.

Mi khi bn tc ng vo nt Pause trn mn hnh EWB 5.12, giao

din ca ht xc xc s dng li mt s bt k trong su s trn,

nu nhp tip vo Pause giao din li tip tc lun chuyn gia cc


103/117

s...C nh vy, bn s mt ht xc xc va to (bng c mn hnh my

tnh), va nhanh c s (ngay lp tc sau mi ln nhp chut), xc sut

chnh xc 1/6. Bn hy th xem... chc cuc chi vui v.

2/ Bi tp m rng:

Bn hy thit k "chic nn k diu" nh trn VTV3 th xem, khng

kh u!

BI 5: MCH BNH BU DN

Thit k mch biu quyt ly kin a s cho 5 thnh vin tham

gia.

1/ Bi gii:

y l mt bi ton dng thit k mch logic t hp, vi 5 bin ng

vo c t tn A, B, C, D, E v mt hm ng ra Y. Ng ra ny s ln

1 nu a s ng vo ln 1 hoc ngc li.

Vi dng mch ny, trc tin bn hy gi b chuyn i logic

(Logic Converter) t hp cng c Instruments.


104/117

Chn 5 ng vo bt k trn b chuyn i logic (Logic Converter)

tng ng vi 5 bin ng vo A, B, C, D, E. Mn hnh s hin ra nh

sau:

Click chut vo trng thi ng ra Y u tin trong bng trng thi

trn.

Ri tun t in cho tt c cc trng thi hin hu trong mch.


105/117

Sau click vo

Ta s thy hm logic ca mch in trn xut hin ca s mu

trng bn di b chuyn i logic. Nhng hm logic ny cha c

ti gin. hm c gn hn, tip tc click .


106/117


107/117

Mch logic trn s gn hn nu v li bng PAL (Programmable

Array Logic).

1/ Bi tp m rng:

Hy thit k mt mch n cu thang iu khin t 4 v tr c lp

nhau.

BI 6: MCH CHUYN I ADC-DAC

Thnh lp mch chuyn i tng t - s ri s - tng t. T

tm hiu mi lin quan gia hai th gii s v tng t.

1/ Bi gii:

Th no l mt my tng m k thut s, trung thc ca n l

thuc vo cc yu t g? Bi tp ny s gip cc bn c iu kin hiu

hn v nhng vn trn.


108/117

M chng trnh EWB 5.12 v thnh lp mch in sau (y l mt

v d c sn trong th mc COMPLEX cc bi v d mu)

Linh kin ch lc trong bi tp ny chnh l hai vi mch ADC v

DAC, chng c s chn nh sau:

Vi mch ADC c phn cc chuyn tn hiu tng t t u vo

Vin ( ly t ngun in p hnh sine sang tn hiu s 8 bit vi chn

nhn tn s ly mu SOC (Sampling Oscillation) ly t my pht xung.


109/117

Ngun Vref c

cp bng ngun

15VDC.

Vi mch cho php

d liu xut ra lin

tc nh chn OE

(Outputs Enable).

n bo gn vo

chn EOC bo hiuhon tt mt chu

k ly mu.

ADC c ni thng vi DAC. kim chng vic xut tn hiu

trn ADC ngi ta lp vo mch hai LED 7 on c gii m sn

hin th ni dung ca d liu s xut ra trn ADC.

DAC nhn tn hiu t ADC xut tn hiu ra OP-AMPS v vi mch

thut ton ny m tn hiu ra my dao ng k.


110/117

Sau khi lp xong mch in trn, cp ngun cho mch v quan sttrn dao ng k ta nhn thy:

- Khi chnh tn s ly mu (thay i tn s ca my pht sng) 1

KHz, sng dng in p ng ra (hin th trn dao ng k) nh sau:

Lu : ng l sng dng in p ng vo v ng xanh l

sng dng in p ng ra.

- Chnh tn s ly mu ln 3KHz, kt qu dng sng ng ra l:


111/117

- Khi chnh xung ch cn 500Hz, sng dng in p ng ra s:

Nh vy, bn c nhn xt g khi gia tng tn s ly mu ca ADC?

Tn s ny cng cao cng tt c phi khng? v c s chn la. Nu

bn ngh khng ra mi xem gii p Phn Ph lc.

1/ Bi tp m rng:

Hy thit k mt mch pht sng sine, rng ca, vung ... c tn s

pht xung chnh c trong mt khong rng v trn.


112/117

Gi : Bn c th dng My pht t phi hp vi DAC. Xem my

pht t nh mt EPROM: thay i ni dung trong my pht t thay

i dng sng.

BI 6: MCH CHUYN I ADC-DAC

Thnh lp mch chuyn i tng t - s ri s - tng t. T tm hiu mi lin quan gia hai th gii s v tng t.

1/ Bi gii:

Th no l mt my tng m k thut s, trung thc ca n l

thuc vo cc yu t g? Bi tp ny s gip cc bn c iu kin hiu

hn v nhng vn trn.

M chng trnh EWB 5.12 v thnh lp mch in sau (y l mt

v d c sn trong th mc COMPLEX cc bi v d mu)


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Ngun Vref c

cp bng ngun

15VDC.

Vi mch cho php

d liu xut ra lin

tc nh chn OE

(Outputs Enable).

n bo gn vo

chn EOC bo hiuhon tt mt chu

k ly mu.

ADC c ni thng vi DAC. kim chng vic xut tn hiu

trn ADC ngi ta lp vo mch hai LED 7 on c gii m sn

hin th ni dung ca d liu s xut ra trn ADC.

DAC nhn tn hiu t ADC xut tn hiu ra OP-AMPS v vi mch

thut ton ny m tn hiu ra my dao ng k.


115/117

Sau khi lp xong mch in trn, cp ngun cho mch v quan sttrn dao ng k ta nhn thy:

- Khi chnh tn s ly mu (thay i tn s ca my pht sng) 1

KHz, sng dng in p ng ra (hin th trn dao ng k) nh sau:

Lu : ng l sng dng in p ng vo v ng xanh l

sng dng in p ng ra.

- Chnh tn s ly mu ln 3KHz, kt qu dng sng ng ra l:


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117/117

Gi : Bn c th dng My pht t phi hp vi DAC. Xem my

pht t nh mt EPROM: thay i ni dung trong my pht t thay

i dng sng.

electronic workbench 5

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