electronic waste

• Electronic Waste

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-electronic-waste-toolkit.html

Personal computer - Electronic waste

1 The creation of an e-steward program created another option for

manufacturers and customers to dispose of their electronic waste

properly


Electronic waste

1 Informal processing of electronic waste in developing countries may cause serious health and pollution

problems, though these countries are also most likely to reuse and repair

electronics.


Electronic waste

1 Even in developed countries electronic waste recycling|recycling and disposal of e-waste may involve

significant risk to workers and communities and great care must be

taken to avoid unsafe exposure in recycling operations and leaking of

materials such as heavy metals from landfills and incinerator ashes


Electronic waste - Definitions

1 Electronic waste may be defined as discarded computers, office

electronic equipment, entertainment device electronics, mobile phones,

television sets and refrigerators



1 However, the list (and EWC) gives broad definition (EWC Code 16 02

13*) of Hazardous Electronic wastes, requiring waste operators to employ

the Hazardous Waste Regulations (Annex 1A, Annex 1B) for refined

definition



1 The high value of the computer recycling subset of electronic waste

(working and reusable laptops, desktops, and components like RAM)

can help pay the cost of transportation for a larger number of

worthless pieces than can be achieved with display devices, which have less (or negative) scrap value


Electronic waste - Amount of Electronic waste world-wide

1 Rapid changes in technology, changes in media (tapes, software, MP3), falling prices, and planned obsolescence have resulted in a

fast-growing surplus of electronic waste around the globe. Dave Kruch, CEO of Cash For Laptops, regards electronic waste as a

rapidly expanding issue. Technical solutions are available, but in most cases a legal

framework, a collection, logistics, and other services need to be implemented before a

technical solution can be applied.


Electronic waste - Amount of Electronic waste world-wide

1 The United States is the world leader in producing electronic waste,

tossing away about 3 million tons each year


Electronic waste - Global trade issues

1 Critics of trade in used electronics maintain that it is still too easy for

brokers calling themselves recyclers to export unscreened electronic

waste to developing countries, such as China, India and parts of Africa,

thus avoiding the expense of removing items like bad cathode ray

tubes (the processing of which is expensive and difficult)



1 Opponents of surplus electronics exports argue that lower environmental and labor

standards, cheap labor, and the relatively high value of recovered raw materials leads to a

transfer of pollution-generating activities, such as smelting of copper wire. In China, Malaysia,

India, Kenya, and various African countries, electronic waste is being sent to these

countries for processing, sometimes illegally. Many surplus laptops are routed to developing

nations as dumping grounds for e-waste. In



1 Because the United States has not ratified the Basel Convention or its

Basel Ban|Ban Amendment, and has few domestic federal laws forbidding the export of toxic waste, the Basel

Action Network estimates that about 80% of the electronic waste directed

to recycling in the U.S


Electronic waste - Electronic Waste Dump of the World: Guiyu, China

1 Guiyu Town|Guiyu in the Shantou region of China is a huge electronic waste processing

area


Electronic waste - Trade

1 Haiti is poor and closer to the Port of a New York and New Jersey|port of

New York than southeast Asia, but far more electronic waste is exported from New York to Asia than to Haiti


Electronic waste - Trade

1 In June 2008, a container of electronic waste, destined from the

Port of Oakland in the U.S. to Sanshui District in mainland China, was

intercepted in Hong Kong by Greenpeace. Concern over exports of electronic waste were raised in press reports in India, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire,

and Nigeria.


Electronic waste - Environmental Impact of Electronic Waste

1 Diagnostic health risk assessment of electronic waste on the general

population in developing countries’ scenarios


Electronic waste - Recycling

1 Part of this evolution has involved greater diversion of electronic waste from energy-intensive downcycling

processes (e.g., conventional recycling), where equipment is reverted to a raw material form


Electronic waste - Recycling

1 One of the major challenges is recycling the printed Circuit Boards from the electronic

wastes


Electronic waste - Consumer awareness efforts

1 *AddressTheMess.com is a Comedy Central pro-social campaign that

seeks to increase awareness of the dangers of electronic waste and to

encourage recycling


Electronic waste - Processing techniques

1 A typical example is the NADIN electronic waste processing plant in

Novi Iskar, Bulgaria—the largest facility of its kind in Eastern Europe


Electronic waste - Processing techniques

1 An ideal electronic waste recycling plant combines dismantling for

component recovery with increased cost-effective processing of bulk

electronic waste.


Electronic waste - Hazardous

1 Association between maternal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid

(PFOA) from electronic waste recycling and neonatal health

outcomes


California Electronic Waste Recycling Act

1 The 'Electronic Waste Recycling Act of 2003' (2003 Cal ALS 526) (EWRA) is a California law to reduce the use of certain hazardous substances in certain electronic products sold in the state. The act was signed into

law September 2003.


California Electronic Waste Recycling Act

1 The Act also requires retailers to collect an Electronic Waste Recycling Fee (effective January 1, 2005) from consumers who purchase covered

devices.


Environmental racism - Electronic Waste in Guiyu, China

1 Nearly 80 percent of children in the Electronic waste in Guiyu|E-waste

hub of Guiyu, China, suffer from lead poisoning, according to recent

reports.


Environmental racism - Electronic Waste in Guiyu, China

1 The citizens of Guiyu more than likely did not have significant political influence or the capital to stop

electronic waste coming into the area.


Electronic waste by country

1 'Electronic waste' has become a significant part of the waste stream.

Efforts are being made to recycle and reduce this waste.


Electronic waste by country - Asia

1 Many Asian countries have legislated, or will do so, for electronic waste recycling.


Electronic waste by country - China

1 In October 2008, The Chinese State Council also approved a “draft

regulation on the management of electronic waste.” This regulation is intended to promote the continued use of resources through recycling

and to monitor the end-of-life treatment of electronics


Electronic waste by country - Europe

1 Some European countries implemented laws prohibiting the

disposal of electronic waste in landfills in the 1990s. This created an

e-waste processing industry in Europe.”



1 The total amount of recycled electronic waste exceeds 10kg per capita per year.



1 Under the directive, each country recycles at least 4kg of electronic waste per capita per

year


Electronic waste by country - Canada

1 The Export and Import of Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Recyclable Material Regulations (EIHWHRMR)

operates with a few basic premises, one of which being that electronic waste is either intact or not intact


Electronic waste by country - Australia

1 The Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (now replaced by the

Environment Protection and Heritage Council (EPHC)) was the first body to

identify electrical and electronic waste as a concern


Waste in the United States - Electronic waste

1 The disposure of all this electronic waste has a detrimental effect on the

environment, as well as the global economy.


Consumer electronic - Electronic waste

1 However, large amounts of the produced electronic waste from

developed countries is exported, and handled by the informal sector in

countries like India, despite the fact that exporting electronic waste to

them is illegal


Air pollution in China - Electronic waste

1 There have been local successes, such as in the city of Tianjin where

38,000 tonnes were disposed of properly in 2010, but much electronic

waste is improperly handled.Mitch Moxley, E-Waste Hits China, Inter

Press Service, 2011 http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?

idnews=56572


Air pollution in China - Electronic waste

1 Guiyu (town)|Guiyu may have one of the world's largest electronic waste sites. The electronic waste in Guiyu

and recycling operations have created many jobs but also many

health and environmental problems.


For More Information, Visit:

• https://store.theartofservice.com/the-electronic-waste-toolkit.html

The Art of Servicehttps://store.theartofservice.com






electronic waste

Documents

electronic waste https

electronic waste definitions

electronic waste worldwide

unscreened electronic

waste operators

hazardous electronic

office electronic equipment

refrigerators https