Electronic Warfare

MCS 08

Maj JW PaulWinter 2004

Winter 2004 2

Gen Alfred M Grey, USMC

Intelligence without communications is irrelevant

Communications without intelligence is noise

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Electronic Warfare• Why

• What

• Mostly Definitions and Concepts

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Why study EW?• Subset of IO

Actions taken to affect adversary information and information systems while defending one's own information and information systems

note - media ops not part of info ops in Canada

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Information Warfare• Any action taken to deny, exploit,

corrupt or destroy the enemy’s information and its functions; protecting ourselves against those actions; and exploiting our own military information functions

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What is EW?• The direct application of IO

• EM spectrum is becoming an integral part of warfare

If you can’t communicate, you’re dead

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Electronic Warfare• Military action taken to exploit the

EM spectrum which encompasses the interception and identification of EM emissions, the employment of EM energy to reduce or prevent hostile use of the EM spectrum, and actions taken to ensure its effective use by friendly forces.

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Technical Stuff• Spectrum classification communications vs EW

600 MHz = UHF = L band = C band

• Transmissivity

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newer goal is to reduce opponent’s SA

Traditional EW• Goal is spectrum superiority• direction finding (DF) will find • jamming will strike• intercept will provide information• false nets will deceive• integrate EW into all ops, deep, close

and rear.

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EW

ECM ESM EPM

ER

SIGINT

COMINTELINT

Divisions of EW

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ECM Electronic Countermeasures

• Also known as EA - Electronic Attack

That division of EW involving actions taken to prevent or reduce and enemy’s effective use of the EM spectrum, through the use of EM energy

Examples

JammingDeceptionNeutralization

Categories

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EPM Electronic Protective Measures

• Also known as EP - Electronic Protection

That division of EW involving actions taken to ensure friendly effective use of the EM spectrum, despite the enemy’s use of EM energy

Examples

frequencyantenna/receiverprocessorSOPs

Categories

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ESM Electronic Support Measures

• Also known as ES - Electronic Support That division of EW involving actions taken to

search for, intercept and identify EM emissions, and locate their sources for the purpose of immediate threat recognition

Examplessearchinterceptdirection findinganalysis

Categories

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ER Electronic Reconnaissance

• Part of ESM ER involves the detection, identification,

evaluation and location of foreign EM radiations emanating from other than nuclear detonation or radioactive sources

Same as ESM?

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ER & ESM• Gather knowledge of the enemy’s

use of the EM spectrum

• ER is usually strategic• ESM is usually tactical

IMMEDIATE

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ER

SIGINT

COMINTELINT

signals intelligenceDevelop equipment, tactics,doctrine, wpn systems, etcDetermine enemy electronic OB

communication intelligenceWhat are they saying?

electronic intelligenceHow are they saying it?

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Role of EW Organizations• provide immediate threat wng• to provide tac SIGINT in sp of current ops and

future planning• provide target locations• provide ECM (now also called Electronic Attack

– EA) support to unit or fmn ops• provide advice to decrease friendly

vulnerabilities (ECCM or Electronic Protection - EP)

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Divisions of EW• Military action taken to exploit the

EM spectrum which encompasses the interception and identification of EM emissions, the employment of EM energy to reduce or prevent hostile use of the EM spectrum, and actions taken to ensure its effective use by friendly forces.

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ELECTRONIC WARFAREEW

OFFENSIVE DEFENSIVE

ECCM or EP

technical and procedural meansto protect fr forces from exploitation

ESM or ES ECM or EA

SEARCHINTERCEPT

DIRECTION FINDINGANALYSIS

JAMMINGDECEPTION

Low Probability of Intercept LPIAdaptive Nulling

Spectrum Emission Control MeasuresEncryption

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FrequencyAntennaReceiver

Processor

EW

ECM ESM EPM

JammingDeception

Neutralization

ER

SIGINT

COMINTELINT

STRATEGIC

TACTICAL

Divisions of EW

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EW Loop OperationalPlan

Database Action

SIGINTTasks

ESMTasks

SEARCH

LOCATE INTERCEPT

ANALYZE

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Review• Why do we study EW?

• What is the difference between Army and Air Force EW?

• What are the three purposes of EW?

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Questions?