electronic testing devices for ultrasound quality control · 2011. 8. 2. · sonora medical...
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Electronic Testing Devices for Ultrasound Quality Control
US Hands-On Workshop
Evan J. Boote, Ph.D.University of Missouri-Columbia
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Powis and MooreThe Silent Revolution: Catching up with the
contemporary composite transducerJDMS 2004
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Electronic Testing of US
• Basic approaches to Electronic US system tests
• Approach #1 - treat the scanner/transducers as a total system for which a failure/degradation source must be determined
• Image Display is used to assess performance of total system qualitatively
• Approach #2 - assume that the scanner components are essentially “computers” that do not fail/degrade - transducers are the principle “point of failure” that require extensive and thorough testing
• Separate the transducer from the system and test it
• “Quantitative report” on performance of probe
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?
Approach #1 (total system)basic system performance
initial diagnosis
Approach #2 (Tx separate)higher level diagnostics - Tx only
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Example of horizontal non-Uniformity
Example of vertical non-Uniformity
Sometimes, the physics of beamforming cause some drop off at
the edges of an array.
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• Approach #1 possible devices
• Unisyn (Sonora) Nickel
• Electronic Doppler Phantoms (Tx involved?)
• Evans et al (1989)
• Hoeks, et al (1997)
• Internal Test Programs
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Evans, Price and Luhana, A novel testing device for Doppler ultrasound equipment, Phys Med Biol 34:1701 (1989)Hoeks, Boulanger and Brands, Test signal injection for Doppler systems, Eur J Ultrasound 6:203 (1997)
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• Nickel (Unisyn Medical Technologies)
• battery powered
• PVDF transducer detects acoustic pulse from individual elements and provides LED indication
• “responds” with a simulated echo back to the same element
• Test is accomplished by moving the device along the transducer face
• May also be used for PW and CF Doppler
• No quantification/specification of performance - visual inspection only and triage of probes
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Phased array probeall element response displayed
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Leicester Doppler Phantom
Gittins and Martin, The Leicester Doppler phantom, Ultrasound Med & Biol 36:647 (2010)
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• Philips IU-22
• “channel walk”
• also have board level tests
• used to perform other system checks
• Intended primary for service engineers to identify problems and replace components
• can be used in place of the Nickel device
Internal System testing
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FirstCall aPerioSonora (now Unisyn Medical
Technologies)
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Electronic Test Approach #2
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1) Reflector(s) placed in water tank2) USB connection of main unit to computer3)adapter placed on unit to fit various OEM probe connectors
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Transducer Evaluation Report
Sonora Medical Systems, Inc. 2021 Miller Drive Longmont, CO 80501
Voice: (303) 682-5871 FAX: (303) 682-5915
Test ID: 5 Page 1 of 3
Operator: Lisa Kile 1/20/2005 11:22 AM
Manufacturer: Acuson Customer: Radiology Contact: Carmen Mann
Probe Model: Sequoia_8V5 Address: Imaging Center
Serial Number: 44065009 City: State: Zip Code:
Test Date: 1/20/2005 11:22 AM Phone Number:
Test ID: 5 Operator: Lisa Kile Fax Number:
Purpose: Test Type DX/Comments: CE#15216<LF>New 1/20/05
Sensitivity
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101 111 121
Elements
Vol
ts p
-p
Mean: 1.017 Max: 1.020 Min: 0.928 Std Dev: 0.013 Gain: 30 dB
Capacitance
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101 111 121Elements
Capa
cita
nce
(pF)
Mean: 282.297 Max: 289.346 Min: 274.773 Std Dev: 2.966
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Transducer Evaluation Report Page 2 of 3
Sonora Medical Systems, Inc. 2021 Miller Drive Longmont, CO 80501
Voice: (303) 682-5871 FAX: (303) 682-5915
Test ID: 5 Page 2 of 3
Operator: Lisa Kile 1/20/2005 11:22 AM
20dB Pulse Width
050
100150200250300350400450
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101 111 121Elements
Puls
e W
idth
(ns)
Mean: 254.747 Max: 392.479 Min: 240.569 Std Dev: 18.627
Center Frequency
0123456789
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101 111 121Elements
Freq
uenc
y (M
Hz)
Mean: 7.670 Max: 7.967 Min: 5.284 Std Dev: 0.246
Fractional Bandwidth
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101 111 121
Elements
Mean: 0.625 Max: 1.932 Min: 0.474 Std Dev: 0.124
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Transducer Evaluation Report Page 3 of 3
Sonora Medical Systems, Inc. 2021 Miller Drive Longmont, CO 80501
Voice: (303) 682-5871 FAX: (303) 682-5915
Test ID: 5 Page 3 of 3
Operator: Lisa Kile 1/20/2005 11:22 AM
First Element Number: 32
Pulse Waveform 1
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0 1 2 3 4 5Time (µs)
Vol
ts
Frequency Spectrum 1
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10Frequency (MHz)
Mag
nitu
de (d
B)
Middle Element Number: 64
Pulse Waveform 2
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0 1 2 3 4 5Time (µs)
Vol
ts
Frequency Spectrum 2
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10Frequency (MHz)
Mag
nitu
de (d
B)
Last Element Number: 96
Pulse Waveform 3
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0 1 2 3 4 5Time (µs)
Vol
ts
Frequency Spectrum 3
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10Frequency (MHz)
Mag
nitu
de (d
B)
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Signal dropout corresponds to lost elements
(image reversed to show correlation to element dropout)
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Signal dropout corresponds to lost elements
(image reversed to show correlation to element dropout)
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Summary
• Ultrasound Systems are complex with a number of components (some treated as a “black box”)
• The most external and exposed component (transducers) are most subject to damage from use and probably deserve most attention
• The cost of extensive testing is higher in equipment and effort / time
• Simpler e-test approaches do not separate out Tx
• When to recommendation repair?!?
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