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Electronic Biomedical monitoring systemArpit, Aman gahoi, Neeraj prasher, Mohit garia

Under guidance of Mr. Chandika Mohan Babu

School of Electronics and Communication, lpu

Abstract:-Biomedical instruments refer to avery broad class of devices and systems. A

biomedical instrument is an ECG machine to many

people. To others, its a chemical biosensor, and to

some its a medical imaging system. Current

estimates place the worldwide market for biomedical

instruments at over $200 billion. Biomedical

instruments are ubiquitous; they are significant to the

broader technology and biotechnology sectors; and,

finally, they are vital to many medical and scientific

fields. The main aim of this project is to makebiomedical devices wearable.

I.

Blood Pressure:-

Blood pressure (BP), sometimes referred to as arterial

blood pressure, is the pressure exerted by circulating

blood upon the walls of blood vessels, and is one of

the principal vital signs. When used without further

specification, "blood pressure" usually refers to the

arterial pressure of the systemic circulation, usually

measured at a person's upper arm. A persons blood

pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic

pressure over diastolic pressure and is measured in

millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Normal restingblood pressure for an adult is approximately 120/80

mm Hg.

Blood pressure varies depending on situation,

activity, and disease states, and is regulated by the

nervous and endocrine systems. Blood pressure that

is pathologically low is called hypotension, and

pressure that is pathologically high is hypertension.

Both have many causes and can range from mild to

severe, with both acute and chronic forms. Chronic

hypertension is a risk factor for many complications,

including peripheral vascular disease, heart attack,

and stroke. Hypertension is generally more common,

also due to the demands of modern lifestyles.

Hypertension and hypotension go often undetected

because of infrequent monitoring.

Blood pressure is measured with 2 numbers. An

example is shown below.

Blood pressure lower than or equal to

120/80 is ideal.

For people with diabetes or kidney disease,

blood pressure lower than 130/80 is good.

Lower than 120/80 is ideal.

II.

Heart rate:-

Heart rate, or heart pulse, is the speed of the heartbeat

measured by the number of heartbeats per unit of

time typically beats per minute (bpm). The heart

rate can vary according to the body's physical needs,

including the need to absorb oxygen and excrete

carbon dioxide. Activities that can provoke change

include physical exercise, sleep, anxiety, stress,

illness, ingesting, and drugs.

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The normal resting adult human heart rate ranges

from 60100 bpm. Bradycardia is a slow heart rate,

defined as below 60 bpm. Tachycardia is a fast heart

rate, defined as above 100 bpm at rest. When the

heart is not beating in a regular pattern, this is

referred to as an arrhythmia. These abnormalities of

heart rate sometimes indicate disease.

Fig.1 IR Sensor

Fig.2 Circuit Diagram of Heart Rate

III. Body Temperature:-

Normal human body temperature, also known as

normothermia, depends upon the place in the body at

which the measurement is made, the time of day, as

well as the activity level of the person. Different parts

of the body have different temperatures. Rectal and

vaginal measurements, or measurements taken

directly inside the body cavity, are typically slightly

higher than oral measurements, and oral

measurements are somewhat higher than skintemperature. The commonly accepted average core

body temperature (taken internally) is 37.0 C (98.6

F). The typical oral (under the tongue) measurement

is slightly cooler, at 36.8 0.4 C (98.2 0.7 F),

and temperatures taken in other places (such as under

the arm or in the ear) produce different typical

numbers. Although some people think of these

averages as representing the normal or ideal

temperature, a wide range of temperatures has been

found in healthy people.

The body temperature of a healthy person varies

during the day by about 0.5 C (0.9 F) with lower

temperatures in the morning and higher temperatures

in the late afternoon and evening, as the body's needs

and activities change. Other circumstances also affectthe body's temperature. The body temperature also

changes when a person is hungry, sleepy, or cold.

Fig:-Body temperature sensing circuit.

IV. References:-

i. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_eng

ineering.

ii.

http://www.ne.anl.gov/capabilities/sinde/hig

hlights/biomedical_apps.html.

iii. http://www.webmd.com/heart-

disease/features/5-heart-rate-myths-debunked.

iv.

http://www.cnet.com/news/intels-basis-

peak-fitness-watch-now-streams-heart-rate-

to-other-apps-will-get-call-notifications.

v.

http://www.ge-

mcs.com/en/temperature.html.

vi.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&

arnumber=6717956&url=http%3A%2F%2F

ieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp

%3Farnumber%3D6717956.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_engineeringhttp://www.ne.anl.gov/capabilities/sinde/highlights/biomedical_apps.htmlhttp://www.ne.anl.gov/capabilities/sinde/highlights/biomedical_apps.htmlhttp://www.ne.anl.gov/capabilities/sinde/highlights/biomedical_apps.htmlhttp://www.ne.anl.gov/capabilities/sinde/highlights/biomedical_apps.htmlhttp://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/features/5-heart-rate-myths-debunkedhttp://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/features/5-heart-rate-myths-debunkedhttp://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/features/5-heart-rate-myths-debunkedhttp://www.cnet.com/news/intels-basis-peak-fitness-watch-now-streams-heart-rate-to-other-apps-will-get-call-notifications/http://www.cnet.com/news/intels-basis-peak-fitness-watch-now-streams-heart-rate-to-other-apps-will-get-call-notifications/http://www.cnet.com/news/intels-basis-peak-fitness-watch-now-streams-heart-rate-to-other-apps-will-get-call-notifications/http://www.cnet.com/news/intels-basis-peak-fitness-watch-now-streams-heart-rate-to-other-apps-will-get-call-notifications/http://www.cnet.com/news/intels-basis-peak-fitness-watch-now-streams-heart-rate-to-other-apps-will-get-call-notifications/http://www.ge-mcs.com/en/temperature.htmlhttp://www.ge-mcs.com/en/temperature.htmlhttp://www.ge-mcs.com/en/temperature.htmlhttp://www.ge-mcs.com/en/temperature.htmlhttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6717956&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D6717956http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6717956&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D6717956http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6717956&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D6717956http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6717956&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D6717956http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6717956&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D6717956http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6717956&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D6717956http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6717956&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D6717956http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6717956&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D6717956http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6717956&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D6717956http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6717956&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D6717956http://www.ge-mcs.com/en/temperature.htmlhttp://www.ge-mcs.com/en/temperature.htmlhttp://www.cnet.com/news/intels-basis-peak-fitness-watch-now-streams-heart-rate-to-other-apps-will-get-call-notifications/http://www.cnet.com/news/intels-basis-peak-fitness-watch-now-streams-heart-rate-to-other-apps-will-get-call-notifications/http://www.cnet.com/news/intels-basis-peak-fitness-watch-now-streams-heart-rate-to-other-apps-will-get-call-notifications/http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/features/5-heart-rate-myths-debunkedhttp://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/features/5-heart-rate-myths-debunkedhttp://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/features/5-heart-rate-myths-debunkedhttp://www.ne.anl.gov/capabilities/sinde/highlights/biomedical_apps.htmlhttp://www.ne.anl.gov/capabilities/sinde/highlights/biomedical_apps.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_engineering