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Electron Holography Proceedings of the International Workshop on
Electron Holography, Holiday Inn World's Fair, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, August 29 - 31,1994
Edited by
A. Tonomura Exploratory Researchfor Advanced Technology (ERATO)
Research Development Corporation of Japan (JRDC) and Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Saitama, Japan
L.F. Allard Oak Ridge National Laboratory
OakRidge, Tennessee, USA
G. Pozzi Department of Physics, University of Bologna
Bologna, Italy
D.C. Joy EM Facility, University of Tennessee
Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
Y.A. Ono Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO)
Research Development Corporation of Japan (JRDC) and Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Saitama, Japan
1995
ELSEVIER Amsterdam - Lausanne - New York - Oxford - Shannon - Tokyo
TABLE OF CONTENTS
IX
Preface v Photo vii Committees viii
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRON HOLOGRAPHY
Progress in holographic interference electron microscopy A. Tonomura 1
Electron holography: State and experimental steps towards 0.1 nm with the СМЗО-Special Tübingen
H.Lichte 11
HOLOGRAPHIC INTERFERENCE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY - TECHNIQUES-
Digital recording and processing of electron off-axis holography G. Ade 33
Observation of atomic surface potential by electron holography T. Tanji and K. Ishizuka 45
Phase-shifting techniques in electron holography Q. Ru 55
Holographic reconstruction methods M. Lehmann and H. Lichte 69
Real-time electron holography using a liquid-crystal panel J. Chen, T. Hirayama, G. Lai, T. Tanji, K. Ishizuka and A. Tonomura 81
Electron holographic computed tomography G. Lai, T. Hirayama, A. Fukuhara, K. Ishizuka, T. Tanji and A. Tonomura 93
Practical electron holography: Applications of advanced hologram processing techniques to materials science problems
E. Völkl, L.F. Allard and B. Frost 103
X Contents
Retrieval of atomic displacements from reconstructed electron waves as an ill-posed inverse problem
K. Scheerschmidt and F. Knoll 117
HOLOGRAPHIC INTERFERENCE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY - APPLICATIONS -
Interference- and Lorentz-image simulations of vortices in superconductors
G. Pozzi, J. E. Bonevich, K. Harada, H. Kasai, T. Matsuda, T. Yoshida and A. Tonomura 125
Magnetic field observation of vortices in superconductors by electron holography
J. E. Bonevich, K. Harada, H. Kasai, T. Matsuda, T. Yoshida, G. Pozzi and A. Tonomura 135
Holographic studies on magnetic phenomena in small regions T. Hirayama, J. Chen, Q. Ru, K. Ishizuka, T. Tanji and A. Tonomura 145
Electron holography of magnetic and electric microfields G. Matteucci, M. Muccini and D. Cavalcoli 159
Holography of electrostatic fields B.G. Frost, L.F. Allard, E. Völkl and D.C. Joy 169
Quantitative applications of off-axis electron holography DJ. Smith, W.J. de Ruijter, M. Gajdardziska-Josifovska, M.R. McCartney and J.K. Weiss 181
Electron holography of p-n junctions M.R. McCartney, B. Frost, R. Hull, M.R. Scheinfein, DJ. Smith and E. Voelkl 189
Electron holography of heterogeneous catalysts A.K. Datye, D.S. Kalakkad, E. Völkl and L.F. Allard 199
Electron holography in materials science X. Lin, V. Ravikumar, R.P. Rodrigues, N. Wilcox and V. P. Dravid 209
Contents xi
Electron holography applied to the study of fullerene materials L.F. Allard, E. Völkl, S. Subramoney and R.S. Ruoff 219
Transmission electron holography of polymer microstructure M. Libera, J. Ott and Y.C. Wang 231
Electron holographic observation of thin biological filaments K. Aoyama, G. Lai and Q. Ru 239
Fraunhofer in-line electron holography of small weak-phase objects T. Matsumoto, T. Tanji and A. Tonomura 249
NEW TYPES OF ELECTRON HOLOGRAPHY
State of the art of low-energy electron holography H.-W. Fink, H J. Kreuzer and H. Schmid 257
On the reconstruction of low voltage point projection holograms J.C.H. Spence, X. Zhang and W. Qian 267
Coherent electron diffraction and holography J.W. Steeds, P.A. Midgley, P. Spellward and R. Vincent 277
Modeling of convergent beam interferometry R.A. Herring and G. Pozzi 287
Interpreting the reconstructed object waves D. Van Dyck and M. Op de Beeck 297
Focal series wave function reconstruction in HRTEM M. Op de Beeck, D. Van Dyck and W. Coene 307
High-resolution tilted single-sideband holography K. Ishizuka 317
STEM holography of magnetic materials M. Mankos, P. de Haan, V. Kambersky, G. Matteucci, M.R. McCartney, Z. Yang, M.R. Scheinfein and J.M. Cowley 329
Amplitude-division electron holography Q. Ru 343
xii Contents
CLOSING ADDRESS
Concluding remarks
D.C. Joy 355
List of participants 357
Author index 367