electron configuration. quantum number number that specifies the properties of the atomic orbitals...
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Electron ConfigurationElectron Configuration
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Quantum NumberQuantum Number
Number that specifies the properties of the atomic orbitals
Tells us the distance from the nucleus and the shape of the orbital
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Principal Quantum NumberPrincipal Quantum Number
Main level or shellThese are the Bohr energy levels
n = 1, n = 2, n = 3As n increases, the distance from the
nucleus increases
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SublevelSublevel
Each main level is divided into sublevelsFour types of sublevels
s
p
d
f
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Spherical
S orbitalsS orbitals
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P orbitalsP orbitals
Dumbell shapedOne dumbell in each axis
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P OrbitalsP Orbitals
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D orbitalsD orbitals
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F orbitalsF orbitals
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OrbitalOrbital
Each sublevel is made of orbitalsEvery orbital can hold 2 electrons
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s – 1 orbital – 2 electrons p – 3 orbitals – 6 electrons d – 5 orbitals – 10 electrons f – 7 orbitals – 14 electrons
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Main Level
Sublevel # orbitals
# e in sublevel
Total e
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Electron ConfigurationElectron Configuration
Arrangement of electrons in an atomAufbau Principle – electrons fill into an
atom starting with the lowest energy levels
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Electron Configuration PolkaElectron Configuration Polka
F:\Documents\electron configuration.avi
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Electron SpinElectron Spin
Way which the electrons rotate on their axisPauli Exclusion Principle – in order for two
electrons to occupy the same orbital, they must have opposite spin
Write configuration for
C
S
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Higher OrderHigher Order
There are exceptions to the order of filling as you move to higher levels
Br
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Valence ElectronsValence Electrons
Electrons in the last main energy levelThese are the electrons involved in
chemical reactionsThere are a maximum of 8 valence
electrons
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How to find valence eHow to find valence e--
Write configuration and count electrons in last main energy level
Examples: Find valence electrons for
C
Fe
Cl
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Draw Dot StructureDraw Dot Structure
C
Fe
Cl
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Periodic TablePeriodic Table
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Demitri MendeleevDemitri Mendeleev
First to publish a chart of the elementsArranged by increasing atomic mass with
similar elements in columns
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Moseley’s TableMoseley’s Table
He suggested that the elements are arranged by atomic number rather than atomic mass
Periodic Law – chemical and physical properties are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
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Table PropertiesTable Properties
Horizontal Rows are called PeriodsVertical Columns are called Groups or
FamiliesFor every group or family, the electron
arrangement is the same
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Configuration from the TableConfiguration from the Table
Group tells end configuration, period tells tells the highest energy level
Ca in group 2 period 4 so it ends in 4s2
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BlocksBlocks
Chart is broken into blocks based on the orbitals they fill last
Groups 1 and 2 fill s last – called s blockGroups 3 –12 called d blockGroups 13 – 18 called p blockBottom two rows are the f block
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Name the element with the Name the element with the following end configurationfollowing end configuration
5s1
2s22p3
4s23d6
3s23p6
6s25d9
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http://modelscience.com/PeriodicTable.html