electromobility - uwa...2012 audi e-tron more … photos: nissan, mitsubishi, bmw, tesla . uwa...

Electromobility

Professor Thomas Bräunl The University of Western Australia

UWA Robotics&Automation

Bräunl 2012 2

1. EV History

Photos: Wikipedia, ASBE, Belgium

1885 Benz Patent Motorwagen petrol

1900 Lohner-Porsche, wheel-hub motors

1910 Bailey/Edison EV 1000miles endurance drive, 160km per charge

1882 Siemens Electric Trolley Bus


Bräunl 2012 3

EV History

Photos: Wikipedia, UWA, Synergy, NASA

1960s UWA-EE, Leary, Norgard

1970s Western Power, Australia 1972 Apollo 17, NASA

1922-27 Bergmann Postal Van


Bräunl 2012 4

The previous wave of electric cars

Bräunl 2010 4 Photos: GM, Sony PIctures

CARB Conspiracy Oil GM

1996-99 General Motors EV1


Bräunl 2010 5

What can I buy today?

5 Photos: BMW, Tesla, Mitsubishi , Nissan

2009 Tesla Roadster (Lotus Elise)

2010 Mitsubishi iMiEV 2011 Nissan Leaf

2009 BMW E-Mini AU$ 200,000

AU$ 48,800 AU$ 51,500

AU$930/month ≈ AU$50,000


Bräunl 2010 6

What can I buy tomorrow? 2013 Volkswagen:

Up, Golf, Jetta e-motion 2013 BMW

Efficient Dynamics 2012 Audi

e-tron More …

Bräunl 2010 6 Photos: Nissan, Mitsubishi, BMW, Tesla


Bräunl 2012 7

Battery Electric Vehicles (EV) Advantages • Completely emission free if charged from

renewable energy sources • Very cheap running cost

(<0.2kWh/km ≈ 3cent/km) • Much reduced servicing cost • Can be charged from home

(and with home-generated energy: PV, wind)

Disadvantages • Higher purchase price (initially) • Limited range in combination with • Long charging time


Bräunl 2012 8

EV Components Motor

• Gear Box

Batteries • Battery Manag. Unit BMS

Controller • Pot

Mains AC Charger DC-DC Converter (12V) Brake-Assist Vacuum Pump Electric Power Steering Heating AirCon Safety Systems

• Contactor • Emergency switch • Charge cable detection • Inertia switch

Motor Controller Battery Pack 144V

Accel. Pedal


Bräunl 2012 9

EV Technology

Source: Rohan Mathew, REV


Bräunl 2012 10

EV Technology



Bräunl 2012 11

EV Technology



Bräunl 2012 12

EV Instrumentation


Fuel gauge actuation EyeBot M6


Bräunl 2012 13

2008 REV Eco


Bräunl 2012 14

2009 REV Racer


Bräunl 2012 15

2010 REV SAE E-Motorsport SAE introduced “Hybrid

League” in 2008, EVs may compete in their first year

“Formula Student” annually at Hockenheim F1-circuit

Sponsors …


16

EV Charging

Photos: ASBE, Belgium, Elektromotive, Coulomb Tech

Level 2 (7.7-11kW) Medium-fast charging in parking lots and shopping centres

Level 1 (2.4kW) Slow charging at home

Level 3 (50kw) Fast charging at service stations

Bräunl/Harries/Mullan/Whitely 2011


Bräunl 2012 17

EV Charging Standards

Photos: Yazaki, RWE

US and Japan SAE J1772-2009 Connector: Yazaki Single Phase, 120-240V, max 70A, 16.8kW Communication channels

Europe IEC 62196-2-X Connector: Mennekes Three Phase, 230/690V, max 63A, 43kW Vehicle-to-grid support Communication channels, interlocking, safety

Australia No standard yet Which ? When ??


18

PV Power Generation

206 kWh/month ≈ 1,178 km/month ≈ 40 km/day Average distance driven in Perth ≈ 39 km/day Annual petrol cost 9l/100km, $1.519 /l ≈ $2’000 Power cost w/o PV $0.10 night, ($0.20 day) ≈ $250

Bräunl/Harries/Mullan/Whitely 2011 Source driving distance: Australian Bureau of Statistics

1.5 kW Photovoltaic System (“Ideal House” data April 2010)


Bräunl 2011 19

2010-12 WA Electric Vehicle Trial

How will EVs cope in a standard fleet environment? Roadside Assistance? Service? Conversions performed by EV Works, in coop. with UWA 11 Participants from government and industry fleets Base car: Ford Focus UWA involvement

Consulting on prototype Black box data logging Study, accompanying trial


Bräunl 2012 20

2010-13 ARC Charging Project Analysis and modeling of driving patterns for limited-

range electric vehicles (ARC Linkage Research Project) Where and when will EVs be recharged? How do changes in tariff structure affect charging

behaviour? Predictions on required charging stations,

grid capacity, energy requirements for larger numbers of EVs in the future

Only use of green energy Providing first infrastructure to

facilitate future uptake of electric cars

Photo: Elektromotive


Bräunl 2012 21

Electricity Grid (1) Evening-Charging Energy Predictions (Jon Mullan)

Top line is for 900,000 vehicles – significantly higher peak Diagram: Jon Mullan


Bräunl 2012 22

Electricity Grid (2) Nighttime-Charging Energy Predictions (Jon Mullan)

Top line is for 900,000 vehicles – can sustain all 1.8M cars in WA Diagram: Jon Mullan


Bräunl 2012 23

2013-16 Electric Highway

Diagram: Jon Mullan

electromobility - uwa...2012 audi e-tron more … photos: nissan, mitsubishi, bmw, tesla . uwa...

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