electromagnetic spectrum bohr’s model of the atom
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
Bohr’s Model of the Atom
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Electromagnetic Spectrum: different types of energy that travel in waves
•the wave pattern is made of electric and magnetic fields that can travel through empty space
•ex: UV rays, microwaves, visible light
•type of energy depends on frequency & wavelength
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• frequency = how often a wave repeats itself in 1s represented by , measured in Hz
• wavelength = distance between 2 crests or 2 troughs– represented by (Greek symbol lamda), measured in meters– wavelength of visible light is usually measured in nanometers (nm) =
10-9 m
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How are and related?
• the shorter the , the higher the (the more the wave contains)
• the longer the , the lower the (the less the wave carries)
• longer are safe for humans, short can be harmful– this is why radio waves are safe but X-rays are not
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Visible Light
Low Energy
High Energy
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• continuous spectrum : a spectrum in which all the wavelengths of light are represented in an uninterrupted sequence
• ex: white light, which is real light that we see
• it’s a bunch of colours smeared together
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• line spectrum = distinct colour lines rather than white light, unique to each element
• aka discontinuous spectrum• each of the bands represents one jump
of an electron
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Why??
• each element gives off their own distinct bands of colour– the bands appear in the sections that correspond
to various elements
Hydrogen
Carbon
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The Bohr Model of the Atom
•Electrons travel in orbits
•Orbits are at fixed distances
•Electrons will continue on their path until told to do otherwise. (Energy)
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Elements and their Colours
•e– can become excited and can “jump” to a higher shell•when the E is removed, the excited e– “falls” back down to its ground state and releases its E in the form of light
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• spectroscope = instrument that separates light into its component bands of colour
• uses a prism or a diffraction grating• we use them to identify elements contained in
a substance (ex: stars)• we can also tell if a body in space is moving
towards us or moving away