electromagnetic interference associated with cellular phone usage on a commercial aircraft

8/9/2019 Electromagnetic Interference Associated With Cellular Phone Usage on a Commercial Aircraft

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IEEE MAGNETICS LETTERS, Dr. Stephanie Claussen Page 3 !" #

S ( )=15I

0

2

R2 [(cos( l cos ( ))cos( l))/sin ( )]

2

-.

E7uati!n -.


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IEEE MAGNETICS LETTERS, Dr. Stephanie Claussen Page !" #

!nl) "ilter a$ting !n the re$ei/e& signal. Sin$e all a/i!ni$

$!%%uni$ati!n is all!$ate& t! the "re7uen$ies +et'een #8

an& 3F M1, p!st pr!$essing +an&pass " ilters $an +e use& t!

"ilter !ut the rest !" the n!ise "r!% the intera$ting signals.

E/en i" the '!rst p!ssi+le $ase 'ere t! happen, the %a?!rit)

!" the signal 'ill +e "iltere& +e$ause the "re7uen$) !" the $ell

ph!ne -8## M1 %u$h greater than the "re7uen$) !" the

a/i!ni$ $!%%uni$ati!n. 2igure 8 in the appen&i: sh!'s thesa%e signal re$ei/e& +) the antenna as is in 2igure F, +ut 'ith

the p!st pr!$essing "ilter applie&. N!ti$e that the n!ise "r!%

the $ell ph!nes is $!%pletel) %itigate&. 2r!% 2igure 8, it is

$lear that the te$hn!l!g) is in pla$e t! a/!i& %!st

ele$tr!%agneti$ inter"eren$e that $!ul& arise "r!% the use !"

$ell ph!nes !n air$ra"t.

A Disc!ssion

ne issue that re%ains is the $urrent stan&ar& "!r $ell

ph!ne t!'ers ar!un& the '!rl&. Cell ph!ne t!'ers !n the

gr!un& are $urrentl) set up in a he:ag!nal gri& !" $ells, 'here

n!na&?a$ent $ells !"ten share the sa%e "re7uen$ies ;Heith

. 2igure 4 sh!'s an e:a%ple !" t'! gri&s that %a)

p!ssi+l) ha/e the sa%e "re7uen$ies.

This is n!t a pr!+le% 'hen $ell ph!nes are !n the gr!un&

+e$ause, +) line !" sight, the signals $ann!t rea$h the !ther

t!'er. 1!'e/er, 'hen a plane "lies !/er these t!'ers, a $ell

ph!ne %a) +e a+le t! $!nne$t t! %ultiple t!'ers at !n$e,

'hi$h $auses a $r!'&ing !" the $ell t!'ers. T)pi$al gri&s $ells,

'hi$h %easure ar!un& De$.


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IEEE MAGNETICS LETTERS, Dr. Stephanie Claussen Page = !" #


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IEEE MAGNETICS LETTERS, Dr. Stephanie Claussen Page 6 !" #

0I. APPENDI

A "ig!res

-0.015 -0.01 -0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0.0150

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4 E(w) of added signals

Frequency

|E(w)|

2ig. 3 2re7uen$) resp!nse !" the intera$ti!n !" the $ell ph!ne an&0R gr!un& signal

-0.015 -0.01 -0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0.0150

0.1

0.2

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1

Frequency [MHz]

Magnitude

Antenna Bandpass Filter

"ig 4# Appro$imate %andpass "ilter

-0.015 -0.01 -0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0.0150

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4 Frequency Response of the Signal Recieved by Antenna

Frequency

|E(w)|

2ig. = 2re7uen$) resp!nse !" signal re$ei/e& +) the antenna a"ter$!n/!luti!n !" the intera$te& signal an& the antenna +an&pass "ilter

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6Comparison of Signal after Filtering by Antenna

Time [microseconds]

|E|[V/m]

Original Signal from VOR

Reconstructed Signal

2ig. 8 !rst $ase s$enari! signal inter"eren$e 'ith p!st pr!$essing+an&pass "ilter.


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IEEE MAGNETICS LETTERS, Dr. Stephanie Claussen Page F !" #

% MA&'A% Code


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close all%% Finding signal magnitudes % Maximum Cell phone signal Fc = 800; %in MHz G_c = -3; %in d! Maximum gain o"t#pical cell phone G_c$ = 0&'G_c(0); %con*e+t "+om d to standa+d

d_c = 0; %in m! ,istance "+om antenna t_c = $; %in .! po/e+ t+ansmitted _c0 = G_c$1t_c(2(pi(d_c&$; %in .(m&$! 4uals po/e+densit# at distance! _c0max = s4+t'_c01355); %in 6(m at distance d "+omsou+ce H_c0max = s4+t'_c0(355); %in 7(m at distance d "+omsou+ce

% o+mal use cell phone signal

G_ct#p = -3; %in d! Maximum gain o"t#pical cell phone G_ct#p$ = 0&'G_ct#p(0);

d_ct#p = 0; t_ct#p = 0!$; _ct#p0 = G_ct#p$1t_ct#p(2(pi(d_ct#p&$; _ct#p0 = s4+t'_ct#p01355); H_ct#p0 = s4+t'_ct#p0(355);

% G+ound communication signals to plane

%69: 9ne o" the mo+e impo+tant na*igation s#stems on an ai+c+a"t that %+elies on a +adio signal "+om g+ound stations!

F*o+ = 0; %in MHz G_*o+ = 2


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Fs = $001max'FcBF*o+); // = -(FsD; x = linspace'0B88B $000); _celltt = _cellt'//); _cellmaxt = _cellmax'//); _*o+t = _*o+'//); _comination = _celltt E _*o+t;

hold;

plot'_*o+tB ); plot'_cominationB mB @ine.idthB $); plot'_cellttB +); #lim'- D);

xlim'0 $83!53D); legend'69: lect+ic "ieldB Comined lect+ic FieldB Cell honelect+ic Field); title'inusoidal Const+uction o" lect+ic Fields);

xlael'?ime mic+osecondsD); #lael' 6(mD); hold;

s_cellt = ""tshi"t'""t'i""tshi"t'_celltt))); %t#pical cell phone

disc+ete signal s_cellmax = ""tshi"t'""t'i""tshi"t'_cellmaxt))); %maximum cell phonedisc+ete signal s_*o+ = ""tshi"t'""t'i""tshi"t'_*o+t))); %t#pical *o+ dic+etesignal s_comination = ""tshi"t'""t'i""tshi"t'_comination)));

"igu+e;

plot'//Bas's_comination)B @ine.idthB3);xlim'-!0


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Filte+ed = s_comination!1F;

"igu+e;

plot'//Bas'Filte+ed)[email protected] 3); xlim'-0!0< 0!0

electromagnetic interference associated with cellular phone usage on a commercial aircraft

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