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Mushtaq

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Introduction Parameters of electrospining process

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This process involves the ejection of a charged polymer fluid onto anoppositely charged surface.

Multiple polymers can be combined

Control over fiber diameter and scaffold architecture

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Taylor_cone_photo.jpg

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year uthor chievmentts1914 Zeleny The first one observed

the spinningbehavior of conductingpolymer solution in

electric field

1934 Formhal The first patent aboutelectrospinningprocess

1996 Reneker &Chun

The probability ofelectrospinning usingdifferent kind of polymersolution wasproved.

1981 Larrondo &Manley

Investigation ofelectrospinning usingmelting polymer

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Polymer SolventNylon 6, Nylon 6,6 Formic Acid

Polyacrylonitrile Dimethyl Formaldehyde

PET Trifluoroacetic acid/Dimethyl chloride

PVA Water

Polystyrene DMF/Toluene

Nylon 6 co-polyamide Formic Acid

Polybenzimidazo Dimethyl acetamide

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1. Solution properties, 2. Controlled variables

3. Ambient parameters

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Viscosityo one of the biggest determiners of fiber size and morphology

o The diameter of the fibers by increasing solution viscosity.

Conductivity,o Increasing the solution conductivity or charge density can be used to

produce more uniform fibers.

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Surface Tension The addition of ethanol to PEO and PVA solutions lowered the surface tension.

Another approach to reducing the surface tension of polyurethaneurea solutions wasto add polydimethylsiloxane, but no significant effect in fiber morphology wasobserved

polymer molecular weighto Increasing molecular weight reduced the number of beads and droplets

Additionally,PMMA with a narrow molecular weight distribution gave uniform fibers ata lower concentration than those with

larger molecular weight distributions.

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Flow rateo Lower flow rates yielded fibers with smaller diameters

o High flow rates produced fibers that were not dry upon reaching the Collector

Electric field strengtho At too high voltage, beading was observed Correlation between voltage and fiber

diameter was ambiguous

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Distance between tip and collectoro A minimum distance was required to obtain dried fibers

o At distances either too close or too far, beading was observed

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Needle tip design Using a coaxial, 2-capillary spinneret, hollow fibers were produced

Multiple needle tips were employed to increase throughput

Collector composition and geometry Smoother fibers resulted from metal collectors; more porous fiber structure was

obtained using porous collectors.

Aligned fibers were obtained using a conductive frame, rotating drum or a wheel-likebobbin collector.

Yarns and braided fibers were also obtained

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Temperature, Increased temperature caused a decrease in solution viscosity, resulting in smaller

fibers

Humidity, Increasing humidity resulted in the appearance of circular pores on the fibers

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http://www.thefutureisnear.org/student_research/current_research/documents/drugencapsulation/xq21.pdf

http://www.che.vt.edu/Wilkes/electrospinnin

g/electrspinning.html

http://www1.uprh.edu/npinto/papers/1ncur2001.pdf

http://physicsworld.com/cws/event/17158 http://nathan.instras.com/ResearchProposal

DB/doc-118.pdf

http://www.thefutureisnear.org/student_research/current_research/documents/drugencapsulation/xq21.pdfhttp://www.thefutureisnear.org/student_research/current_research/documents/drugencapsulation/xq21.pdfhttp://www.thefutureisnear.org/student_research/current_research/documents/drugencapsulation/xq21.pdfhttp://www.che.vt.edu/Wilkes/electrospinning/electrspinning.htmlhttp://www.che.vt.edu/Wilkes/electrospinning/electrspinning.htmlhttp://www.che.vt.edu/Wilkes/electrospinning/electrspinning.htmlhttp://www1.uprh.edu/npinto/papers/1ncur2001.pdfhttp://www1.uprh.edu/npinto/papers/1ncur2001.pdfhttp://physicsworld.com/cws/event/17158http://nathan.instras.com/ResearchProposalDB/doc-118.pdfhttp://nathan.instras.com/ResearchProposalDB/doc-118.pdfhttp://nathan.instras.com/ResearchProposalDB/doc-118.pdfhttp://nathan.instras.com/ResearchProposalDB/doc-118.pdfhttp://nathan.instras.com/ResearchProposalDB/doc-118.pdfhttp://nathan.instras.com/ResearchProposalDB/doc-118.pdfhttp://physicsworld.com/cws/event/17158http://www1.uprh.edu/npinto/papers/1ncur2001.pdfhttp://www1.uprh.edu/npinto/papers/1ncur2001.pdfhttp://www.che.vt.edu/Wilkes/electrospinning/electrspinning.htmlhttp://www.che.vt.edu/Wilkes/electrospinning/electrspinning.htmlhttp://www.che.vt.edu/Wilkes/electrospinning/electrspinning.htmlhttp://www.thefutureisnear.org/student_research/current_research/documents/drugencapsulation/xq21.pdfhttp://www.thefutureisnear.org/student_research/current_research/documents/drugencapsulation/xq21.pdfhttp://www.thefutureisnear.org/student_research/current_research/documents/drugencapsulation/xq21.pdf