electrified! measures for promoting e-mobility

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Co-funded by

PromotingE-Mobility

Guidebook for the implementation of E-Mobility measures incities and municipalities

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Imprint

Editor:Municipality of the Capital City of Klagenfurt on Lake WörtherseeDepartment of Environmental Protection Bahnhofstraße 35/IIKlagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee / AustriaProject management:Wolfgang [email protected] co-ordination:Sandra [email protected]://www.klagenfurt.at

Concept and text:Austrian Mobility Research FGM-AMORDoris Wiederwald,Julia Zientek Graphic design:Austrian Mobility Research FGM-AMOR

Cover photo:Agentur MehrWert

Print:Druckerei Theiss GmbHSt. Stefan im Lavanttal

Funding:Co-funded by the European Union via the LIFE+ Funding Programme. This project is financially supported in the context of the klima aktiv mobil funding programme of the Climate and Energy Fund as a contribution towards protecting the environment and the climate in transport.

Copyright:This work, including all parts thereof, are protected by copyright. Any use outside the limits of the copyright is not permitted without the express consent of the editor.

www.cemobil.eu

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© Dreier KK

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© Helge Bauer

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At times of dwindling fossil fuel resources, it is high time to think about alternative forms of mobility. In this line of thought, E-mobility plays a major role. Travel by using electricity obtained, for example, through solar panels has long ceased to be a utopian vision. With the project CEMOBIL, the Carinthian Capital City of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee is among the pioneers in Austria.The capital has a wide network of charging stations, E-vehicles can be rented at low prices for testing-purposes at the Environmental Department, and E-cars form part of the public fleet. Let this guidebook serve as an inspiration for other cities and municipalities.

Dr. Maria-Luise Mathiaschitz

Mayor of the City of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee

For many cities and regions across Europe exceeding the limits of air pollutants and noise is an issue. Additional requirements for saving greenhouse gases and increasing energy efficiency form part of the 20-20-20 targets of the European Union. Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee assumed a pioneering role early on, and innovative measures were tested and further developed in several EU projects. A further milestone could be set with the E-mobility project CEMOBIL: It could be proved that E-mobility not only enhances the quality of life but can also considerably contribute towards achieving the European climate protection targets if electricity is obtained from renewable energy sources. Likewise, the suitability of electric vehicles for daily use could be demonstrated by CEMOBIL. However, for a large scale implementation there are still societal challenges that need to be overcome. The current high purchase price of E-vehicles is only one part of the challenge. An important aspect is the trend of not necessarily owning things, but to rather share their use with others. Together with smart phone applications, a new field of innovative mobility services is opened up. It is vital that everyone becomes aware of his/her mobility pattern and thus to actively influence and shape it in a sustainable manner.

Dr. Wolfgang Hafner

Project Manager of CEMOBIL, Department of

Environmental Protection, Municipality of the City of

Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee

Foreword

The future belongs to E-Mobility

E-Mobility: Suitable for everyday use

© Sigrid Stippich-Guetz

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E-Mobility improves the quality of life of a city’s residents. In the City of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee, this was realised many years ago and appropriate measures were taken and implemented. CEMOBIL demonstrated that it is possible to raise awareness among the city’s inhabitants. E-vehicles are at the citizen’s disposal at a low fee. The city itself serves as a role model by using E-vehicles as official vehicles. I am aware that there are many things yet to be done and that we are only at the beginning of a development - a development that will be unavoidable in the future. Klagenfurt has been part of this development from the start. We hope that our experiences will support other cities and municipalities in finding the appropriate approach to this thematic field.

Frank Frey

City Councillor for Environment of the Capital City of

Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee

Climate protection in transport is a great challenge when it comes to energy and environmental policy. E-mobility based on electricity from renewable sources provides a solution to this challenge. E-mobility is an essential part in making traffic more efficient and environmentally sustainable.Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee has the opportunity of being a showcase city in Austria, notably by taking polluter groups such as trucks, buses and boats into consideration, along with cars, motorbikes and mopeds. There is still need for action in the area of lobbying. E-mobility needs to be brought closer to the general public. The project CEMOBIL thus forms an important part and is a successful example for awareness-raising and the integration of the population. Delivery of electricity by inner-city charging stations, E-bus-lines as well as E-taxis influence the urban setting in a sustainable manner.As city councillor for urban planning, economy and tourism I consider it important to address all aspects of E-mobility in the different departments and to support E-mobility with sustainable, environmentally friendly as well as future-oriented projects.

Mag. Otto Umlauft

City Councillor for Urban Planning, Economy and Tourism

of the Capital City of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee

Klagenfurt practises E-Mobility!

E-Mobility is a crucial part of future-oriented politics

© tinefoto.com/Martin Steinthaler

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Content

1. Future-oriented Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee goes e-mobile! ................................................................. 08

The Strategy ............................................................................................................................. 08

CEMOBIL – a project for the implementation of E-Mobility in Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee .. 10

Five fields of action for the promotion of E-Mobility ..................................................................11

2. Successful10 success factors for the implementation of

a successful urban E-mobility project ................................................................................... 12

3. ElectrifiedFive action fields for the promotion of E-mobility .............................................................. 14

3.1 Multimodal! Purchase of E-Vehicles .............................................................................. 16

E-Cars: What you should know before buying .......................................................................... 17

Purchase of an E-car from a municipality’s point of view ........................................................... 18

E-scooters and E-bikes .............................................................................................................. 19

Partly car – partly scooter: Electric microcars ............................................................................. 20

Purchase of E-taxis ................................................................................................................... 21

Towards a zero-emission ship: The ES Maria Wörth ................................................................... 22

An E-bus for Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee ............................................................................ 23

Charging stations for E-vehicles –

the development of a comprehensive charging infrastructure ................................................... 24

3.2 Visible! Use of E-Vehicles ................................................................................................. 26

Test drives with E-cars and microcars ........................................................................................ 27

E-bike and E-scooter rental ....................................................................................................... 28

E-taxis in everday business ........................................................................................................ 29

E-Mobility for learner drivers .................................................................................................... 30

The E-bus on line 43 ................................................................................................................ 31

From the City to the Lake: The ES Maria Wörth ........................................................................ 32

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3.3 Informative! Communication and Awareness Raising .................................................. 33

Klagenfurt drives CEMOBIL – a success of the marketing concept ............................................. 34

Testimonials – prominent people promote E-mobility ................................................................ 35

Electric go-kart contest ............................................................................................................. 36

CEMOBIL-Test-vecicles roll with green electricity ....................................................................... 37

Charging stations for E-vehicles in public space ........................................................................ 38

3.4 Integrated! Organisation and Framework Conditions ................................................. 39

Training measures for E-mobility ............................................................................................... 40

Amendment of legal framework conditions for E-mobility in new residential buildings .............. 41

New traffic concepts for Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee .......................................................... 42

Co-funding for the purchase of an E-vehicle – the Carinthian PPP-funding model ..................... 43

Integration of stakeholders and opinion leaders ....................................................................... 44

3.5 Worth Knowing! Accompanying Research, Monitoring and Evaluation ..................... 46

What does the population think? ............................................................................................. 47

Electric mobility and road safety ............................................................................................... 49

What’s the opinion of the private test drivers? .......................................................................... 50

Reduction in emissions by 85% - the study for CEMOBIL .......................................................... 52

Economic impact of CEMOBIL .................................................................................................. 53

4. SummaryInnovative mobility in practice ............................................................................................ 54

E-mobility – What’s next? ......................................................................................................... 56

ContactsThe 9 CEMOBIL project partners .......................................................................................... 57

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Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee is the capital city of the Region of Carinthia and has 100,000 inhabit-ants and with pupils, students and commuters included, a daytime population of about 160,000 people. The topographic situation in a basin, related thermal inversions and low wind speeds cause critical air conditions in spite of the absence of large-scale emitters. In total, traffic is respon-sible for 70% of NOx and 26% of CO2. Together with particulate matter, these air pollutants entail a lower life expectancy. Typical illnesses, such as

heart and lung diseases, bronchitis, and asthma attacks, are due to these pollutants.Furthermore, vehicles with a combustion engine- induced noise emissions which are harmful to health, especially when emitted constantly during times of rest; at least, impulse-like short distur-bances can interfere with sound sleep.In cities of the size of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörther-see, on average, 59% of the population are suf-fering from noise. Thereof, 71% are affected by traffic noise (cars, trucks, motor-bikes).

Therefore, as well as for environmental reasons, the City of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee started early on to pursue following strategic goals:

Î Air pollution control Î Climate protection Î Noise protection Î Innovation

Like many other European cities, the Capital City of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee has air quality problems mainly caused by traffic. The implementation of environmentally relevant measures ensures an improvement of the quality of life of all citizens and thus contributes to a higher standard of living.

Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee goes e-mobile!

1. Future- oriented

The Strategy

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Electric powertrains can contribute significantly to-wards achieving these strategic goals. Positive envi-ronmental effects can be demonstrated by projects and are generated if the energy used for E-mobility is produced from renewable resources.

The use of E-vehicles is politically accepted as it does not entail general driving bans or undue restraints on individual mobility. Pollution levels in affected areas can be reduced only by using a fully electric powertrain. E-vehicles are particularly well-suited for medium-sized cities with average driving distances between 25 and 50 km per day; an un-problematic distance considering the currently still limited range of E-vehicles.

When implementing E-mobility, it is of great impor-tance to limit measures not only to cars, motor-bikes and mopeds, but to also integrate buses and boats as additional other polluter groups. Thus, a widespread demand for E-vehicles can be created. Full-scale development of related infrastructure (charging points, service and repair facilities) allows for a trouble-free operation in the city and its sur-roundings.

Ongoing public awareness-raising about E-mobility is another important element for a successful implementation in a city. By providing E-vehicles

for testing, the citizens are actively involved and acquire an on-hands experience of E-mobility. By changing the general attitude towards E-mobility, a possible purchase of an E-car is encouraged. Crucial for the purchase decision are subsidies for E-mobility from the region or the city. The evalua-tion of success rates and experiences contribute to further steering the project towards the achieve-ment of the strategic goals envisaged.

1. Future- oriented

Air quality in Klagenfurt: PM10 situation for the annual average including all emissions. Reference year 2005 (Source: Layman’s Report KAPA GS, 2007)

© Helge Bauer

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Î Project duration: 01/09/2010 – 31/12/2015

Î Funding programmes: LIFE+, klimaaktiv mobil

Î Purchase of 35 E-cars (thereof 5 E-taxis), 2 utility cars, 10 microcars, 10 E-bikes, 10 E-scooters, 1 E-bus and 1-E-ship)

Î Set-up of 100 charging stations run by 100% green electricity

CEMOBIL in a nutshell

FUTURE-ORIENTED

KLAGENFURT ON LAKE WöRTHERSEE GOES E-MOBILE! 1

CEMOBIL demonstrates that E-mobility does indeed work in European cities and that effective and sustainable improvement in environmental quality in cities is achievable without imposing undue restraints on individual mobility. A valuable contribution is being made towards climate pro-tection and towards meeting the Kyoto target by ensuring that the electricity required for powering E-vehicles comes entirely from renewable sources of energy. In the framework of the five-year project (2010-2015), several measures were imple-mented to promote E-mobility.

CEMOBIL - Targets

Î 1,900t CO2, 6t NOX und 0,25t particles saved per year

Î Legal compliance with the NO2-limit value (40 µg/m³ annual mean) in the city centre

Î 10% of new registrations are E-vehicles Î At least 1,500 E-vehicles by 2015 Î 100% green electricity: at least 3,800 MWh

CO2-neutral E-mobility in European cities to reduce air pollutants and noise as demonstrated in Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee, Austria

CEMOBIL – a project for the implementation of E-Mobility in Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee

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1 MULTIMODAL! PURCHASE OF E-VEHICLES

Existing mobility offers are complemented by new E-options by CEMOBIL- both for individual mobility and for public transport. New offers include E-cars, E-vans, microcars, E-scooters, E-bikes, E-taxis, one E-bus as well as charging stations, etc.

2 VISIBLE! USE OF E-VEHICLES

The provision of E-vehicles for test purposes is a crucial part for the integration of E-mobility into daily mobility.

3 INFORMATIVE! COMMUNICATION AND AWARENESS RAISING

E-mobility offers should be visible to all citizens; to this end, CEMOBIL strongly emphasises extensive press and publicity work.

4 INTEGRATED! ORGANISATION AND FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS

In Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee, E-mobility should be implemented in a sustainable manner both ecologically and strategically. Therefore, the electricity required comes completely from renewable energy sources. Additionally, e-mobility will be integrated permanently into urban transport planning.

5 WORTH KNOWING! ACCOMPANyING RESEARCH, MONITORING AND EVALUATION

During the whole project period, data from trial use is collected, analysed and evaluated. Additionally, research is conducted on the reduction of pollutants and noise as well as on road safety. Furthermore, a life-cycle analysis was conducted.

Five fields of action for the promotion of E-Mobility

Cross-sectoral consortium with 9 project partners

Î Magistrat der Landeshauptstadt Klagenfurt am Wörthersee/ City of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee – Project coordination

Î Amt der Kärntner Landesregierung/ Region of Carinthia, Department 7 - Economy, Tourism, Infrastructure and Mobility;

Department A07 - Traffic and Public Transport

Î Stadtwerke Klagenfurt AG, Mobilität/ Public Utility Company Klagenfurt

Î Klagenfurt Marketing GmbH

Î Fachhochschule Kärnten, Gemeinnützige Privatstiftung/ Carinthia University of Applied Sciences

Î FGM-AMOR Forschungsgesellschaft Mobilität – Austrian Mobility Research gemeinnützige GmbH

Î WSG Wörthersee Schifffahrt GmbH/ Lake Wörthersee Shipping Company

Î IPAK International Project Management Agency Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee GmbH

Î IAM Institut für Technologie und alternative Mobilität/ Institute of Technology and Alternative Mobility

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10 success factors for the implementation of a successful urban E-mobility project

Innovation and courage

In order to implement E-mobility in a city with the broadest possible impact, courage is required by the public sector. Courage to take on a pioneering role and to go down innovative roads. In tune with the times, it is crucial to follow the new path rather than waiting for stand-ardisation on international level.

Use of public funds

Both on national and international levels, funding bodies have recognized that E-mobility can contribute towards solv-ing traffic-related air quality problems. These funds can be used synergistically by cities either to implement mobility measures in different fields in parallel or in a chronological sequence – all of them geared towards reaching the target of an E-mobile city.

Political support

Actors from politics and administration should engage in early discussions in order to ensure strong political support. This enables fast action and the improvement of legislative framework conditions in favour of E-mobility.

Involvement of all actors

A multi-level and cross-sectoral partner-ship allows for a “project of proximity”, with all actors communicating in a quick and uncomplicated manner and imple-menting measures in a coordinated way.An established broad network of further stakeholders serves as a basis for the further development of measures.

2. Successful

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Broad range of E-vehicles

Urban E-mobility comprises all types of E-vehicles in order to satisfy the differ-ent mobility needs of a city – individual or public transport, be it on two or four wheels. With a multi-modal approach, all citizens of a city can get to know and to appreciate E-mobility in all its facets.

E-mobility and personal driving experience

With the possibility to test various E-vehicles – from E-cars and E-scooters to E-bikes – easy access to E-mobility is provided. Travelling by E-bus or E-ship demonstrates that E-mobility also works in scheduled public transport.

Research on E-mobility

Knowledge gained from empirical research (e.g. user surveys) support target-group oriented steering of E-mobility projects. Findings from studies can be used for the further development of E-vehicles or for the integration of E-mobility into urban mobility planning.

Convince target groups

In an E-mobile city, all target groups need to be informed on the project and its measures according to their needs.Personal interviews of potential users allow for intensive awareness-raising. Additionally, the advantages of E-mobility can be communicated in a targeted manner.

Charging without worries

A dense network of public charging stations provides for free charging for private test users. Knowing about quick access to a charging station helps first-time users in easing the access to E-mobility, notably when range anxiety still is an issue.

National and international networking

Mutual learning is enabled by the exchange with other cities and actors on E-mobility. Joint activities, project development and coordinated action are an additional advantage of networking.

2. Successful

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3.2 Visible! Use of E-VehiclesThe provision of E-vehicles for test purposes is a crucial part for the integration of E-mobility into daily mobility.

3.1 Multimodal! Purchase of E-VehiclesExisting mobility offers are complemented by new E-options by CEMOBIL- both for individual mobility and for public transport. New offers include E-cars, E-vans, microcars, E-scooters, E-bikes, E-taxis, one E-bus as well as charging stations, etc.

pages 16 – 25

pages 26 – 32

3. Electrified

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Five action fields for the promotion of E-mobility

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3.5 Worth Knowing! Accompanying Research, Monitoring and EvaluationDuring the whole project period, data from trial use is collected, analysed and evaluated. Additionally, research is conducted on the reduction of pollutants and noise as well as on road safety. Furthermore, a life-cycle analysis was conducted.

3.4 Integrated! Organisation and Framework ConditionsIn Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee, E-mobility should be implemented in a sustainable manner both ecologically and strategically. Therefore, the electricity required comes completely from renewable energy sources. Additionally, e-mobility will be integrated permanently into urban transport planning.

3.3 Informative!Communication and Awareness RaisingE-mobility offers should be visible to all citizens; to this end, CEMOBIL strongly emphasises extensive press and publicity work.

pages 39 – 45

pages 33 – 38

pages 46 – 53

© H

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ELECTRIFIED! MEASURES FOR THE PROMOTION OF E-MOBILITy

STRATEGy 1: MULTI-MODAL! PURCHASE OF E-VEHICLES3.1

Multi-modal!Purchase of E-vehicles

E-cars: What you should know before buying ................................................................................00

Purchase of an E-car from a municipality’s point of view .................................................00

E-scooters and E-bikes ...................................................................00

Partly car – partly scooter: Electric microcars ...........................................................................00

Purchase of E-taxis .........................................................................00

Towards a zero-emission ship: The ES Maria Wörth .......................................................................00

An E-bus for Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee .................................00

Charging stations for E-vehicles – the development of a comprehensive charging infrastructure ....................................00

page 17

page 18

page 19

page 20

page 21

page 22

page 23



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page 24

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E-cars available in Austria Meanwhile, almost every type of vehicle is available as an E-version: From microcars such as the Renault Twizy and limousines such as the Mercedes B-Class Electric Drive to sports cars like the Tesla. The initiative for E-mobility and sustainable energy supply by the Climate and Energy Fund offers a good overview of E-vehicles available in Austria. » see link

Purchasing/leasing of batteriesWhen buying an E-vehicle, there are two options offered by nearly all car brands. Either the E-vehicle is bought including the battery or the E-vehicle is bought and the battery is leased. When leasing the battery, a monthly fee has to be paid, which includes service, repair and the replacement of defective batteries. With the batteries being one of the most expensive components of an E-vehicle, battery leasing can be an interesting option. » see link

1 http://www.oeamtc.at/portal/elektrofahrzeuge-in-oesterre-

ich+2500+1393831

CostsNormally, the running costs of an E-vehicle are lower than those for a conventionally fuelled vehicle. For one thing, charging of electricity is considerably cheaper than filling the tank with conventional fuels and, for the other; tax exemptions are granted for E-cars in Austria (e.g. standard fuel consumption tax “NoVA” and other engine-related taxes). It should be noted that insurance conditions and premiums do not differ from those for conventional cars. » see link

Funding possibilitiesBefore buying an E-car, it should be checked if funding options are available on regional and national level. The present funding scheme of the Region of Carinthia has already been a catalyst for E-mobility. These funding schemes are primarily intended to support the E-mobility market in taking off. Therefore, the funding regulations lay down that funding be limited to a certain period of time.

E-cars: What you should know before buying

In 2014, 1,281 new E-vehicles were registered in total in Austria; in the previous year, the number was at 654 E-vehicles (+95%)1.Not only the number of new registrations rises steadily, but so does the variety of available E-vehicles. By now, nearly every car manufac-turer has an E-car in its product range.

Links

E-Vehicles available in Austria (German)

http://www.e-connected.at/content/e-fahrzeuge

Overview on the cost of battery leasing (German)

http://www.e-connected.at/content/e-fahrzeuge

Standard fuel consumption tax “NoVA” in Austria (German)https://www.bmf.gv.at/steuern/fahrzeuge/

© Fotolia

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CEMOBIL’s target is to demonstrate the performance of E-vehicles and thereby generate the demand for them in Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee. To this end, 69 different E-vehicles were bought (microcars, utility vehicles, station wagons, etc.) and provided for testing.Do you also plan to purchase E-vehicles for broad public use in your city or municipality?

CEMOBIL tips

• When buying an E-vehicle, please make sure it is a standard vehicle. This ensures optimal handling of insurance matters in the event of damage.

• Start-up funding increases the readiness to buy an E-vehicle, especially in the pioneering phase. Currently, the Region of Carinthia co-finances the purchase with up to 3,500 Euros per vehicle

• Co-operation with local car dealers is of advantage so that you can rely on qualified dealers and trained staff when service and repair work is needed later on.

• For vehicles to be rented out for test purposes, a hired car concession is required. This should be con-sidered early on.

Purchase of an E-car from a municipality’s point of view

The Capital of City Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee has bought, in total, 69 different E-vehicles for test purposes since 2011. Klagenfurt’s inhabitants as well as public or private bodies can borrow them for test rides.

E-vEhicLEs within thE projEct cEMoBiL

Î 30 passenger cars for testing by the inhabitants, public institutions and driving schools (7 Mitsubishi i-Miev, 2 Citroen C-Zero, 5 Renault Kangoo, 14 Mercedes E-Cell)

Î 2 utility vehicles (Goupil, Piaggio)

Î 5 passenger cars for taxi companies (Nissan Leaf)

Î 10 microcars (1 Biro, 9 Twizy)

Î 1 E-bus (Solaris), 1 E-ship

Î 10 E-Scooters

Î 10 E-Bikes

© CEMOBIL/Helge Bauer

E-test vehicles for Klagenfurt’s population

© CEMOBIL/HelgeBauer

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Many municipalities aim at promoting non-motorized transport. However, not all distances can be covered by walking or cycling. With an E-bike or an E-scooter, even longer distances can be travelled on two wheels. For dis-tances up to 10 km (E-bike) or up to 100 km (E-scooter), these two-wheelers are the ideal means of transport.

E-bikes and E-scooters have many advantages: They are space-saving, come at a low price in purchase and run-ning cost and are very clean. With 12 g/km, the average CO2 emissions of a pedelec are considerably lower than those of a passenger car (both conventional and electric). In spite of these advantages, many people are hesitant to buy E-bikes or E-scooters. A rental service thus provides an easy-access opportunity to support people in switching from car to a single track vehicle. The Region of Carinthia therefore purchased 10 E-bikes and 10 E-scooters, which have been offered by

Stadtwerke Klagenfurt on a rental basis since 2011 (see also page 28).

CEMOBIL tips

• Focus on the quality of the E-bike/E-scooter. You can find test results at http://extraenergy.org

• For E-bikes, consideration should be given to the po-sitioning of the enginge (bottom bracket, front wheel and rear wheel hub), brakes, and battery range as well as to a user-friendly operation of the display and of the pedal assistance. A traction assist of 6 km/h is an advantage.

• Important for E-scooters are their dead weight, the battery range, charging time as well as the quality of the brakes and of the suspension.

• It is essential to ensure that parking facilities are available in sufficient numbers in the district. E-bikes can be left securely at bicycle holders that ideally should be roofed and well lit.

• High-quality E-bikes are available from 2,000 Euros, E-scooters from 4,000 Euros. If a purchase of a rental fleet turns out to be too expensive, there also is the possibility of making use of leasing models (E-bikes from 40 Euros/month and bike).

• Maintenance costs for a rental pool should not be underestimated. In Klagenfurt, the first batteries had to be replaced and brakes needed to be repaired already after two years.

E-scooters and E-bikes

E-mobile on two wheels – setting-up a loaner pool is an environmentally friendly way to promote E-mobility. The Region of Carinthia has bought 10 E-bikes and 10 E-scooters that are provided by Stadtwerke Klagenfurt on a rental basis.

© winora.de / pd-f.de

10 E-bikes (2 Cross bikes and 8 City bikes) were purchased

© Stadt Klagenfurt am Wörthersee

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Microcars are defined as motor vehicles in lightweight construction, not longer than 3.40 m, and having a maximum weight of 1,100 kg. The maximum speed depends on the model and ranges between 45 and 80 km/h. Many microcars are single- or two-seaters and therefore ideally suited for the actual occupancy rate of vehicles. In Austria, the average occupancy rate is 1.07 persons/car on trips to work. Moreover, in Austria two thirds of all car trips are below 10 km, and parking space in urban areas is often scarce. Hence, especially when used in urban areas, microcars can show their full potential.Against this background, 10 microcars were purchased in total (9 Renault Twizy and 1 Biro) in the framework of the CEMOBIL project. These are offered for testing to companies and private persons. With this initiative, the City of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee wants to reduce parking space requirements and to further promote the microcar as a niche product.

Renault Twizy in Winter

Gerald Miklin, project coordinator at the IAM

Institut für Technologie und alternative Mobilität/

Institute for Technology and Alternative Mobility of

the Region of Carinthia performed a winter test of

the Renault Twizy from December 2012 to April

2013 (model without side window). Winter: During

this period, the Twizy travelled about 770 cold and

wintry kilometres at temperatures as low as -15

degrees. Miklin is fully satisfied with his test results:

“This fancy two-seater is environmentally friendly,

dynamic and innovative – in spite of the fact that

the test model did not have any side windows”.

Althouth the Renault Twizy is also available with

side windows, according to Miklin, they are not

absolutely necessary, neither when it is snowing

nor when it is raining. The wind deflectors at the

side protect the driver from wind and cold and

from getting wet. “The Twizy was developed as a

short-range vehicle. So, a journey takes on average

not longer than 15 minutes – thus with suitable

clothing the cold is quite easy to bear”, says Miklin.

Light, compact, futuristic: With their striking appearance, electric microcars arouse curiosity and draw attention to electric mobility. Municipalities can take advantage of this to place E-mobility more in the limelight.

The Renault Twizy passed the winter test. 770 kilometres were travelled at temperatures as low as -15°C


Partly car – partly scooter:Electric microcars

© CEMOBIL

21

For a temporary change in the composition of the taxi fleets, 5 E-cars (model Nissan Leaf) were purchased in 2013. These E-cars were made available to taxi com-panies for a three-month test period. Their experiences were collected via interviews in order to further optimize the system in the future.

When buying E-vehicles for use as a taxi, several specifi-cities have to be considered. In a first step, a tendering procedure is required specifying the special equipment of these vehicles (e.g. a taximeter) – see also further below in the tip section. Furthermore, in order to avoid distor-tion of competition, taxi companies should be obliged to apply the same tariffs, no matter whether E-taxi or a normal taxi, even if the E-vehicles are provided for test purposes at a low rate or even for free.

Among the test taxi drivers in Klagenfurt, an important point of critisiscm was the insufficient battery range.When building up a fleet it should thus be ensured that sufficient (fast) charging stations are available in the area of operation. It turned out that the legal framework con-ditions are a further obstacle. In the Region of Carinthia, the regional regulation for on-demand passenger trans-port2 (taxis, etc.) had to be adapted in order to extend the period for which E-taxis may be used as replacement cars to 6 months. Formerly, a replacement car could be used for a maximum of 15 days.

CEMOBIL tips

The E-vehicle ...• needs to be approved for use in the taxi business• needs to be a production vehicle with EC type

approval or an EC type approval for small series • must comply with the respective regional regulations• must meet requirements for use as a taxi

(5 doors, sufficient trunk volume, taximeter).

2 Carinthian regional regulation for on-demand passenger

transport, as amended on 31.08.2015. https://www.ris.bka.

gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=LrK&Gesetzesnumm

er=20000048

Purchase of E-taxis

Taxis travel many kilometres within a city. This allows the advantages of E-mobility to be fully exploited in this system. Since 2013, the City of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee has been testing the use of E-cars in the taxi business – many of the experiences gained can be transferred to other cities.

© Stadt Klagenfurt a. Ws

When purchasing E-Taxis it needs to be considered that the vehicles meet the requirements for the use as a taxi

© Stadt Klagenfurt a. Ws

22



From the outside, the “ES Maria Wörth“ looks like a con-ventional passenger ship. It is rather narrow and low and has a shallow draft so that it can navigate through the narrow Lend canal, which connects Klagenfurt’s inner city with Lake Wörthersee. There is a small control stand in the forecastle, a small lounge in the ship’s stern as well as a bar. It offers space for 60 passengers and has a load capacity of five tons. However, the “ES Maria Wörth” does not run on diesel, as is usual, but it is powered by an electric motor.

The development process was quite demanding for the engineers. The ship should have as little environmental impacts (emission of pollutants and noise) as possible, but at the same time it should meet all requirements in terms of economic efficiency and quality. These require-ments could be met by opting for a steel construction and a propeller drive.

Furthermore, instead of using conventional lead batter-ies with diluted sulphuric acid and risking the leakage of acid leakage and thus environmental pollution, batteries were chosen which contain saline solution and thus are completely harmless to the ecosystem of the Lend canal/Lake Wörthersee. For the future, it is planned to install a PV system on the ship’s roof, thus making the ship even more self-sufficient in terms of energy.

Conclusion: The “ES Maria Wörth” is a full-fledged pas-senger ship which demonstrates that an environmental friendly use of resources is also possible in the sector of passenger shipping.

Towards a zero-emission ship: The ES Maria Wörth

The ”ES Maria Wörth” is the first passenger ship to be powered by an environmentally friendly electric motor. The “ES Maria Wörth”was built in 2012 and has been part of the fleet of Wörthersee Schifffahrt ever since.

Es Maria wörth/Data on thE ship

Î Length: 18.9 metres

Î Width: 5.10 metres

Î Certified to carry 60 persons

Î Driven by electric motor

Î Use of batteries with saline solution

© Wörthersee Schifffahrt

The ES Maria Wörth in its construction stage


23

An E-bus for Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee

In 2012, the E-bus by the Polish Solaris company was purchased after an EU-wide invitation to tender and testing in Klagenfurt. Manufactured as a prototype, it is a low-floor bus with 26 passenger seats, standing room for 25 people as well as a wheelchair bay and a seat for the driver. The vehicle satisfies 100% the requirements in terms of accessibility and is used for scheduled public transport.

The centerpiece of the E-bus is a 120 kW, four- pole asynchronous electric machine featuring a torque of 1,400 Nm and lithium-ion-batteries. These allow stepless acceleration up to 50 km/h, the normal speed in public transport.

The battery pack supplies power not only to the propul-sion but also to all other systems in the bus, such as air condition, heating, power steering and door control. For propulsion, 2 sets of 60 kW batteries (700 kg each) are installed at the rear of the bus. On the top, a 35 kW battery is installed that weighs 400 kg and supplies energy for heating and cooling. The bus needs to be charged with power current. The total dead weight of the bus is 11 tons.

A touchscreen provides the bus driver with the most important data and information on the electric system and the battery status. Additionally, this touchscreen allows the bus driver to control the heating and to acti-vate or deactivate other driving functions.

CEMOBIL tips

• Define concretely the application area » Describe the line the E-bus shall serve (inner-city, urban/sub-urban area, regional/rural)

» Distances between bus stops, possibilities for recuperation

• When buying: » Prepare a detailed list of specifications » Define an availability guarantee » Specify battery procurement (leasing or purchase)Define charging structure (in-house oder external charging points)

• Clarify funding possibilities

In Klagenfurt’s streets, not only E-mobility on individual basis is promoted but it is also applied in public transport. The public utility company Stadtwerke Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee purchased an E-bus that serves silently and emisson-free line 43 between the inner city and the University of Applied Sciences.

The interior of Klagenfurt’s E-bus

© Dreier/KK

© Dreier/KK

24



The E-charing stations are located at important points of orgin or destination of trips in public space, such as the Park & Ride area at the Klagenfurt central train station, in the city cente as well as at Klagenfurt’s airport. All of them can be easily found via the charging spot locator at www.cemobil.eu.

Characteristics of “intelligent charging stations”:The most significant difference between an “intelli-gent” charging station and a conventional one are the technical features. While a conventional charging point is equipped with a charging socket, intelligent charging points feature user identification, a touchscreen, differ-ent types of sockets and a modern billing system.

Main characteristics of Klagenfurt’s charging points:• Intuitive handling via touchscreen display• User identification via RFID interface• Integrated illumination• Internet networking• Documentation of all charging processes• Real-time monitoring and remote monitoring• Different sockets (type 2, CEE and

standard safety socket)• Automatic locking of the charging socket• Free use!

Since 2013, 50 public charging stations for E-vehicles have been set up in total. The target of the Region of Carinthia and the Capital City of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee is to further increase the density of this charging point network.

E-charging spot locator at: www.cemobil.eu

Handling and user identification via displayIntelligent charging stations in Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee

Charging stations for E-vehicles – the development of a comprehensive charging infrastructure


© Helge Bauer © Google maps © Helge Bauer

25

Charging stations from the user’s point of view – the ABC of chargingTo be able to “fill-up” at the charging station, first, authenfication via ID-card is required. This ID-card can be ordered from the the Carinthian Government free of charge. In a second step, the e-vehicle is connected to the charging cable, locked, and then the charging process starts. A full charge takes about 3-4 hours; at a 22 kW fast charging station, the E-car is ready to start in as little as 30 minutes. In the third and last step, the user logs out from the charging station – the ride can continue.

Technical details of a charging station’s characteristicsIn order to find the best provider of an electric charging station, the tender needs to define the most important characteristics. The Region of Carinthia has defined – among others – the following basic characteristics:

• Installation of different sockets (type 2, CEE and standard safety socket)

• Definition of charging connector• Suitability for indoor and outdoor use (stainless steel

material, avoidance of heat generation and conden-sation in the interior)

• Display orientation (not facing the sun to avoid glare)• Wireless data transfer• USB and RFID interfaces• Local memory as a buffer• Database with with common interfaces • Marking and signage of the parking places• Sufficient height and illumination in order to find the

charging station easily• User-friendly, preferably language-neutral menu

navigation• Internet portal for credit balance inquiry• Theft protection for the charging cable• Real-time monitoring and remote monitoring with

emergency shutdown• Collision protection

Clever socket equipment

E-vehicles have different types of plugs. To offer

greatest possible flexibility, Carinthia’s charging

stations have two interconnected plug-in

locations per parking space (1 Mennekes socket

and 1 CEE socket). If one socket is active, the

other one below is deactivated.

Charging of another vehicle is not possible and

the uncontrolled use of parking space is thus

prevented. At the same time, utmost flexibility is

maintained for the customer.


26

3.2 ELECTRIFIED! MEASURES FOR THE PROMOTION OF E-MOBILITy

STRATEGy 2: VISIBLE! USE OF E-VEHICLES

Visible!Use of E-vehicles

Test drives with E-cars and microcars ..............................................00

E-bike and E-scooter rental .............................................................00

E-taxis in everday business ..............................................................00

E-Mobility for learner drivers ..........................................................00

The E-bus on line 43 .......................................................................00

From the City to the Lake: The ES Maria Wörth .........................................................................0



page 28

page 29

page 30

page 31

page 32

page 27

26

27

The “CEMOBIL strategy” aims at offering concrete and attractive test drives for the citizens. These are are pos-sible for a period of one week. The administrative fee per test week is 60 Euros.

To offer a suitable vehicle for each intended use, the test fleet comprises 8 different vehicle models. These are: Mercedes E-Cell, Mitsubishi-iMiev, Citroen C-Zero, Estrima Biro, Nissan Leaf, Renault Kangoo, Renault Twizy and Renault Zoe.

Registration as a test driver is possibible by phone call-ing IPAK GmbH, the Municipality of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee or the respective department of the Region of Carinthia. A contract for the trial use is drawn-up, laying down the amount of the deposit (200 Euros) as well as the insurance deductible in the event of damage (between 450 and 1,000 Euros). All vehicles are covered by comprehensive insurance.

The offer of using e-vehicles on a trial basis was a big success. So far, 707,000 km have been travelled with E-vehicles. This corresponds to 67 tons of CO2 savings!

CEMOBIL tips

• In order to best manage the great interest, a list of test drivers should be kept as well as one for those moving up on the waiting list.

• In order to increase flexibility and optimal use, a person should be assigned to a vehicle only when it is handed over.

• To avoid disputes in case of damages and claims, in-surance as well as the inspection of the vehicle after trial use are absolutely essential.

• To learn from the test drivers’ experience, evaluation of each test drive should be mandatory (question-naire for the test drivers).

• To avoid additional traffic, test drivers should be en-couraged to refrain from using their own cars during the testing period.

3 ZEIT ONLINE (2012): Elektro-Miniflitzer stoßen auf wenig Inter-

esse. http://www.zeit.de/auto/2012-01/elektroauto-interesse

(31.8.2015).

Test drives with E-cars and microcars

The City of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee and the Region of Carinthia purchased differ-ent E-vehicles for test drives. These can be used for testing by private persons, public bodies and companies for one week each. With over 2,750 test drives in four years, this offer has been very well accepted.


“The key to electric mobility is the curiosity of drivers to get to know something new, however, without commiting themselves to any obligations”.3

Prof. Ferdinand Dudenhöffer, University Duisburg-Essen

28



In summer 2011, E-scooters and E-bikes were handed over to 18 test families during a press conference. These test families communicated their experiences with the E-vehicles via a Facebook campaign. This allowed for comprehensive and practical information and communi-cation among the population.

Since 2012, the E-scooters and E-bikes have been of-fered for rent by the Klagenfurter Stadtwerke (public utility company) during the period from early April to the end of October. The possible rental period ranges between at least 24 hours and weeks up to six months.In 2015, 45 Euros were charged per week for an E-bike and 61 Euros for an E-scooter. The vehicles are distrib-uted by the service center of the public utility company in the city center against presentation of an identification card and of a driving licence when renting an E-scooter. Against a reimbursement of costs, vehicles are delivered to the renter’s home. When handed over, a deposit of 100 Euros must be paid. The insurance deductible in the event of damage is 70 Euros.

The offer is promoted on the website of the public utility company, in the public transport buses as well as at the lido.Service and maintenance work is performed by the public utility company, whose employees were trained and certified accordingly for the job. From the variety of rental offers, the option for long-term rental has met with the best response so far. During the rental period of 2014, 1,800 km were cycled by E-bikes and

1,215 km were travelled by E-scooters. In general, there is a higher demand for E-bikes than for E-scooters. The combined ticket option has not been very successful as many of Klagenfurt’s inhabitants already own a season or customer pass.

CEMOBIL tips

• Vehicles need to be robust and easy to handle. • The tariff system must be simple

» Day ticket » Weekend ticket » Weekly ticket » Monthly ticket

• Attractive offers with combined tickets, e.g. » Bike/scooter and bus » Bike/scooter and entrance to the lido or other leisure facilities

• Preparation of a comprehensible and clear rental con-tract. Concrete definition of » Included services » Processing of claims » Insurance » Deductable

• Negotiation of a repair and maintenance contract with a contracting partner. Ideally, this work would be performed by the rental company itself.

• Development and installation of a tool for rental and disposition.

• The rental service will only be cost efficient if it can be provided as an “add-on” to the day-to-day business without incurring additional costs for employees.

• Clarify funding possibilities.

E-bike and E-scooter rental

After the purchase of 10 E-scooters and 10 E-bikes in 2011, they were provided to the citizens in different campaigns and based on a rental system. Target groups were families as well as the population of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee as a whole.


29

Taxi companies can chose between using the E-taxi as a replacement car or as a rental car (meaning an additional car in their taxi fleet) – all within their existing conces-sions. For both options, the costs for a 4-week test period are 300 Euros and 900 Euros for a 3-month test period (excluding VAT).

The allocation of E-vehicles to the taxi companies fol-lows the chronological order of application. Charging of E-taxis is possible for free at the charging points installed by the Region of Carininthia or at the fast charging station installed for taxi companies at a car dealer’s loca-tion. In return for the low fees charged for the use of an E-taxi, taxi companies are requested to report on their experiences by filling in a questionnaire that has been provided.

For the taxi clients, the tariffs remain the same as for conventionally fueled taxis. Also the night taxi vouchers issued in Klagenfurt are fully valid.

During the period from May 2013 to April 2014, 43,086 kilometres were documented in total by the taxi drivers.The testing period varies considerably; some companies used the E-taxi only for four days while other rented it

for more than 3 months. Accordingly, the distances trav-elled vary between 50 kilometres and 11,695 kilometres. On average, an E-taxi travelled 53 kilometres per day.

As the majority of taxi companies in Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee are very small in size, there is no sufficient demand for E-taxis. The possibility of testing has there-fore been extended to the whole of Carinthia.

E-taxis in everday business

Since 2013, five E-taxis (Nissan Leaf) have been in operation in the City of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee. Klagenfurt’s taxi companies may use one of the taxis for a trial period of three-months and thus integrate them into their daily work.


I was positivelysurprised!

Nothing clatters or rattles; the car has good

suspension and good road holding.

It pulls briskly from the traffic lights; the stepless

automatic gear change and the noise-free cruising

are fascinating.

Less fascinating was the long charging time at the

obstructed parking spaces.

Without the political will and pressure as well as

further technological development, it will still take

some time for a major roll-out of E-vehicles.

A E-taxi driver’s experience

30



Driving schools could use the E-cars for perfection drives only as these – contrary to conventional driving school car – are not equipped with an additional foot pedal at the front passenger seat. This offer was well received by the learner drivers. They could gain a first impression on driving feel, handling and the specificities of E-mobility on four wheels, such as the lacking engine noise and the related lower percepti-bility by other road users. The resulting driving behaviour could thus be practically explained and trained accord-ingly. Apart from using the E-cars for perfection drives, they were also used to satisfy mobility needs of employ-ees in the driving school’s day-to-day business. Impres-sions and experiences can thus be passed on better by the driving instructor to the learner diver.

E-Mobility forlearner drivers

The CEMOBIL project provided driving schools with the possibility to test E-cars for a period of 3 months at favourable conditions.This should give learner drivers a chance to gain first hands-on experiences with E-cars.

© Fotopool.cc/Wolfgang Jannach

E-cars for driving schools need to be equipped with an additional foot pedal at the front passenger seat.

“Our learner drivers were enthusiatic about the

acceleration and could imagine having an E-car as

a city car. The lacking engine sound came as a

surprise to several testers and was considered to

be an accident risk. The charging time was

surprisingly short and an additional battery for

supplying auxiliaries such as heating, air-

conditioning and radio could be good idea.

As we already had the chance to test an electric

car in 1991, we were now able to clearly see the

significant further development of this

technology.”

Ingeborg Zauner, Driving School Janeschitz

© Fotolia/Alexander Raths

31

The distance travelled is 7.2 kilometres per round. The timetable provides for a departure every 30 minutes from Monday to Friday. The E-bus operates from 7:00 – 10:40 a.m., and after charging it is again in operation from 4:30 to 7.17 p.m. In total, the daily mileage amounts to 110 kilometres. A replacemet bus, as required by the Ordinance on Public Transport, operates the line during charging of the E-bus around midday.

In addition to the scheduled transport service, Klagen-furt’s citizens and its visitors had the opportunity of be-ing driven by E-bus and E-ship to the different Christmas markets in the advent season 2013.

In total, the E-bus has already covered a distance of 13,000 km in Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee.

The E-bus manufacturer Solaris evaluates the operation of the E-bus on an ongoing basis. Moreover, it is respon-sible for the maintenance work, which already included, for example, the replacement of the battery manage-ment system and the replacement of the AC system.

Numerous regions have been interested in the use of the E-bus for scheduled passenger transport and visited Klagenfurt to see it in actual operation. It is planned to make the E-bus available to a Carinthian tourist region for a one- to two-week test period.

CEMOBIL tips

• Plan the use of the E-bus considering the following aspects: » Operating time » Transfer points » Crew scheduling and duty roster

• Already at the time of purchase, options for repair and maintenance need to be clarified: » Full service Contract (operator = contracting party). When chosing this option, the operator´s staff needs to be trained.

» Garage in close proximity to the operator » Services provided by the manufacturer (specify response time by contract)

• Consider the need of having to provide conventionally fueled replacement buses

The E-buson line 43

Since 2013, the prototype bus of the Polish company Solaris has been serving the line 43 between Klagenfurt’s inner city and the University of Applied Sciences.

© Dreier/KK

W Ö RT H E R S E E

81Krottendorf

Walddorf 40

42Flughafen

Annabichl41

43FH Kärnten

Baumbachplatz

6061SteingasseWelzenegg

85

Leinsdorf

2021

Hörtendorf

50IKEA

50Kreuzbergl

31Wölfnitz Ort

31

Ebenthal-Schlosswirt

10Strandbad

10

Fischl

30

Hauptbahnhof

40 4241 80 8581

Felsenschmiedgasse

A LT E R P L AT Z

F L U G H A F E N

K R E U Z B E R G L

K L I N I K U M K L A G E N F U RT

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d i e M O B I L I T Ä T

S t a d t w e r k e K l a g e n f u r tTaglinienGültig ab 14.12.2014

31

11

32

verkehrt sonn- und feiertags überAMS nach Ebenthal

verkehrt samstags überSüdpark nach Fischl

verkehrt sonn- und feiertags überSchleppe u. Seltenheim nach Wölfnitz

Linienbezeichnung

Haltestelle inbeide Fahrtrichtungen

Haltestelle ineine Fahrtrichtung

Kurzstreckengrenze

Endhaltestelle

Park + Ride

Ringlinie mit gegenläufiger Bedienung

Linie wird nicht regelmäßig bedient

ÖBB Züge

20

Fußweg zu den ÖBB Zügen

LINIENNETZE-ALLE-DATEN.indd 1 20.11.14 13:00Bus line 43 in Klagenfurt’s bus network, the daily mileage amounts to 110 km.

© Dreier/KK

W Ö RT H E R S E E

81Krottendorf

Walddorf 40

42Flughafen

Annabichl41

43FH Kärnten

Baumbachplatz

6061SteingasseWelzenegg

85

Leinsdorf

2021

Hörtendorf

50IKEA

50Kreuzbergl

31Wölfnitz Ort

31

Ebenthal-Schlosswirt

10Strandbad

10

Fischl

30

Hauptbahnhof

40 4241 80 8581

Felsenschmiedgasse

A LT E R P L AT Z

F L U G H A F E N

K R E U Z B E R G L

K L I N I K U M K L A G E N F U RT

N E U E R P L AT Z

U K H

S TA D I O N

H A U P T B A H N H O F

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dus U

niver

sität

Klagen

furt W

est

Mini-mundus

Anzen

grube

r-

straß

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heim

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lsteg

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31

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verkehrt sonn- und feiertags überAMS nach Ebenthal

verkehrt samstags überSüdpark nach Fischl

verkehrt sonn- und feiertags überSchleppe u. Seltenheim nach Wölfnitz

Linienbezeichnung

Haltestelle inbeide Fahrtrichtungen

Haltestelle ineine Fahrtrichtung

Kurzstreckengrenze

Endhaltestelle

Park + Ride

Ringlinie mit gegenläufiger Bedienung

Linie wird nicht regelmäßig bedient

ÖBB Züge

20

Fußweg zu den ÖBB Zügen

LINIENNETZE-ALLE-DATEN.indd 1 20.11.14 13:00

32



Every year during the summer season (from May to September), the E-passenger ship navigates on the Lend canal three times daily.Up to 60 passengers can be transported on each trip from the Lend port to the lake.On average, 80 - 100 passengers are transported at a price of 3 Euros per direction.

Moreover, the E-ship is also often booked for a charter trip for weddings, birthdays, etc. at a price of 600 Euros for 2 hours.

Since its launch in 2012, the number of passengers has increased considerably. For the period until November 2014, the statistical figures are as follows:

• 118 operating days• 650 operating hours• 2,580 kilometres travelled• 2,601 passengers transported climate-neutrally• Daily costs for electricity: 1.17 Euros• Average speed: 4 km/h

The E-ship is always steered by the same captains, who personally document their experiences.

Maintenance work has been required so far at the sta-bilizers and the drive technology and for improving the ship’s general appearance.

From the City to the Lake: The ES Maria Wörth

Since July 2012, the ES Maria Wörth has been in operation in the Lend canal and thus offers a scheduled transport service between Klagenfurt’s inner city and Lake Wörthersee in the summer season.


Transfer of the E-shipThe ES Maria Wörth running at full speed

© CEMOBIL/Wörthersee Schifffahrt © CEMOBIL/Wörthersee Schifffahrt

33

Informative! Communication andAwareness-raising

Klagenfurt drives CEMOBIL – a success of the marketing concept ................................................00

Testimonials – prominent people promote E-mobility ............................................00

Electric go-kart contest ..................................................................00

CEMOBIL-Test-vehicles roll with green electricity ................................................................00

Charging stations for E-vehicles in public space ...............................................................................00

page 34

page 35

page 36

page 37

page 38

3.3 ELECTRIFIED! MEASURES FOR PROMOTING E-MOBILITy

STRATEGy 3: COMMUNICATION AND AWARENESS-RAISING! PURCHASE OF E-VEHICLES

33

34



The strategic focal points of the marketing concept are based on promotion, i.e., information and education of selected target groups as well as on offering the possibility to test E-mobility in practise and thus creating consumer demand. The marketing concept comprises:• the definition of the target groups for electric two-

wheelers and electric cars• the selection of marketing measures based on the

“marketing mix” (price, product, placement, promotion)

• the development of a corporate design for the project

• a strategy for awareness-raising, information & education, demonstration and sponsorship

The corporate design was used in many ways in order to raise the awareness about CEMOBIL. The marketing measures included the development of the logo, brand-ing of all electric vehicles with the CEMOBIL design, branding of the container for the air quality measure-ment, development of a website, distribution of news-letters and information flyers, display of posters and roll-up stands, display of information boards at charging stations, advertisement and placing of event notes in the print media, stands at trade fairs, distribution of parking meters as give-aways, etc.

The broad-based promotion campaign was a huge success.In order to raise awareness about the project CEMOBIL among the general public, Klagenfurt Marketing GmbH conducted a broad marketing campaign in 2011 and 2012. In the period from June to August 2012, a total of 900 promotion posters were placed throughout the city of Klagenfurt. Three motifs with the electric vehicles i-MiEV, Kangoo, and Twizy promoted CEMOBIL alongside the entrance streets into the city and in the residential areas.

Klagenfurt drives CEMOBIL – a success of the marketing concept

At the beginning of the project, a comprehensive marketing concept, including the definition of target groups and marketing measures, was developed. Many of these measures have already been implemented and contributed towards raising awareness about E-mobility in the general public.

In order to manifest electric mobility into people’s minds, a big advertising campaign was started. 900 posters were displayed in the city area.

© Klagenfurt Marketing GmbH




35

Testimonial, a term used in marketing, stands for “advo-cacy to increase the credibility of the advertising message of a product (…) by a person who is well-known to the target group”. CEMOBIL utilised this tool to increase the popularity and publicity of electric vehicles in Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee. In total, 32 well-known people from Carinthia tested the electric vehicle Mercedes E-Cell and various electric vehicles of the City of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee for a week each - among them several role models from the realms of politics, sports, entertainment and business, such as Hannes Jagerhofer, the organiser of the beach volleyball tournament, sports champion Elmar Lichtenegger, radio moderator Arnulf Prasch and many more.

The positive feedback by the testimonials was used to promote the electric test vehicles. In particular, positive reactions such as simple handling and pleasant driving feel were communicated and so were the news that these prominent persons shared their positive experience with families and friends. Regarding the EV’s range, the opinios of these test drivers differed. The range would be sufficient for short distances, but electric vehicles would not be ideally suited for longer trips. Further points of criticism were long charging times and the high price of the vehicles. Nevertheless, the testimonials are convinced that E-mobility is unstoppable.

Testimonials – prominent people promote E-mobility

Well-known inhabitants of Carinthia were active as test-drivers of the city’s E-vehicle fleet. In 2013, 32 famous inhabitants of Carinthia (among them celebrities, politicians, and functionaries) tested the Mercedes E-Cell of the Province of Carinthia and electric vehicles of the City of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee. Their positive feedback should support Klagenfurt in the effort to get more EVs onto the roads.


Culture meets E-mobility – assessment by film producer Klaus Graf

Film producer Klaus Graf relished the emission-free

driving pleasure by thoroughly testing the Mer-

cedes A-Class E-Cell and was excited about the

quality of the vehicle. “It was a wonderful driving

experience and a fascinating technology. Many

thanks for the possibility to get a taste of this”, said

film producer Klaus Graf when he returned the

E-Cell.Handing over of the Mercedes E-Cell to two testimonials

© CEMOBIL/Gernot Gleiss

36



Each of these two one-day E-go-kart contests was con-ducted in cooperation with a big event (Wörthersee Trail) and was promoted intensly in the local press. To suit the whole family, the events took place on Sundays. Neces-sary preparatory measures comprised the following: The E-go-karts were throttled to a maximum velocity of 25 km/h for adults and of 15 km/h for children. In addition, not more than two go-karts were allowed to use the track at the same time. Marshals were posi-tioned along the track, and Red Cross paramedics were present. For legal protection, each driver had to fill in a form and sign a liability waiver. Parents were liable for their children.

The contest was designed as a consistency contest with two runs. In order not to put the focus on velocity but on driving experience, the driver who finished with the least time difference between both runs won the contest. The winners were awarded attractive prizes, such as a free trip on board of the electric ship.

CEMOBIL tips

• Allow for sufficient time for planning and prepara-tion. It is necessary to obtain a specific permission for events in public areas.

• When choosing the electric go-karts, do make sure that they are suited both for adults and children – only then will it be an event for the whole family.

Electric go-kart contest

CEMOBIL organised E-go-cart contests in 2011 and in 2012. It was the aim to familiarise adults, youngsters and children with E-mobility in a playful way. This helped to remove unfounded reservations and fears towards E-mobility.

© Willisits

The E-go-karts in the consistency contest Time and good planning are key for a successful contest

© Willisits© Willisits

37

With respect to E-mobility, green electricity from sus-tainable resources is one of the most effective climate-protection measures since it allows for a substantial decrease of harmful greenhouse gas emissions. There-fore, the project CEMOBIL has adopted the principle that the electric vehicles used in the project should be solely “fuelled” with green electricity. This applies both to pub-lic charging stations and to private charging.

The electricity provided at the about 50 public charging stations in Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee and the sur-rounding areas stems exclusively from renewable energy sources. This is guaranteed by the utilities, which are responsible for the electricity supply (e.g., Stadtwerke Klagenfurt, KELAG) and some of which are CEMOBIL project partners. For test drivers whose private house-holds are not supplied with green electricity, it is manda-tory to purchase a voucher for green electricity. The amount of energy purchased with this voucher is sufficient to cover the average consumption of the electric vehicle during the test week. The costs of this voucher, including a small additional charge, are credited to the next electricity bill of the household.

CEMOBIL-Test-vehicles roll with green electricity

CO2 savings via E-mobility can only be achieved if the electricity is produced from renewable resources. Therefore, all public charging stations are fed exclusively with green electricity. Efforts have also been made to ensure that vehicles are charged with green electricity, even when “fuelled” privately.

© Fotolia/digitalstock

Voucher: Experiences of test drivers

This option was accepted readily by all partici-

pants. The test drivers appreciated the fact that

they received a small contribution towards their

expenses in addition to the credit. The only

barrier was that the vouchers had to be

submitted to the accounting office of the utility

in order to be eligible for refunding. Occasion-

ally, this prevented some drivers from redeeming

their vouchers for reasons of invonvenience.

Moreover, it required the co-operation of the

local utilities, which had to accept and and

include the refund in the next energy bill of the

household.

With a voucher, test drivers were encouraged to switch to eco-electricity

© S

tad

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lag

enfu

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G

38



CEMOBIL experiences show that public charging sta-tions for E-vehicles are intensively used – for charging in-between but also by users that have no possibility of charging at home.

In order to install a charging station on public premises, several permits and official decisions are required.Hence, close co-operation between the different depart-ments of the City of Klagenfurt was necessary to develop the required E-mobility infrastructure. Apart from the Department of Environmental Protection, the following departments were involved: the Survey Department (drawing up of the necessary plans for the respective charging point locations) and the Department for Road Construction and Transport (site permits, pre-paring municipal council resolutions concerning regula-tions on stopping and parking prohibitions, and putting up related signage).

The sequence until authorisations were granted was as follows: In a first step, the sites of the planned charging points were inspected. Then a detailed plan as well as a general plan had to be drawn up and submitted to the City Senate with the request to install a charging station.

Provided the request was approved, the charging point was installed and an agreement was concluded between the operator and the competent authority.

CEMOBIL tips

• Already before introducing E-mobility measures, the approval procedure has to be clarified in terms of » The time required for the approval procedure (in Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee this took about 18 months)

» Who will take over the costs for the installation and operation of the charging points and how to split these costs among the actors involved

» If and how the planned locations can be supplied with electricity

• To avoid that conventionally fueled vehicles use the parking space dedicated to E-vehicles for charging, full-surface ground markings should be provided.

Charging stations for E-vehicles in public space

A dense network of stations for charging e-vehicles is vital for a successful implementation of E-mobility in a city. The network of chargings points thus needs to be expanded continuously – also in public space.

Public charging stations for E-vehicles in Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee

© Helge Bauer


39

Integrated! Organisation and framework conditions


STRATEGy 4: INTEGRATED! ORGANISATION AND FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS

Training measures for E-mobility .................................................................................00

Amendment of legal framework conditions for E-mobility in new residential buildings ......................................00

New traffic concepts for Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee ......................................................00

Co-funding for the purchase of an E-vehicle – the Carinthian PPP-funding model .................................................00

Integration of stakeholders and opinion leaders .......................................................................00

page 40

page 41

page 42

page 43

page 44

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40



In co-operation with the Carinthian branch of öAMTC, the Austrian Automobile Club, CEMOBIL offered one-day trainings for all car dealers and repair garages on how to deal with E-vehicles. Dealing both with theory and prac-tice offered state-of-the-art knowledge on all aspects of E-mobility. Also future trends and developments were taken into consideration. This knowledge is not only of importance to the car clubs (breakdown services) but also to garages (maintenance and repair) and emergency organisations. They all need to know how to deal with this kind of mobility in their daily business and how to respond in dangerous situations. Also representatives from public or private fleets were offered the possibility to take part in the trainings.

Most frequently asked questions by traineesMembers of emergency organisations such as the fire brigades were primarily interested in what emergency responders need to do to protect themselves when a person is recovered from a car involved in an accident.This addressed mainly the location of the main fuse in the E-car to exclude the danger of electric shock caused by the high-voltage system. Another frequent subject in the trainings was the danger of fire posed by the batter-ies, depending on their design.

Training measures for E-mobility

For a full-fledged quality initiative, it is important to train those professional groups that need to be able to deal with E-vehicles in case of emergency, such as fire brigades and garages. With the knowledge gained, they are thoroughly prepared for dangerous situations.

© Stadt Klagenfurt a. Ws.

Training in cooperation with the the Automobile Club ÖAMTC Carinthia.

The batteries and the main fuses were of special interest in the trainings



41

This “regulation on parking space in new housings” sets out the number of parking lots that need to be provided in new housings or in their vicinity. Normally, the number of parking lots is defined per housing unit. In most cases, such legal requirements cannot be interpreted in a flex-ible way and there is criticism that – besides the high costs arising for housing developers - it encourages the use of conventionally fuelled vehicles.

To promote sustainable mobility, the Region of Carinthia pioneered in amending the “regulation on parking space in new housings” already in 2012 and adapted the Carinthian building regulation4 as follows:§18 (5) For projects falling under § 6 lit. a to c ( = those needing a building permit), the authority shall order – depending on the type, location, size and use of the building – the provision of children playgrounds, car parks, parking lots and E-charging stations for motor vehicles as well as the implementation of structural measures for disabled persons….”

Furthermore, the “regulation on parking space in new housings” was adapted to meet the increasing demand for E-mobility. It was passed by the City Senate on 1 Oct. 2014 and is now applied to all newly submitted building projects:

In 10% of all parking lots that need to be provided (at least one parking lot), structural provisions need to be made to install 230V/400V power connections for use as an E-charging station for motor vehicles (charging current 16A). This structural provision needs to be made in a such a manner that the actual installation of a charging station, if needed by the owner of the parking lot, does not constitute a significant change or extension (within the meaning of the electrical engineering law, 1992) of an electric equipment or installation (dimen-sioning of main cable, empty cable conduits, measuring device, data cable, voltage termination in the distribu-tor). Applicable are the requirements and definitions of the Austrian standard öVE öNORM EN 61851-1.

To avoid that conventionally fuelled vehicles use the parking space dedicated to E-vehicles for charging, full-surface ground markings should be provided.

4 Carinthian Building Regulation – Carinthial Law Gazette

80/2012, effective as of 1 Oct. 2012 , § 18, Official

Requirements

Amendment of legal framework conditions for E-mobility in new residential buildings

Charging E-vehicles at home is practical and easy to plan. Therefore, an important support measure is the integration of E-mobility in (residential) building projects. The Region of Carinthia assumed a pioneering role in this and amended the relevant legal framework conditions, notably the regulation on parking space in new housings (in German: Stellplatzrichtlinie).

© Fotolia/ArTo

42



To simulate the impacts of E-mobility on noise, air and greenhouse-gas emissions, the traffic route model (first edition 2005) was revised in the framework of the project CEMOBIL. The original traffic modal was up-dated both on the supply side (road graph) and on the demand side (origin - destination matrix).

This up-dated traffic model for the central region of Klagenfurt was calibrated for the City of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee and its surroundings for the period of 2009/2010 based on the data provided. Applying this, the annual average daily traffic volume was mapped for all road segments in the traffic model. The traffic and road data base was prepared in a GIS format for presen-tation. Building on this traffic model, it was complement-ed by regional and supra-regional transit traffic.

The path taken towards sustainability shall be further followed also beyond the project: Building on the “Energy Master Plan Carinthia” (E-Map – setting out that Carinthia should be energy self-sufficient and free from fossil and nuclear energy sources), the mobility master plan for Carinthia for the period up to 2035 is currently being developed.

The improvement of the accessibility of mobility offers, environmental friendliness, safety and the further development of sustainable and efficient mobility offers as well as an improved accessibility of Carinthian regions are in the focus of this integrated transport concept.

By 2035, the share of public transport in the modal split should be raised to 20%, and the share of cyclists and pedestrians should rise to 40%. At the same time, it is intended to reduce the share of motorised private trans-port from 60% to 40%.

The clear objective is to reduce pollutant emissions with the support of sustainable transport offers.The results and experiences gained through the project CEMOBIL will feed into this master plan.

New traffic concepts for Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee

By promoting E-mobility, transport routes are perceived more consciously by the population and, thanks to awareness raising measures, environmentally friendly options are chosen more often. Therefore, the shift to E-mobility requires the adaptation of existing traffic concepts to meet these changed framework conditions.

© IBV-Fallast

43

This funding model of the Region of Carinthia was devel-oped in the framework of the CEMOBIL project. It is unique in Austria in that also a private person can receive co-funding of up to 3,500 Euros.

The number of funding approvals is limited. The admin-istrative matters are handled by the International Project Management Agency Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee GmbH IPAK (a subsidiary of the City of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee).

The amount of co-funding per E-car is 12% of the sales price, with a maximum of 3,500 Euros.

Eligible for funding are E-cars first registered as well as demonstration cars (i.e. a vehicle with a first registration by a car dealer and only used for test drives) not older than one year and a mileage of less than 2,000 km.Vehicles with range extender and hybrid propulsion sys-tems are not eligible. The registered speed of the E-car has to be at least 80 km/h.

A charging box worth 1,400 Euros for private charging is included in the funding.

CEMOBIL tips

• Funding provisions require that the E-car is purchased by the IPAK and not by the applicant for funding. This was overlooked by some applicants and made their participation in the funding programme impos-sible.

• Initially, the funding model was linked to the purchase of a private PV plant or to the acquisition of shares of the civic PV power plan in Klagenfurt’s district Viktring. This rule was suspended in 2014. The option of buying a private PV plant for one’s own rooftop was much more attractive because the solar power generated could be used privately. Therefore, this option of the funding model was exhausted relatively quickly. Coupling the funding model with the civic PV power plant was met with less interest, mainly due to the required initial investment of 5,030 Euros and the long return of investment period of 13 years. Moreover, the underlying sale- and-leaseback contract was not easy to comprehend and resulted in numerous queries.

• Revoking the obligation to buy a share of the civic PV power plant has positive implications in terms of acceptance of the funding model.

Co-funding for the purchase of an E-vehicle: The Carinthian PPP-funding model

The Carinthian PPP (Public-Private-Partner-ship) funding model offers, for the first time, the possibility to receive public funds for the purchase of an E-car.

© CEMOBIL/Fotograf

€ 3,125,–for your participation in the Citizens‘ Power

Plant in Viktring

Up to € 3,500,–for your e-car

NEWgovernment support for

50 e-cars with PV Citizens‘ Power Plant

44



Contacts and co-operation on local level

Integration of local politicsThe integration of local politics is crucial as it is the direct link between public administration and the population. The project CEMOBIL was successful in including the local political level. Local politicians could be encouraged to test E-vehicles by themselves and thus to assume the role of opinion leaders.As many public administration employees were able to convince themselves of the advantages of E-mobility, many E-vehicles were purchased by the City of Klagen-furt itself (e.g. 2 E-cars purchased by the Office for Public Order). Moreover, plans are to increase the share of E-cars in the Region of Carinthia’s fleet to one third and, at the same time, to reduce it by one third, thus incentiv-ising the use of public transport for official trips.

Political support is, to a great extent, dependent on the emotional and political image attached to a subject such as electric mobility. The question of how strongly politics should be involved in the implementation of a project is always a balancing act. When dealing with international partners and regions, it is again essential to enjoy the backing of local political leaders and of the administra-tion.

Co-operation and synergies in the public administrationMany of the CEMOBIL project’s outputs can be well used by other departments, e.g. the traffic model is also an important instrument for the Department for Road Construction and Traffic.

Also important are the amended Carinthian building regulations and the “regulation on parking space in new housings”, which are used by the Department for Construction Law. Also the results of air quality and noise measurement performed with the newly acquired measurement container can be used by other depart-ments. The modelling of traffic scenarios as calculated by Graz University of Technology in the context of the CEMOBIL project, serves also as a tool for other depart-ments. The close co-operation between the departments of Klagenfurt’s administration was especially important in order to be able to install the infrastructure required for E-mobility. Workshops with local stakeholdersWithin the CEMOBIL project, workshops were held with relevant local stakeholders.Before introducing the E-taxis in Klagenfurt, a workshop was organised with representatives from the taxi busi-ness and from the Chamber of Commerce attending. The promotion of E-mobility in new residential building projects was discussed with property developers and E-mobility stakeholders.It can be concluded that it is important to bring together all relevant stakeholders to discuss the respective topic jointly with all actors. This helps to take forward the implementation of measures.

Integration of stakeholders and opinion leaders

As with all new initiatives, soliciting support from affirmative multipliers is vital also for the promotion of E-mobility. By integrating stake-holders and opinion leader both on regional and national level as well as on EU level, the impact and the level of awareness of a project can be considerably enhanced.

© EVUE-Project

45

Activation and integration of the national level

Given the different political responsibilities, the support given to a project can vary greatly between the local and the national level. This is reflected, for example, by the lack of appropriate stakeholders on a national level and the resulting lower impact on a national level. Without the support of stakeholders and opinion leaders, it is often impossible to present a project at international congresses due to financial limitations. Lobbyists on national level supporting the project’s and E-mobility interests would be necessary to remove these obstacles at least to some extent.

The International klima:aktiv mobil Conference in Vienna could be used as a platform to promote CEMOBIL among an international audience.

Establishment of a network on an international level

During the whole project period, there were numerous CEMOBIL activities to address cities and municipalities, ministries and further mobility actors and stakeholders as well as related projects across Europe and to build a joint network. Such an international network supports the exchange of hands-on knowledge for the implemen-tation of E-mobility on site. Moreover, it is important to jointly push forward possibilities for the development of policies that are favourable for E-mobility. Also, contacts established lead to further co-operation in EU-projects.Numerous stakeholders had the possibility of visiting the measures implemented on-site and of gaining an overall picture of the project.This allowed lively exchanges to take place with interest-ed persons and the knowledge gained to be transferred to possible follower regions. Among others, a delegation from Finland and E-mobility experts from the Nether-lands, Poland and Austria were welcomed in Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee.

On an international level, several activities were launched towards establishing a CEMOBIL network platform, such as:

A study trip to the E-mobility capital of Oslo and the visit to Oslo’s Transport Agency, to the Association of E-car Owners (ELBIL) and the Electric Vehicle Union as well as to the Institute for Transport Economics at the University of Oslo provided the opportunity to gain a many-sided insight into the Norwegian E-mobility success story.

In the framework of the New Mobility Congress in Leipzig and the GETEC in Freiburg, networking took place with representatives of projects from the initiative “Schaufenster Elektromobilität”, a key initiative for the implementation of the governmental programme on E-mobility.

Within the LIFE+-programme, a platform meeting on the topic “Alternative Mobility of the Future” was organised, enabling an exchange of experience of LIFE+-projects dealing with this matter.

In 2014, the project was presented to an international expert audience from cities, ministries and other groups of actors at the European Conference on Mobility Management (ECOMM) as well as at the CIVITAS Forum Conference.

Network meeting in Oslo, the world’s electric mobility capital

© Marion Schnitzler, FH Kärnten

46

Worth knowing! Accompanying research, monitoring and evaluation

What does the population think? ...................................................00

Electric mobility and road safety .....................................................00

What’s the opinion of the private test drivers? ................................00

Reduction in emissions by 85% - the study for CEMOBIL ...................................................................00

Economic impact of CEMOBIL ...................................................................................00

page 47

page 49

page 50

page 52


STRATEGy 5: WORTH KNOWING! ACCOMPANyING RESEARCH, MONITORING AND EVALUATION

page 53

46

47

With three survey rounds during the project lifetime, sig-nificant information could gathered on the populations’ perception of and attitude towards E-mobility and on the project itself. Based on these findings, an informed and targeted development of measures was possible to enhance the visibility of the project and to increase the knowledge on E-mobility among the population, such as poster campaigns in Klagenfurt, articles in newspa-pers and specialist media or presentations in schools and at fairs. These marketing activities spread the word on CEMOBIL in the whole of Klagenfurt and motivated people to try out an E-vehicle in order to experience the advantages of E-mobility for themselves.

The interviews were performed in Klagenfurt and its surroundings either personally, by phone or via online survey. The sample size in the different target groups was as follows:

The graph on the next page (Fig. 1, p 48) illustrates that the share of the general public considering themselves “well” informed on E-mobility has risen considerably. The number of people saying they are badly informed has, in turn, decreased remarkably.

Also 65% of companies interviewed considered themselves “very well” or “well” informed. More critical about their level of knowledge on E-mobility were the pupils and students, with only 50% feeling “very well” or “well” informed.

The share of the general public with a “positive” attitude towards E-mobility has decreased in the last five years. However, the number of people with a “rather negative” or “negative” attitude has also decreased (Fig. 2, p. 48). On the other hand, the share of people with a “rather positive” attitude has risen sharply too. This may be due to the better information of the population about E-mobility as meanwhile also the disadvantages of this technology are discussed openly.

What does the population think?

In the years 2011, 2013 and 2015, a broad-based E-mobility survey was conducted. To this end, interviews were held with persons from the general public, from companies and the taxi busi-ness as well as with pupils and students. The objective of the interviews was to learn about the level of knowledge on E-mobility, the knowledge on the CEMOBIL project and the interest in buying an E-vehicle of one’s own, so that findings from the survey could feed into the project’s marketing concept.

© FH Kärnten

Target group interviewed/year

2011 2013 2015

General public 145 145 165

Pupils/students 101 101 101

Companies 26 20 20

E-taxi drivers (from 2013) - 20 20

48



11.2 %10.5 %10.5 % 10.5 %6.3 % 6.7 %

4.2 % 3.5 % 1.8 %

52.4 %

36.4 %30.3 %

21.7 %

2011

2013

2015

very well well poor very poor not specified

43.4 %

52.1 %

In 2013 and 2015, the target groups were asked which factors would have the greatest influence when consid-ering to buy an E-car. In 2015, the battery range was the most important factor for the general public with 52%. Furthermore, the purchase price of an E-vehicle (50%) and the possibility to charge at home (35%) were men-tioned as strong arguments for purchasing.

For companies interviewed in 2015, the most important factors influencing a purchase decision were the price with 90%, followed by the battery range with 75%.

Among the taxi companies interviewed, the factors pur-chase price (70%) and battery range (65%) were most frequently mentioned.

If the pupils and students interviewed thought about the purchase of an E-vehicle, the factors battery range (about 73%) and the possibility to charge at home (about 66%) would be key to their purchase decision.

51.7 %

41.3 %39.4 %2011

2013

2015

positive rather positive rather negative negative not specified

2.1 % 0.7 % 1.2 %6.3 % 8.4 %

4.2 %7.7 % 9.8 % 7.9 %

32.2 %

39.9 %

47.3 %

Fig. 1: Source: CEMOBIL survey


Level of information regarding E-mobility

Attitude towards E-mobility

49

Links

Field test: E-car vs. conventional car (German)www.cemobil.eu/studies/KFV-VeSieEF_Auto.pdf

Field test: E-scooter vs. conventional scooter (German)www.cemobil.eu/studies/KFV-VeSieEF_Moped.pdf

To examine this issue, different technical parameters of E-mopeds and E-cars related to road safety were com-pared with those of the same vehicles with a combustion engine during field tests. One of the most important findings of the field tests was that the perception of E-vehicles at low speed by pedestrians was more difficult than of vehicles with engine noise. In terms of audibility, the abrasion noise from the tyres of E-vehicles was, in general, considered to be more helpful for the estimation of distance and speed by the observers than previously expected.

Some further quantitative differences in the driving behaviour between E-vehicles and conventional vehicles (cars and mopeds) could be observed. However, these were not very significant and should be controllable with increasing driving practice (“habituation”).

Also the study “SEEKING”5 (that performed “parcours tests” with E-mopeds, however, without performing measurements directly comparable to the ones made within CEMOBIL) came to the conclusion that there were no relevant differences in driving dynamics between E-mopeds and conventional mopeds, and that practice was a key for the safe handling of an E-moped.

5 SEEKING – safe e-biking. Driver behaviour with E-two-wheelers

with particular regard to road safety aspects. Research Projects

of the Austrian Traffic Safety Association. Serial no. 025

Electric mobility and road safety

E-vehicles are very silent compared to vehicles with a combustion engine. The silent operation of E-vehicles can entail road safety problems, since an approaching vehicle will be noticed only late by other road users. To find out more about this, the Austrian Road Safety Board (KfV) was commissioned with a study on road safety.

© KfV

Road safety tests with E-vehicles

© ÖAMTC

50



After the one-week test, each of the private test users was asked to fill in a questionnaire, which included questions regarding the usage of and the satisfaction with the electric vehicle, infrastructure and purchase intentions. In combination with the socio-economic data, which were also obtained via this questionnaire, the results of this test user survey delivered important information on how to increase the impact of the project, such as, for instance, the design of the charging infrastructure, funding incentives for a purchase, and the target group of potential buyers of electric vehicles.76% of the 1,123 test users who participated in the survey were male and 21% were female. 3% did not answer the gender question. 75% of the survey participants were older than 36 years.

The interim results of the evaluation can be summarised as follows: • The rental fleet of Klagenfurt included 9 different

vehicle models, ranging from small vehicles (e.g. Renault Twizy) to light-duty vehicles (e.g. Renault Kangoo).

• The favourite test vehicle in Klagenfurt was the Mitsubishi i-MiEV. It was used in 63% of all test drives.

• In total, almost 375,000 km were driven with the electric vehicles of the rental pool.

• On average, the test users drove 350 km in one week for the following purposes (Fig. 3, p. 51):

• For the majority of the test users (83%), the reason for the test drive was interest and curiosity, followed by environmental consciousness (59%) and the possibility of saving fuel costs (37%).

• The satisfaction regarding overall performance and suitability for daily use was very high. 85% of the survey participants were very satisfied or satisfied. The satisfaction regarding the range was much lower with only 42%. 12% of the survey participants had encountered one or more dangerous traffic situations. According to the test users, the main reason for these dangerous situations was the fact that pedestrians and cyclists did not hear them because of to the missing motor noise.

• 47% of the survey participants would potentially buy a (second-hand) electric vehicle, 42% would potentially use an E-car sharing scheme.

• About one third of the survey participants (30%) would not be willing to pay more for an electric vehicle than for a conventional vehicle. One out of five test users would be willing to pay up to 10% more, and 33% would be willing to pay up to 20% more (Fig. 4, p. 51).

• Generally, potential buyers of electric vehicles are mainly male, well-trained, living in Klagenfurt and between 36 and 45 years of age. Significant differences as compared to the group of “non-buyers” could only be noticed regarding gender.

What’s the opinion of the private test drivers?

During the period from March 2011 to August 2014, 1,123 private test users in total were asked about their experiences with electric vehicles. The aim of the survey was to find out which measures should be implemented by the City of Klagenfurt in order to further increase the usage of electric vehicles.


51

daily errands

commuting to work

business

leisure

66 %

52 %

27 %

61 %

CEMOBIL tips

• All municipalities should carry out monitoring and evaluation when implementing similar measures in order to be able to benefit from experience!

• It is best to use an online-tool, where the test users can provide their feedback in an easy and standard-ised way. This facilitates also the analysis of the data!

Purpose for which the CEMOBIL test vehicles were used

n = 1,123

would not pay more

10 % more

20 % more

30 % more

40 % more 2 %50 % more 2 %

no information 1 %

30 %

20 %

33 %

10 %

Willingness to pay more for an electric vehicle (compared to a conventional vehicle)

n = 1,123



52



regionalelectricity mix

Klagenfurt

300

250

200

150

100

50

electricity mixAustria

conv.prop.

– 52 %

– 85 %

t CO2 equivalent/year

regionalelectricity mix

Klagenfurt

160

60

20

Austrianelectricity mix

– 87 %

– 58 %

t CO2 equivalent/year

E-pr

opul

sion

conv

entio

nal p

ropu

lsio

n

For this eco-balance study, the carbon footprint of both the electric fleet and the substituted vehicles with inter-nal combustion engines was calculated and compared.For the assessment of the emissions from electricity gen-eration, two approaches were chosen. On the one hand, the calculation was performed based on the Austrian electricity mix according to Energy Control amounting to

370g CO2e/kWh and, on the other hand, based on the regional electricity mix of the City of Klagenfurt amount-ing to 25g CO2e/kWh. Thus, the electric fleet operated within the CEMOBIL project achieved a reduction in CO2 equivalent emissions by 57% when taking into account the Austrian electricity mix, and by 87% when using the regional energy mix for the calculations.In total, the CO2 equivalent emissions of the electric fleet in Klagenfurt add up to 132t per year. The fleet of vehicles with internal combustion engines which was substituted by these electric vehicles would create 274t CO2e/year. Thus, in total, the resulting reduction in emissions for the whole electric fleet is about 52%. If the calculation is based on the regional electricity mix of Klagenfurt, the emissions of the whole electric fleet are 40t CO2e/year, and thus the reduction in emissions achieved is 85%.

Reduction in emissions by 85% - the study for CEMOBIL

The sustainability of E-mobility and electric vehicles is frequently the subject of discus-sions. In order to be able to demonstrate the savings achieved by the electric fleet in terms of CO2 equivalents, a life-cycle analysis was conducted within CEMOBIL. This is an impor-tant argumentation aid also for other cities which would like to introduce or increase E-mobility

© Helge Bauer

Fig 6: Reduction in CO2 equivalent emissions achieved by the total electric

fleet in Klagenfurt when calculated with Austrian electricity mix. Source:

CEMOBIL survey, Forschungsgesellschaft für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen

und Thermodynamik mbH

Fig. 5: Reduction in CO2 equivalent emissions achieved by the CEMOBIL

electric fleet. Source: CEMOBIL survey, Forschungsgesellschaft für

Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik mbH

53

Economic impact of CEMOBIL

In addition to achieving positive environmental effects, investing in E-mobility can and should also support and strengthen the local economy. In CEMOBIL this was accomplished.


Regional economy boosted

Although the main aim of the CEMOBIL project was to reduce emissions which result from internal combustion engines and to reduce CO2 and noise, it is neverthe-less also worthwhile to monitor the economic benefits that are generated. This aspect was taken into account in CEMOBIL inasmuch as it provided a stimulus to the regional economy by increasing the demand for electric vehicles.

Economic impulses via the PPP funding scheme

In addition to the electric vehicles which were pur-chased in the context of CEMOBIL from local dealers, also the electric vehicles financed via the PPP funding scheme created economic impulses. Depending on the place of residence of the beneficiary, almost all of these vehicles were bought from dealers in Carinthia.

Increase in turnover through the sales of EVs

The majority of the electric vehicles procured within the CEMOBIL project were purchased from local vendors, whenever possible. Thus, the local dealers could not only generate additional sales, but they also acquired a lot of know-how on the specificities of electric vehicles through regular maintenance and service.

Trade shows and information events

The co-operation with local vehicle dealers included also joint stands at fairs and trade shows as well as informa-tion events, which were held in co-operation with the dealers and which often took place directly on their premises.

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Positive environmental effects

Promoting E-mobility results in a reduction of gasoline and diesel vehicles. This has a positive ef-fect by reducing air pollutant emissions stemming from the combustion of fossil fuels (PM10, PM2.5, NOX, PAHs). This is an important aspect, since car traffic has clearly been identified as being the main source of NO2, especially in Alpine valleys due to their location in basins. In addition, it is a contribu-tion towards achieving the Kyoto targets. Further-more, E-mobility contributes substantially towards reducing noise.

Public charging stations for innovative mobility

The utilisation rate of the public charging stations proves their necessity. On average, a charging station is in use 3 times a day for about 3.5 hours. The most frequently utilised charging stations served about 1000 charging cycles per year. From the recorded data it is evident that charging stations are used for top-up charging rather than for complete charging of the vehicle’s battery – the charging system recorded that, on average, the batteries of the charged vehicles were not completely empty. This corresponds to the anticipated mobility behaviour.

4. Summary

More than 5 years of intense commitment to introducing electric vehicles in the city and of acquiring invaluable experience: the Region of Carinthia and the City of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee take stock.

Innovative mobility in practice

55

E-mobility as a strategic planning unit

E-mobility consists not only of green electricity and electric vehicles, but it also comprises a dense network of charging stations and further infrastructure (E-car sharing, park & ride). But the sum of the parts still does not constitute E-mobility: As a strategic planning unit, E-mobility is a powerful traffic management tool and should therefore be accommodated at the regional traffic management departments, since it is impossible for a utility, for example, to develop a viable business model for the operation of a charging infrastructure. Furthermore, it is important that E-mobility should be within the purview of those responsible for the mobility system rather than of service providers.

Towards a changed mobility behaviour in a city

Information and awareness-raising are important elements when introducing E-mobility. A further next step towards behaviour change of urban road users is to reduce barriers to the personal use of electric vehicles. Test opportunities which allow the use of electric vehicles under various traffic conditions and for various purposes are essential. Together with incentives for the purchase and usage of electric vehicles, positive (test) driving experiences are key for promoting E-mobility in a city.

Raising awareness about electric vehicles as an innovative alternative

Electric vehicles are technically mature and can be used as fully-fledged vehicles. However, this fact has not yet trickled down completely to the general public and fleet owners. Scepticism about electric vehicles still needs to be counteracted by further awareness-raising measures.

4. Summary

56

E-mobility – What’s next?

SUMMARy

INNOVATIVE MOBILITy IN PRACTICE4

In order to sustainably establish E-mobility in urban regions, a long-term vision is necessary, and many elements are needed to achieve this. In Carinthia and in Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee, the following future measures are planned.

Further co-operation and networking on national and international level through the established Eu-ropean network. Every player in the field of E-mo-bility and everyone from other European cities who is interested in E-mobility is invited to exchange ideas and knowledge on the implementation of E-mobility in cities and to develop joint projects with the Region of Carinthia and Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee. The Zero-Emission Platform can be found at: » see link

Also after the end of the project CEMOBIL, site visits will be offered in order to provide other cities and regions with the opportunity to see the implemented measures on site. » see link

The requirements for the charging network are becoming more demanding and complex due to various mobility concepts (E-taxis, car sharing) and due to the technological advances in the automotive sector. In order to be able to tackle these require-ments also in the future, it is necessary to adapt the respective measures. This can be done, for example, by increasing the number of charging points at the participating sites and/or by identifying suitable loca-tions for quick charging stations along interregional routes. It is one aim of the initiative to support the linkage with public transport by providing the infra-structure for the “first and last mile”, and thus to broaden intermodal interchanges. E-mobility should be a big piece of the jigsaw in a sustainable overall mobility system.

Free parking of electric vehicles in the city will continue to be an incentive for the use of electric vehicles. The City of Klagenfurt will continue to dis-tribute the necessary “Environmental Sticker”.

E-car sharing: The first E-car sharing offer in the Capital City of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee was started in co-operation with the Region of Carinthia on 8 June 2015. On the campus of the Alpen-Adria University Klagenfurt, a Mitsubishi Zoe is available as a car sharing vehicle. Further car sharing stations are planned in Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee to extend this kind of service.

In order to include public transport in the E-mobility scheme, both the electric bus and the electric ship will continue their scheduled regular service.The amended building regulations and the regula-tion on parking space in new housings are imple-mented by property developers in order to promote the installation of charging points also in this sector.

Environmental monitoring will be continued in order to observe and document trends and developments.

The traffic scenarios which have been developed by Graz University of Technology will be utilised for the calculation of further and future noise and air scenarios beyond 2015.

Further awareness-raising measures are planned via the City’s own print media.

Links

Invitation to a site visit in Klagenfurt on Lake Wörtherseehttp://bit.ly/1WEASMx

Zero-Emission Platform

http://zero-platform.cemobil.at

57

Contacts

Project coordination:

Magistrat der Landeshauptstadt Klagenfurt am Wörthersee/ City of Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee Dr. Wolfgang Hafner Bahnhofstr. 35/II, 9020 Klagenfurt am Wörthersee [email protected] | www.klagenfurt.at

Project partners:

Amt der Kärntner Landesregierung/ Region of Carinthia, Department 7 - Economy, Tourism, Infrastructure and Mobility; Department A07 - Traffic and Public TransportGerald Miklin, MASMießtaler Straße 1, 9020 Klagenfurt am Wö[email protected] | www.ktn.gv.at

Fachhochschule Kärnten, Carinthia University of Applied SciencesFH-Prof. Mag. Hermine BauerEuropastraße 4, 9524 [email protected] | http://www.fh-kaernten.at

Forschungsgesellschaft Mobilität – Austrian Mobility Research FGM-AMOR g. GmbHMag.a Doris Wiederwald, Schönaugasse 8a/I, 8010 [email protected] | www.fgm.at

IAM Institute of Technology and Alternative MobilityGerald Miklin, MASWalther von der Vogelweide Platz 4, 9020 Klagenfurt am Wö[email protected] | www.ktn.gv.at

IPAK International Project Management Agency Klagenfurt on Lake Wörthersee GmbHDr. Wolfgang Hafner Neuer Platz 1, 9020 Klagenfurt am Wörthersee [email protected] | www.ipak-klagenfurt.at

Klagenfurt Marketing GmbH Mag. (FH) Anita Treffner Paradeisergasse 9, 9020 Klagenfurt am Wörthersee [email protected] | www.klagenfurtmarketing.at

Stadtwerke Klagenfurt AG, Mobilität / Public Utility Company KlagenfurtGernot Weiss Gabelsbergerstraße 50a, 9020 Klagenfurt am Wö[email protected] | www.stw.at

WSG Wörthersee Schifffahrt GmbH/ Lake Wörthersee Shipping CompanyFranz HuditzFriedelstrand 3, 9020 Klagenfurt am Wö[email protected] | www.woertherseeschifffahrt.at

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Link to this GuiDiEBook

www.cemobil.eu/docs/guidebook_EN.pdf

Innovation and courage

Political support

Use of public funds

Involvement of all actors

Broad range of E-vehicles

Convince target groups

E-mobility and personal driving experience

Charging without worries

Research on E-mobility

National and international networking

10 factors for the successful implementation of an urban E-mobility project

electrified! measures for promoting e-mobility

Documents