Electricity Supply

in Alaska

Electricity Supply

in Alaska

Frank Abegg, PE

Fairbanks, Alaska

April 2006

Frank Abegg, PE

Fairbanks, Alaska

April 2006

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Utilities 1,778 MW

Industry 822 MW

Defense 181 MW

TotalTotal 2,781 MW2,781 MW

Utilities 1,778 MW

Industry 822 MW

Defense 181 MW

TotalTotal 2,781 MW2,781 MW

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1,000

1,500

2,000

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500

1,000

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2,000

Alaska’s Electric Generating CapacityAlaska’s Electric Generating CapacityAlaska’s Electric Generating CapacityAlaska’s Electric Generating Capacity

Alaska’s Electric Capacity Utility & Non-Utility

Alaska’s Electric Capacity Utility & Non-Utility

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Installed Electric Utility Capacity (1960 - 1995)

Types of Power Generating Facilities Types of Power Generating Facilities in Alaskain Alaska

Types of Power Generating Facilities Types of Power Generating Facilities in Alaskain Alaska

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Alaska Electric Utilities MapAlaska Electric Utilities Map

Utility Power Output - 1995

(GWH/Year)

Region Hydro Oil Gas Coal Total

Southcentral 843 53 2,605 - 3,501

Southeast 614 101 - - 715

Yukon - 193 - 309 502

Arctic-NW - 106 55 - 161

Southwest 2 137 - - 139

Total 1,459 590 2,660 309 5,018

% Mix 29% 12% 53% 6%

Electric Supply Alternatives for

Industry in Alaska

• On Site Generation– Central Power Plant– Cogeneration Option (Heat and

Power)

• Electric Utility Transmission Grid

Electric Transmission Grid in Southcentral & Interior

Electric Transmission Grid in Southeast

Electric Utility Grid Connection

• Distribution Tap ( 4 MW Load) – 12 kV Line ~ $75,000 to $100,000/mile

• Transmission Tap (up to 40 MW) – 69 kV Line~ $250,000 to $300,000/mile

• Construction Time: Up to 5 years

• Permits: Right-of-Way (EA or EIS)

• Low Cost Financing ($/kWh)

•Anchorage & Fairbanks $0.11/kWh

•Juneau $0.10/kWh

•Nome $0.15/kWh

•Tok $0.23/kWh

•Ft. Yukon $0.28/kWh

•McGrath $0.36/kWh

Electric Utility Commercial Power Cost

On-Site Power Options

– Combustion Turbines

– Steam Turbines

– Alternative Energy• Wind, Hydro

– Emerging Technology• Fuel Cells, Micro-Turbines

– Diesels

2,000 kW Diesel Trailer Module

3,600 kW Diesel Generator

Diesel Power Plant

• Installation Cost = $200 to $400/kW • Operation & Maintenance • Fuel Options - Natural Gas or Fuel Oil• Fuel Use = up to 16 kWh per gallon • Heat Recovery Option• Permitting = General Permit or…

– PSD & BACT Possible (1- 2 years minimum)

• Size = 5 kW to 10,000 kW

Combustion Turbine with Cogeneration (Heat and Power)

Combustion Turbine Plant

• Installed Cost: $700 to $1,200/kW

• Operation & Maintenance

• Fuel: Natural Gas to Heavy Oil

• Fuel Use: Up to 13 kWh/gallon

• Cogeneration & Comb. Cycle Option

• Permitting: Construction & Operating– PSD & BACT Required (2 years)

• Size = 3 MW to 90 MW

Steam Turbines

Steam Turbine Plant

• Installed Cost: $1,500 to $4,000/kW

• Operation & Maintenance

• Fuel: Solid, Liquid, Gas

• Cogeneration: Up to 70% Efficient

• Permits: Construction & Operating– PSD and BACT Required (1-2 years)

• Size Range = 3 MW to 200 MW

Alternative Energy - Wind

Alternative Energy - Wind

Alternative Energy - Wind

• Installed Cost ~ $2,500/kW

• Operation & Maintenance

• Avg. Output: 25% of Rated Capacity

• Wind/Diesel Hybrid Option

• Site Wind ~ 15 mph (Average)

Cooper Lake Dam

Alternative Energy - Hydro

• Cost: $3,000 to $5,000/kW – Bradley Lake 120 MW @ $385 million– Old Harbor 500 kW @ $ 2.5 million

• Available Watershed – Mountain Lake (High Head)– River (Low Head)

• Permits: FERC Licensing

Emerging Technology - Fuel Cells

Emerging Technologies - Fuel Cells

• Commercial Size ~ Up to 250 kW• Installed Cost = $5,000/kW• Operation and Maintenance• Fuel: Natural Gas• Cogeneration: Up to 60% Efficient• Expected Operating Life ~ 50,000+ hours

Capstan 30 kW Micro Turbine

Emerging Technologies – Micro Turbines

• Commercial Size ~ Up to 30 kW• Installed Cost ~ $3,500/kW• Operation and Maintenance• Fuel: Natural Gas• Efficiency: 25%• Cogeneration: Up to 50% Efficient• Expected Operating Life ~ 12,000+ hours

Power Supply Selection Process

• Plan Ahead: Permits & Construction• Profile: Electricity and Heating Load• Define Criteria: Reliability, Life, etc.• Identify: Power Supply Alternatives• Evaluate: Life Cycle Costs

– Initial Investment, Cost of Capital– Fuel Supply, Operation & Maintenance

• Plan Ahead: Permits & Construction• Profile: Electricity and Heating Load• Define Criteria: Reliability, Life, etc.• Identify: Power Supply Alternatives• Evaluate: Life Cycle Costs

– Initial Investment, Cost of Capital– Fuel Supply, Operation & Maintenance