electricity supoply - security development geopolitics

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Electricity Supply

What it Means for Security, Developmentand Geopolitics

December 2014

Perspective Paper-

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BOARD OF DIRECORS

Te Honorable Gary Hart, Chairman

Senator Hart served the State of Colorado in the

U.S. Senate and was a member of the Committeeon Armed Services during his tenure.

Stuart Piltch

Stuart Piltch is the Co-Founder and Managing

Director of Cambridge Advisory Group, anactuarial and benefits consulting firm based inPhiladelphia.

Norman R. Augustine

Mr. Augustine was Chairman and Principal

Officer of the American Red Cross for nineyears and Chairman of the Council of theNational Academy of Engineering.

Robert B. Crowe

Robert B. Crowe is a Partner of NelsonMullins Riley & Scarborough in its Boston andWashington, DC offices. He is co-chair of the

firms Government Relations practice.

Brigadier General Stephen A. Cheney, USMC (Ret.)

Brigadier General Cheney is the Chief ExecutiveOfficer of ASP.

Lieutenant General Daniel Christman, USA (Ret.)

Lieutenant General Christman is Senior VicePresident for International Affairs at the UnitedStates Chamber of Commerce.

Lieutenant General John Castellaw, USMC (Ret.)

John Castellaw is President of the Crockett PolicyInstitute (CPI), a non-partisan policy and researchorganization headquartered in ennessee.

Nelson W. Cunningham

Nelson Cunningham is President ofMcLarty Associates.

Lee Cullum

Lee Cullum, at one time a commentator on thePBS NewsHour and All Tings Considered

on NPR, currently contributes to the DallasMorning News and hosts CEO.

Admiral William Fallon, USN (Ret.)

Admiral Fallon has led U.S. and Allied forces andplayed a leadership role in military and diplomaticmatters at the highest levels of the U.S. government.

Te Hon. Donald Beyer

Te Hon. Donald Beyer is the former UnitedStates Ambassador to to Switzerland and

Liechtenstein, as well as a former LieutenantGovernor and President of the Senate of Virginia.

Raj Fernando

Raj Fernando is CEO and founder of

Chopper rading, a technology based tradingfirm headquartered in Chicago.

Vice Admiral Lee Gunn, USN (Ret.)

Vice Admiral Gunn is the President of the

Institute of Public Research at the CNACorporation, a non-profit corporation in Virginia.

General Lester L. Lyles, USAF (Ret.)

General Lyles retired from the United States Air Force

after a distinguished 35 year career. He is presentlyChairman of USAA, a member of the DefenseScience Board, and a member of the PresidentsIntelligence Advisory Board.

Lieutenant General Claudia Kennedy, USA (Ret.)

Lieutenant General Kennedy was the first womanto achieve the rank of three-star general in the

United States Army.

Dennis Mehiel

Dennis Mehiel is the Principal Shareholder

and Chairman of U.S. Corrugated, Inc.

Ed Reilly

Edward Reilly is CEO of Americas of FDInternational Limited, a leading globalcommunications consultancy that is part of FIConsulting, Inc.

Governor Christine odd Whitman

Christine odd Whitman is the President of theWhitman Strategy Group, a consulting firm that

specializes in energy and environmental issues.

Te Hon. Jeffery Bleich

Te Hon. Jeffery Bleich heads the Global Practice

for Munger, olles & Olson. He served as the U.S.

Ambassador to Australia from 2009 to 2013. Hepreviously served in the Clinton Administration.


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Energy, development, and security are inextricably linketo one another- especially in rural and other communitiwithout access to a traditional power grid system.

While existing security concerns, governancechallenges and general instability present real barriers to

the generation and distribution of power, the absence ofreliable energy creates greater risks.

Fast-track models and similar micro-grid systemsare viable solutions for communities passed over bytraditional grids and must be part of the solution forpreviously electrified areas.

Going forward, policy makers will need to consider newand diverse technologies to generate and distribute powe

www.AmericanSecurityProject.org

In this Report:

Electricity: Te Catalyst for Change Te Challenges in Generating and Delivering Electricity

Innovative Solutions to Providing Reliable Power

Interact:

Join our discussion on witterwith the hashtag #ASPEnergySubscribeto our newsletter to learn more about ASP, our work, andupcoming events.

IN BRIEF

Electr

icitySupply
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AMERICAN SECURIY PROJEC

Electricity Supply:What it Means for Security,

Development & Geopolitics

Introduction

Te nexus of electricity, development and security issignificant, yet its nuances are too often overlooked.

American Security Projects half-day conference, Electricity

Supply: What it Means for Security, Development andGeopolitics, brought together development and energyexperts, government officials, business leaders, and policymakers to better establish these important linkages, sharesuccessful implementation strategies and consider howthese successes can be replicated in diverse contexts.

A reliable energy supply enables more effective food cultivation and storage, illuminates spaces foreducational and commercial activity, and supports the deliverance of other essential services. When thesecapabilities are consistent, economies and the communities they support have the opportunity to flourish.Consistent power generation and distribution also bolsters security efforts simply by being dependable,

whereas rolling blackouts contribute to turmoil and general instability. Rural and other communitiesthat are outside the scope of traditional grid systems are particularly vulnerable and in need of solutionsbetter suited to their needs.

Te Conference examined these relationships in greater detail, focusing particularly on the impacts ofaccessible power in diverse contexts, the risks to generating and distributing that energy and models thatsuccessfully mitigate those concerns.

Panel one, Electricity: Te Catalyst for Change, examined the foundational role of electricity forsustainable development and security. Te second panel, Te Challenges of Generating and Delivering

Electricity assessed the barriers to electricity posed by poor governance and instability and the workbeing done to mitigate these risks. Te concluding panel discussed strategies successfully for deliveringelectricity across diverse environments.


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Electricity: Te Catalyst for Change

Te afternoons first panel, Electricity: Te Catalyst for Change, brought together an array of developmentand security experts to highlight the importance of energy and electricity generation around the globe. Eachpanelist stressed the importance of reliable, sustainable electricity as means to bring about peace, security, andstability.

ModeratorJoanne rotter, a Senior Adjunct Fellow at ASP, began by noting that without access to electricity,developing countries will be unable to support flourishing communities and successful economies, a sentimentthat was continuously supported by all panelists.

Dr. Ryan Shelby, an Energy Engineering Advisor inUSAIDs Bureau for Economic Growth, Educationand Energy, continued by saying, Within USAIDone of our key focus areas is being able to help ourhost country partners really advance and make

this transition to an advanced economy. And ourview is that access to reliable and affordable energyparticularly in the form of electricity is one of thekey barriers that needs to be overcome to make[economic development] happen.

Electricity, both large and small-scale projects,is helping to build peace even across still very contentious borders, explainedHolly Dranginis, a policy analyst for the Enough Project. Dranginis illustratedthe potential role of electricity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the

Great Lakes Peace Process.

Electricity and economic development at large has become core to the peace building agenda...by first andforemost bring[ing] otherwise adversarial actors and parties to the tabledevelopment and profit is motivatingin a way that brokering a cease-fire or negotiating with rebels can not, she said.

Using hydropower projects in Central Africa, as an example, Dranginisnoted, Te difference between cooperation and destabilization is whetherthe projects actually benefit the local populationsIf [electricity] projectsare not touching the rights of youth and women, they will not facilitatepeace-building efforts.

Emphasizing the importance of electricity in the advent of climate changeand to spur economic development, Sasanka Tilakasiriof Oxfam stated,If we dont address climate change, we dont address poverty. 1.2 billionpeople dont have electricity. Tere is no chance that we can fight povertyor hunger without access to electricity.

Electricity and ecodevelopment at larbecome core to the

building agenda... by firforemost bring[ing] oth

adversarial actors and to the table develoand profit is motivatin

way that brokering a ceor negotiating with r

Holly Dranginis, Enough

r. Ryan Shelby

Holly Dranginis
http://www.americansecurityproject.org/about/staff/senior-fellows/joanne-trotter/http://enoughproject.org/staff/holly-dranginishttp://politicsofpoverty.oxfamamerica.org/2014/04/two-one-renewables-can-address-energy-poverty-climate-change/http://politicsofpoverty.oxfamamerica.org/2014/04/two-one-renewables-can-address-energy-poverty-climate-change/http://enoughproject.org/staff/holly-dranginishttp://www.americansecurityproject.org/about/staff/senior-fellows/joanne-trotter/


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Te majority of electricity-deficient people are the ruralpoor. Due to deficiencies in grids, it is hard to expandenergy access to rural areas. Tilakasiri noted, Large-scaleenergy wont reach out to the rural population. You needmore micro to affect more people65% of the energy

needs to come from the off-grid and micro-grid sources. Soit makes sense to look at the more decentralized projects.

Electricity bolsters security and stability efforts.Stability Operations specialist Mark KustraUSMC (Ret.) discussed the role oelectricity in Iraq and Afghanistan: If you dont have security, you dont havelectricity. If you dont have electricity, you dont have security. Iraq, Kustra saidhad a developed, centralized electricity system. In the wake of Saddam Husseinfall in 2003, the Iraqi people expected power when mass looting and violencresulted in intermittent power at bests, increasing tensions in an already conflic

laden environment.

However, maintaining electricity infrastructure and ensuring a sustainable suppof electricity in unstable regions is difficult. Unlike Iraq, Kustra noted, Afghanistadid not already possess a developed electricity grid, and lack of power was commonTerefore, in these hostile environments energy infrastructure becomes a baneto operate and requires neutrality and [partnership] with NGOs to provide andistribute a constant, reliable flow of electricity.

Large and small-scale electrification projects spur economic growth and development. Reliable access tpower supports stability and facilitates peace-building efforts in conflict-ridden regions such as the DRC

Iraq, and Afghanistan. Lastly, providing sustainable electricity supply to the rural poor, youth, and women of paramount importance for it will foster greater societal resilience, enabling these populations to grow in th

wake of the increasingly extreme impacts of climate change.

If we dontaddress climatechange, we dontaddress poverty.Sasanka Tilakasiri,

Oxfam InternationalSasanka Tilakasiri

Mark Kustra
https://www.americansecurityproject.org/about/staff/adjunct-fellows/mark-kustra/http://youtu.be/DilI3i_fpI4?list=PLpyYES0-ZubkD98wcz_sOjdABzm2TDZWKhttps://www.americansecurityproject.org/about/staff/adjunct-fellows/mark-kustra/


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Te Challenges in Generating and Delivering Electricity

Brian Rich, COO of APR Energy, moderated the afternoons second panel, Te Challengesof Generating and Delivering Electricity. Panelists Dante Disparte, CEO and Founder of TeRisk Cooperative,John Morton, Chief of Staff to the President of OPIC, and Faith Corneille,

Acting Director of the Office of Electricity and Energy Efficiency at US State Department,

discussed the risks posed by supplying power to communities surrounded by instability, andhow to mitigate these concerns successfully.

Poor governance structures and political and social instability certainly represent major barriersto generating and supplying electricity. While these factors do discourage some firms fromentering into the market, the panelists focused instead on the risks a lack of access to powergenerates.

Bad things happen in the dark, Disparte stated in hisopening remarks, summarizing not only the opening

panels directive of establishing the linkage betweenpower supply and security but also the vacuum createdby the absence of power.

Morton went further on the link between poverty, risk,and power tying US national interests into this nexus.Poor countries have a regime changes on average every7 years. Many of those regime changes are not very kindto us, our interests, and much less to the people in thecountries with the regime change. We have interests tosupport more stable democracies which means weneed to decrease poverty and power is a key aspect.

Te Energy Resources (EnR) Bureau looks to use energyas means to protect those interests. Corneille offeredinsight into the offices role touching on two importantbarriers to a stable power supply. Te EnR Bureaucame to fruition in terms of the recognition of thelinks between energy and national security, geopoliticalinfluence in conflict that emerges from energy. We canonly look at Russia and Ukraine as one example, to the

affordability and import dependency issues associatedwith the Caribbean as another example.

Bad thhappen in

dDante Disparte

Risk Coope

ohn Morton

Faith Corneille
http://www.aprenergy.com/brian-richhttp://www.americansecurityproject.org/about/consensus/members/dante-disparte/http://www.opic.gov/who-we-are/people/mortonhttp://www.opic.gov/who-we-are/people/mortonhttp://www.americansecurityproject.org/about/consensus/members/dante-disparte/http://www.aprenergy.com/brian-rich


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As panel one discussed, the importance of micro-grid systems to distributepower to rural communities cannot be overemphasized. Before turningit over to the audience for questions, APR Energys Brian Rich asked thepanelists to speak to some of the work being done to address the challengescompanies looking to participate in this space face.

Morton responded, [Te] first point about empty middle I totally agree with a couple of exceptions there have been a handful of companieslooking to service that space [where micro-grid systems are necessary]Tere is a movement afoot for more companies that are looking at thatspace. Tey realize it is the sweet spot in many emerging markets. Tesuccesses that [APR] and OPIC clients have had show that you can operatein that niche.

Morton went on to discuss how OPIC supports clients looking to bundlemicro-grid projects across rural areas through risk insurance and financing

options.

Disparte, a SME risk expert, also spoke to the opportunities micro-gridsystems and equally non-traditional models present for organizations like

APR Energy and others. I think the risk proposition forantiquatedapproaches is starting to shift in favor of alternativeswhere in somecases they carry a much smaller footprint, not unlike APRs approach,and they have the opportunity to connected distributed economies. Ruralelectrification is an attractive proposition. I think in some cases the riskin those approaches is lower than the traditional model. Te traditionalmodel is being upended.

Several audience questions touched onthe role of renewable energy sourcesgoing forward. Looking specifically atEnRs aim to support energy generationand distribution while furthering USinterests, Corneille discussed the criticalneed for market interventions to supportthe continued growth of renewableenergy in addressing climate change:

From a foreign policy perspective,we can give advice. We can try to steerinvestments towards clean energyinfrastructure. At the end of the day thepolicy makers in the foreign government

Dante Disparte

Poor countriesregime changes on a

every 7 years. Mthose regime c

are not very kindour interests, andless to the people

countries with the change. We have in

to support moredemocracies

means we need to dpoverty and power i

aJohn Morton


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have to also have the political will to make those decisions when they set their own renewable energy orclean energy targets, thats a much more helpful starting point because we are coming in to help them achievetheir own goals.

While there are real risks to generating and supplying power, especially in politically or socially unstableenvironment, the true risk lies in failing to ensure reliable energy sources and distribution systems. Bad things

really do happen in the dark.
http://youtu.be/DilI3i_fpI4?list=PLpyYES0-ZubkD98wcz_sOjdABzm2TDZWK


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has been number two. Its becoming more and more fact thatsustainability and low cost are becoming equivalent in terms ofsecond place, given EPAs regulations.

No matter which way you look at it, predicting gas prices hasbeen challenging, Ditzel said. He showed several graphs of the

AEO gas price range vs. the historical cost of gas, and showedhow predictive models fluctuated. He said that internationaldrivers, like flat global GDP growth, global shale gas boom, orthe restart of nuclear reactors by Japan or Germany could lowerinternational LNG prices.

o mitigate forecasting bias and price uncertainty, infrastructure to deliver gasshould be built. Tis would help remedy bottlenecks such as those seen duringthe polar vortex. Also, gas purchasers could mitigate risk by creating medium tolong-term purchasing contracts with producers. Other ways to mitigate risk include

investing in energy efficiency and renewable energy sources.

Reliability is anumber one. Histor

cost has been numberIts becoming mor

more fact that sustainaand low cost are beco

equivalent in tersecond place, given E

regulatKen Ditzel, FI Cons

Ken Ditzel
http://youtu.be/4yGDNxkU1lI?list=PLpyYES0-ZubkD98wcz_sOjdABzm2TDZWK


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ConclusionTe role of a reliable energy supply in fostering stability, peace, and economicgrowth is irrefutable. Economies, and the communities they support,cannot flourish without a stable energy source. Electricity Supply: What

it Means for Security, Development, and Geopolitics brought togetherdevelopment and security experts, policy makers, and business leadersto reaffirm the interdependent relationship between power, security, anddevelopment, examine the challenges of generating and supplying energyand discuss strategies that have successfully mitigated those concerns indiverse contexts.

While issues of security, governance, and general stability do present realconcerns to generating and distributing electricity, the risks created by anabsence of reliable power are much greater.

Rural and other communities outside the scope of traditional grids areoften those most at risk and in need of security assistance and economicdevelopment. Teir acute needs make micro-grid systems increasingly vitalto their sustainable economic and security development.

Going forward, policy makers will need to consider new and diversetechnologies to generate and distribute power. Doing so will enablecomprehensive economic development and is a vital component inaddressing security challenges.
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpyYES0-ZubkD98wcz_sOjdABzm2TDZWKhttps://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/american-security-project/id886390576


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Further Reading

Electricity: Te Catalyst

Te Green Side of Energy Security

elling the Story of (US)Aid

What the Fight for Foreign Aid Funding is Really About

About the Sponsor

APR Energy is a global leader in rapidly delivered large-scale power solutions and, following

its purchase of GEs power rental business, is the worlds leading provider of fast-track mobileturbine power. APR Energy sells electricity and generation capacity to utility and industrialcustomers that have critical power deficits or that require dedicated, distributed, or seasonalgeneration solutions. Trough its use of highly mobile, turnkey power plants, APR Energydelivers, within weeks, large blocks of power that can run entire cities. APR Energy hasinstalled over 2.5GW of generation capacity across more than 25 countries, providing reliablepower that helps promote economic growth, socio-political stability, and an overall improvedquality of life. For more information, visit APR Energys websitewww.aprenergy.com.

Introductory Video Credit: Te Square, produced by Noujaim Films
https://www.americansecurityproject.org/electricity-the-catalyst/https://www.americansecurityproject.org/the-green-side-of-energy-security-eu-event/https://www.americansecurityproject.org/diplomacy-and-development-series-understanding-the-link/http://www.americansecurityproject.org/what-the-fight-for-foreign-aid-funding-is-really-about-asp/http://www.aprenergy.com/http://www.aprenergy.com/http://www.americansecurityproject.org/what-the-fight-for-foreign-aid-funding-is-really-about-asp/https://www.americansecurityproject.org/diplomacy-and-development-series-understanding-the-link/https://www.americansecurityproject.org/the-green-side-of-energy-security-eu-event/https://www.americansecurityproject.org/electricity-the-catalyst/


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Speaker Biographies

Joanne rotter is an Adjunct Senior Fellow of ASP and is an independentconsultant and advisor. She supports the design, implementation andassessment of innovative programs and partnerships that promote inclusiveand sustainable development. Joanne is particularly focused on fragile andconflict-affected settings, and on a range of issues including sub-national andparticipatory governance, youth, education, and agricultural livelihoods.Between 2004 and 2013, Joanne worked with the Aga Khan Foundation(AKF), as the Director of Programs in the US office and prior to that, asthe Head of External Relations and Grant Management in the Afghanistanoffice. She led the Foundations engagement with donors including Europeanand US Governments, private, philanthropic and multi-lateral agencies. She

was responsible for securing resources to support program implementation,coordinating sector interventions in the rural livelihoods program, anddeveloping organizational strategies for learning, communications, and

policy engagement.Prior to joining AKF, Joanne worked extensively in Latin America, focusedon education and capacity building, particularly for marginalized youthand educational institutions. She obtained her Masters of Science inInternational Development from the University of Bath, UK, with a specialfocus on citizenship, civic education and governance.

Faith Corneille joined the U.S. Department of States Bureau of EnergyResources (ENR) as Deputy Director for the Office of Electricity and En-ergy Efficiency (EEE), where she has served as Acting Director for more

than two years. She is responsible for coordinating ENRs analysis of globalpower sector issues and involvement in issues related to electricity markets,power sector reform, energy finance, and the advancement of lower carbonpower technologies and energy efficiency. She manages implementation ofthe Presidential initiative Connecting the Americas 2022, and the EEE officesupports Power Africa, the U.S.-Asia Comprehensive Energy Partnership,and other bilateral and multilateral energy policy dialogues.

From 2005-2011, Mrs. Corneille served as the Energy Officer for the Bureauof Western Hemisphere Affairs (WHA) Bureau where she managed WHAsinvolvement in Presidential initiatives including the Energy and Climate

Partnership of the Americas and U.S.-Brazil Biofuels Cooperation. Mrs.Corneille also served as Executive Assistant to Assistant Secretary Roberta

Jacobson from July-November 2011. She entered federal government asa Presidential Management Fellow and held assignments in developmentfinance for Latin America and the Caribbean; U.S. Embassy New DelhisEconomic Section; and the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law En-forcement Affairs Colombia program. Prior, she worked for the Carter Cen-


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ters Latin American and Caribbean program in Atlanta, Georgia. Mrs. Corneilleearned masters degrees in Public Administration and International Relations fromTe Maxwell School of Syracuse University. Her undergraduate degrees are inInternational Relations and Spanish with a minor in Environmental Conservationfrom the University of New Hampshire.

Dr. Ryan Shelby is an Energy Engineer for the Bureau of Economic Growth,Education, and Environment. He works on energy access, power sectorreforms, technical designs, due diligence, & business models for micro-grids,mini-grids and small scale grids in Sub Saharan Africa and other emergingregions to support USAID Missions, the Powering Agriculture Energy GrandChallenge for Development and the Power Africa initiatives being undertakenby USAID. Prior to his current position at USAID, Dr. Shelby was a MillenniumChallenge Corporation Science, echnology, & Innovation Fellow focused onthe design and implementation of mini- and micro-grids to aid the expansionof modern electricity services in six Sub Saharan African countries: Sierra Leone,

Liberia, Ghana, Benin, anzania, and Malawi. Prior to his position at MCC,Dr. Shelby was a dual J. Herbert Hollomon and Christine Mirzayan Science& echnology Policy Fellow within the National Academies that focused onengineering education in the US and the application of system engineering topeace building initiatives in Haiti, Kenya, and Libya as a fellow in the ProgramOffice of the National Academy of Engineering supporting the NAE & U.S.Institute of Peace Roundtable on echnology, Science & Peacebuilding.

Holly Dranginis is a Policy Analyst for the Enough Project, focused on theDemocratic Republic of Congo and the Lords Resistance Army. Prior to joining theEnough Project, she interned for the United States Mission to the United Nations

and the prosecution team on the Charles aylor case in Te Hague. She helpeddefend two death row inmates, conducting extensive mitigation investigations inexas and successfully litigate a case against the government of Guatemala beforethe Inter-American Court of Human Rights involving forced disappearances andtorture.Before law school, Holly was a Program Director at Insight Collaborative andspent a year in Northern Uganda where she facilitated the work of InternationalCriminal Court intermediaries and piloted a violence prevention program in war-affected primary schools in the North. She also worked as a consultant to former-ICC Chief Prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo, and interned at the International

Criminal ribunal for the Former Yugoslavia.From 2006-2007, Holly was a Fulbright Scholar in Guatemala where sheinvestigated criminal trials, reparations, and truth-telling mechanisms relatedto Guatemalas genocide. Holly holds a J.D. from the University of California,Berkeley, School of Law, and a B.A. in International Relations and History fromConnecticut College. She speaks Spanish.


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Sasanka Tilakasiri,is Oxfam Internationals economic justice policy lead forinternational financial institutions, leading the Confederations advocacy effortstoward the World Bank Group and IMF on the issues of climate, energy, landand agriculture policy. He also co-led the development of Oxfams energy policy.He received a Master of Natural Systems Engineering from the Universityof Western Australia in 2008 and a Bachelor of Chemical Engineering from

Curtin University of echnology in 2002, and has worked in environmental,climate and energy policy and projects in the Australian mining sector. Priorto joining Oxfam he worked at Te Energy and Resources Institute (ERI)in New Delhi, working on domestic climate policy and distributed ruraloff-grid renewable energy projects, as well as the international UNFCCCnegotiations.

Mark Kustra is a former United States Marine Officer with over 23 years ofoperational experience serving in positions from the tactical to the strategiclevels of Defense. Troughout his life, to include his childhood and career,

he has lived and worked in Asia for over 17 years.Most recently he worked as a Strategic Analyst in the Marine Corps StrategicInitiatives Group where he looked at a range of issues related to future trendsand threats to global stability and requirements to meet them. As a memberof the Afghanistan Pakistan Hands Program he served as a governance anddevelopment advisor in Marjah District, Helmand Province, Afghanistan.Prior to this, Mark served as the Director of Joint Operations, Joint USMilitary Advisor Group-Tailand where he served on the Country eam andsuccessfully provided training initiatives with Tai security forces focusedon peacekeeping, counter narcotics, counter terror, counterinsurgencyoperations, and disaster relief. In addition to working in Tailand and

Afghanistan, Mark has served in numerous other assignments in Asia(Republic of Korea and Japan) and the Middle East as well as Africa. He has

worked in command and staff assignments from the platoon to the Divisionlevel as an Infantry and Reconnaissance Officer and has deployed in supportof operations in Kuwait, Somalia, Iraq, and Afghanistan as well as numerousother contingencies throughout the Indo-Pacific region.He also worked within the US Marine Corps Program and ResourceDepartment as a Program Coordinator in which his focus was to analyzethe Program of Record and ensure that it was aligned with existing strategicguidance as well as forecasting the potential impacts of new strategic guidance

like the Quadrennial Defense Review.

Brian Rich brings over 20 years of international energy and utilityinfrastructure experience to his role as COO at APR Energy. Prior to joining

APR Energy, Mr. Rich was Chief Financial Officer of Lebara Ltd, a $1billion telecommunications company based in London and earlier served asChief Executive Officer, AES Africa Power Corporation, where he managed

AES Corporations fully integrated utility in Cameroon, generation assets in
mailto:http://politicsofpoverty.oxfamamerica.org/2014/04/two-one-renewables-can-address-energy-poverty-climate-change/mailto:http://politicsofpoverty.oxfamamerica.org/2014/04/two-one-renewables-can-address-energy-poverty-climate-change/mailto:http://politicsofpoverty.oxfamamerica.org/2014/04/two-one-renewables-can-address-energy-poverty-climate-change/


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Nigeria, and business development throughout the region. Mr. Rich also held seniormanagement positions in Moscow, Russia, as Senior Vice-President, Chief FinancialOfficer and reasurer of NASDAQ-listed Golden elecom, Inc., and in Hong Kongas Chief Financial Officer of Mirant Corporations International power businesses.Mr. Rich holds his Bachelor and Juris Doctor degrees from ulane University in NewOrleans, Louisiana. Mr. Rich has served APR Energy as Senior Vice President of

Business Development since 2012.

Dante Disparte is the founder and CEO of Te Risk Cooperative, a strategy, riskand investment advisory firm focusing on mid-market opportunities and equityinvestments on a global scale.Prior to forming Te Risk Cooperative, Mr. Disparte served as the Managing Directorof Clements Worldwide, a leading insurance brokerage with customers in more 170countries. Mr. Disparte is a specialist in strategy and risk reduction through the designand delivery of comprehensive risk solutions of worldwide scope. He is credited withdesigning the worlds first card-based life insurance program for the United Nations, a

plan that has placed more than a half billion USD of risk with the markets in more than150 countries. Tis innovation was heralded as one of the top product innovationsof 2011 by the MENA Insurance Review. Mr. Disparte serves as the Chairman ofthe board of the Harvard Business School Club of Washington, D.C., and on theglobal alumni board. He is a founding member of the Business Council for AmericanSecurity and an advisory member with the American Security Project.He was formerly the Managing Director of Land Rovers operations in 32 Sub Saharan

African markets and held numerous general management roles in Denmark, wherehe developed applied skills in social entrepreneurship. Mr. Disparte is credited withdeveloping a humanitarian fleet management solution that is proven to reduce the

economic, environmental and social impact of humanitarian operations. Tis body ofwork is profiled in a business case published by INSEADs Social Innovation Centre.He served on the board of directors of Kjaer Group A/S, one of the top 10 workplaces inEurope and the top workplace in Denmark for 4 years and currently serves on the boardof Communities in Schools Nations Capital. He is conversant in 6 languages and haspublished numerous articles on the subject of risk, strategy and business effectiveness.

A graduate of Harvard Business Schools Program for Leadership Development, Mr.Disparte holds a degree in International and Intercultural Studies from GoucherCollege and a MSc. in risk management from NYUs Stern School of Business.

John E. Mortonbrings more than fifteen years of experience in emerging markets,and environmental and economic policy. Prior to joining OPIC, John Morton wasManaging Director of the Pew Economic Policy Group at Te Pew Charitable rusts.Te Economic Policy Group focused on developing and promoting solutions to issuessuch as the growing U.S. deficit, the changing regulatory system in financial markets,and trends in economic mobility in the American middle class.Prior to joining Pew, Mr. Morton served as director of National Security Policy for the

John Kerry presidential campaign, where he coordinated the development of policyconcerning Afghanistan, Russia and the former Soviet states, Africa, and on issues


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Ken Ditzelis a Managing Director at FI where he has over fifteen years of experienceadvising clients in the power generation, coal, oil and gas, biofuels, and manufacturingindustries. Mr. Ditzel specializes in developing, examining, and planning aroundfuture scenarios for natural gas, coal, oil, and electricity markets under a range oftechnology, policy, and economic environments. He has used scenario analysisin the context of portfolio analysis, asset acquisition / divestment, technologyassessments, policy analysis, M&A due diligence, and corporate growth strategies.

Te implication of global fuel markets on domestic markets has played a major rolein Mr. Ditzels work. In March, he testified before the US House of RepresentativesSubcommittee on Energy and Power regarding the economic impacts of liquefiednatural gas (LNG) exports on natural gas prices and the manufacturing sector.Before FI, Mr. Ditzel was a Principal at Charles Rivers Associates and an

Associate at Booz Allen Hamilton. Prior to consulting, Mr. Ditzel was a powerplant engineer for the Dow Chemical Company at two cogeneration plants inexas. Mr. Ditzel has a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University ofVirginia and an MBA from Georgetown University.

About the AuthorsMaggie Feldman-Piltch (@MaggieCaroline1) focuses on trade and economicdevelopment at American Security Project. She is a recent graduate of WesleyanUniversity where she completed an independently designed major in Teoriesof Ethics in Capitalism and earned Honors in General Scholarship for her se-nior thesis entitled Te Human Rights Obligations of States and Firms: AnEconomic Analysis of Law. She is passionate about the role of non-state actors,specifically firms, in driving human development and economic progress. Duringher undergraduate career, she was the founding captain of the Wesleyan Cheer-leading eam, a Jewish Community Programming Fellow, and a founding sister

and multi-term board member for Rho Epsilon Pi Sorority. Maggie is also a clas-sically trained coloratura soprano and West Wing aficionado.

Caroline von Wurden(@CarolineWurden) is a recent graduate of the Universityof California, Berkeley, and is originally from Los Alamos, New Mexico. Shereceived a B.A. in physics and has published seven scientific papers on her researchat Los Alamos National Laboratory and the ALPHA Antihydrogen Collaborationat UC Berkeley. During her undergraduate career she was a founding captain ofthe Cal Quidditch team and developed the referee certification process for theInternational Quidditch Association. She is currently a Fusion Energy ResearchIntern at ASP.

Sophia Dahodwala (@Fjords21) is the Development and National Securityresearch intern at ASP. She is a senior in the Elliott School of International Affairs,pursuing undergraduate degrees in Security Policy and Geography. Sophiasstudies have focused on the geopolitics of Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan, andin fostering security and development through hazard and disaster management.
http://www.linkedin.com/pub/maggie-feldman-piltch/44/b29/501/http://www.linkedin.com/pub/caroline-wurden/83/156/874/http://www.linkedin.com/pub/sdahodhttp://www.linkedin.com/pub/sdahodhttp://www.linkedin.com/pub/caroline-wurden/83/156/874/http://www.linkedin.com/pub/maggie-feldman-piltch/44/b29/501/


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Te American Security Project (ASP) is a nonpartisanorganization created to educate the American public and the

world about the changing nature of national security in the 21stCentury.

Gone are the days when a nations security could be measuredby bombers and battleships. Security in this new era requiresharnessing all of Americas strengths: the force of our diplomacy;the might of our military; the vigor and competitiveness of oureconomy; and the power of our ideals.

We believe that America must lead in the pursuit of our commongoals and shared security. We must confront internationalchallenges with our partners and with all the tools at our disposaland address emerging problems before they become security

crises. And to do this we must forge a bipartisan consensus hereat home.

ASP brings together prominent American business leaders,former members of Congress, retired military flag officers,and prominent former government officials. ASP conductsresearch on a broad range of issues and engages and empowersthe American public by taking its findings directly to them viaevents, traditional & new media, meetings, and publications.

We live in a time when the threats to our security are as complex

and diverse as terrorism, nuclear proliferation, climate change,energy challenges, and our economic wellbeing. Partisanbickering and age old solutions simply wont solve our problems.

America and the world - needs an honest dialogue aboutsecurity that is as robust as it is realistic.

ASP exists to promote that dialogue, to forge that consensus, andto spur constructive action so that America meets the challengesto its security while seizing the opportunities that abound.

www.americansecurityproject.org

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