electricity - prince edward island · circuit electricity in this unit, we will cover: ... electric...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Electricity Part 1: Static Electricity
![Page 2: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Atoms are made up of charged particles.
Atoms are made of 3 subatomic particles: protons, electrons and neutrons.
Introduction: Atoms
Protons
(+) Charge
Neutrons
(-) Charge
Electrons
No Charge
![Page 3: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction: Atoms
Protons
(+) Charge
Neutrons
(-) Charge
Electrons
(-) Charge
Normally, the number of protons (+) equals the number of electrons (-) and there is no charge.
If there are more protons (+) than electrons (-) the material will have a positive charge.
If there are less protons (+) than electrons (-) the material will have a negative charge.
![Page 4: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Electrons can leave their atoms.
Electrons can easily move, but protons cannot.
Moving Charges
When a material loses its electrons, it develops a (+)
charge
When a material gains electrons, it develops a (-) charge
![Page 5: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Electrons can leave their atoms.
Electrons can easily move, but protons cannot.
Moving Charges
When a material loses its electrons, it develops a (+)
charge
When a material gains electrons, it develops a (-) charge
This causes uncharged objects to become (+) and (-) charged
We say the materials have developed a static charge
-
+
![Page 6: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Static Charge When two charged objects are placed near
each other, they exert a force on each other.
If objects have different charges, they attract.
If objects have the same charge, they repel.
![Page 7: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Objects can be statically charged in 3 ways:
Charging By Friction
Static Charge
When two objects rub together, one object loses electrons and the other gains electrons.
++- -
+- +
- -
+- -
- ++
+negative
Positive
![Page 8: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Objects can be statically charged in 3 ways:
Charging By Contact
Static Charge
When a charged object touches a neutral object, the (-) charges move by direct contact.
++-
- - -
- -
- - -
-
negative
![Page 9: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Objects can be statically charged in 3 ways:
Charging By Induction
Static Charge
When (-) charges separate without contact and are then pulled away from an object.
- +- +-
-
- -
+- +- -
+- +-
- +
- +-
Positive
![Page 10: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Static Charge Charging by contact explains why you get shocked when you touch a metal object.
When you walk across the carpet, you cause
electrons to move from the carpet to the rubber
soles of your shoes.
This creates a build up of excess electrons,
giving your shoes and your body an overall (-)
charge.
When you touch a conductor, like a metal doorknob, the electrons “jump” over to the metal,
giving you a shock!
- -
- - - - -
- -
![Page 11: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Lightning Lightning is simply a large scale version of what happens when you get shocked by a doorknob.
![Page 12: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Lightning 1 In a cloud, there are (+) and (-) charges.
There are equal numbers of each.
- +
+
+
+-
- -
![Page 13: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Lightning 2 Wind and gravity separate the charges, with the
heavier (-) charges going to the bottom.
++ ++
- - - -
![Page 14: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Lightning 3
++ ++
Due to induction, the (-) charges in the cloud repel the (-) charges in the ground to move down.
- - - - - - ++++++
- - - -
![Page 15: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Lightning 4
++ ++
++++++
Now the ground has a (+) charge. The (+) charges in the ground attract the (-) charges in the cloud.
- - - -
![Page 16: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Lightning 5
++ ++
++++++
When the difference is big enough, the (-) charges move from cloud to ground, causing lightning!
![Page 17: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Lightning 6
![Page 18: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Any Questions?
![Page 19: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Electricity Part 2: Current Electricity
![Page 20: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
1) What Is Current? 2) Electrical Circuits 3) Types of Circuits 4) Current 5) Voltage
Circuit Electricity
In this unit, we will cover:
![Page 21: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Static electricity cannot make TVs and light bulbs work.
This is because static electricity only carries a very limited amount of electric charge.
Introduction
To be useful, we need a constant flow of electric charges
This flow is called electric current
![Page 22: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Electric current is the flow of electrons through a conductor, such as a wire.
Current
The electrons come from a source like an electric cell, or a battery.
![Page 23: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Current
The electrons leave the cell at the negative (-) terminal
![Page 24: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Current
The electrons get pushed through the wires along a path
![Page 25: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Current
The electrons then return to the cell at the positive (+) terminal
![Page 26: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Current
While they flow around the wire, they transfer energy to things
![Page 27: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
In order for charges to flow, there must be a closed path, or loop.
Electric Circuits
This path is called an electric circuit
Electric current is the flow of electrons through a conductor, such as a wire.
![Page 28: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Circuits can either be open or closed:
No continuous path: electrons can’t flow
Open
Continuous path: electrons can flow
Closed
Open and Closed
![Page 29: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
All circuits have certain basic components:
Electric Circuits
Cell Wires
Switch Device(s)
![Page 30: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams.
Drawing Circuits
Circuit Diagram
![Page 31: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Circuit Diagrams Circuit diagrams are used to represent the
parts of a circuit in a simple way.
Circuit Symbols
![Page 32: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
There are 2 major types of simple circuits:
Only 1 path for the current to take.
Series Circuit
Types of Circuits
Each device is wired on a single
path.
![Page 33: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
There are 2 major types of simple circuits:
Simple to build
Series Circuit
Types of Circuits
If one device stops working, they all do
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
![Page 34: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
There are 2 major types of simple circuits:
More than 1 path for the current to
take.
Parallel Circuit
Types of Circuits
Each device has its own connection
to the cell.
![Page 35: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
There are 2 major types of simple circuits:
If one device stops working, the others
stay working
Types of Circuits
Complicated to build
DISADVANTAGES
Parallel Circuit ADVANTAGES
![Page 36: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Electrons flow through electrical circuits.
Current is the amount of electric charge that flows through a circuit in a given time.
Current
Current is measured in amperes (amps)
Current is measured with a device called an
ammeter
Series
![Page 37: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
The current changes
depending on the number of cells
The current changes
depending on the number of components
Changing Current
![Page 38: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Current In A Series Circuit
In a series circuit, the current is the same every place in the circuit!
4 A ? A
? A
![Page 39: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Current In A Parallel Circuit
6 A ? A
? A
? A ? A
In a parallel circuit, the current is the splits up between the different loops
![Page 40: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Only 1 path
Series Circuit
Multiple paths
Parallel Circuit
Summary: Current
Current stays same Current splits up
6A 6A
6A 6A 2A 2A 2A
![Page 41: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Electrons can only flow if they have energy.
Voltage is a measure of how much energy each electron has in a circuit.
Voltage
Voltage is measured in volts (V)
Voltage is measured with a device called a voltmeter
Parallel
![Page 42: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
The voltage changes
depending on the number of cells
The voltage changes
depending on the number of components
Changing Voltage
![Page 43: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
V
V V
Voltage In A Series Circuit
6 V
The 3 bulbs are the same
? V 2 V
![Page 44: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
V
V
Voltage In Parallel Circuit
6 V
? V
? V
6 V
6 V
![Page 45: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Series Circuit Parallel Circuit
Summary: Voltage
Current stays same Current splits up
6A
6A
6A 6A 2A 2A 2A
Voltage splits up Voltage stays same
3V
3V
6V 6V 6V 6V 6V
![Page 46: Electricity - Prince Edward Island · Circuit Electricity In this unit, we will cover: ... Electric Circuits Cell Wires Switch Device(s) We draw electrical circuits using simple diagrams](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062914/5e5cfb0224393b45643e2aaa/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Any Questions?