electricity notes - ms. braniff's...

Electricity Notes

Name:____________________________________ Hr:__________

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Guided Outline 13-1 Electric Charge

Directions: As you read through Chapter 13 in your textbook, fill in the missing information.

I. Section 1: Electric Charge

A. Positive and Negative Charge

1. Atoms contain 3 particles: _____________, ______________ and ______________

2. Protons have a _______________ charge

3. Neutrons have a ______________ charge

4. Electrons have a ______________ charge

5. An object is electrically neutral when the amount of

____________ equals the amount of ___________.

6. Static Electricity

Define:_____________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

The law of conservation of charge states: _________________ ___________________________________________________

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Charges exert forces.

a. Opposite charges ________________

b. Like charges _______________

c. The amount of electric charge depends upon:

1.________________________ As ______________ increases between objects, the force decreases. 2. _______________________ The force increases when the amount of charge ___________________

d. The strength of an electric force is much ______________________ than the gravitational force.

e. Example of electric forces

Describe how the getting a shock from touching a door knob is an example of electrical forces.

B. Conductors and Insulators

1. Conductors

a. Define:____________________________________________

b. Best Examples:______________________________________

2. Insulators a. Define:____________________________________________

b. Best Examples:______________________________________

C. Charging Objects

1. Charging by contact a. Describe:___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

b. Example:

2. Charging by Induction a. Describe:___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

b. Example:

3. Lighting

a. What is it?

b. How does it happen?

c. How often does it occur on earth?

4. Thunder

a. What is it?

b. How does it happen?

5. Grounding

a. Why use it?

b. Where is it used?

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D. Section 13-1 Summary

Positive and Negative Charge

There are _________types of charge: ____________ and ____________

Electric charges can be ________________ between objects but cannot be

____________________ or __________________.

Like charges _____________ and unlike charges _____________.

An electric charge is surrounded by an _______________________ that exerts

_______________ on other ____________________.

Electrical Conductors and Insulators

A ________________ contains electrons that can move easily. The best ________________

are _________________.

The electrons in an electrical _______________________ do not move easily.

___________________, __________________ and most plastics are examples of

____________________.

Charging Objects

Electric change can be _____________ between object by bringing them into _____________.

Charging by _____________________ occurs when the electric ________________ around a

charged object ___________________ electrons in a nearby _________________ object.

1. Define Static Electricity.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Explain why electrically neutral objects can become electrically charged even though charge cannot be created or destroyed.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

Guided Outline 13-2 Electric Current

II. Electric Current

A. Current and Voltage Difference

1. Electric Current

1. Define:____________________________________________

2. Electric Current is measured in _______________

2. Voltage Difference

This is the ______________ that causes electrons to flow.

Charges flow from _____________ to ________________.

Voltage Difference is measured in _____________.

3. Electric Circuits

This is what allows ______________ to flow through a path.

Must contain a _________________, __________________,

and ________________. The circuit must be____________ if

the electrons are to flow.

B. Batteries

1. Batteries provide the _______________ ________________ that is

needed to keep the current flowing in a circuit.

2. Current flows as long as there is a ______________ path that

connects ______________________________________________.

3. Current flows from _________________ to ___________________.

C. Resistance

1. Define: ___________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

2. Resistance is measured in _______________

3. All objects provide resistance. ___________________ have much less

resistance than _______________.

4. The best conductor is _______________________.

5. Factors that affect the amount of resistance:

o __________________ (The higher it is the more resistance)

o __________________ ( The longer the more resistance)

o __________________ (The thinner the more resistance)

D. Current in a Simple Circuit

1. A simple circuit MUST contain:

_____________________ such as a ___________________

_____________________ such as a ___________________

_____________________ such as a ___________________

2. Ohm’s Law ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

***** You will not need to know how to calculate any of the properties,

but be familiar with how they are related. *****

Examples

1. If voltage is increased, and

resistance stays the same, then

current _________________

2. If the voltage isn't increased but

resistance is increased, then

current __________________

E. Section 13-2 Summary

Current and Voltage Difference _________________ __________________ is the net movement of

________________ charge in a _________________ direction. A ______________ ________________ is related to the _______________ that

causes _______________ to ___________________. A ________________ is a closed, conducting path.

Batteries

Chemical reactions in a battery produce a ______________ ________________ between a ________________ and ________________ battery terminals.

Two commonly used types of batteries are _______________ and ______________.

Resistance and Ohm’s Law

____________________ is the tendency of a material to _____________ the flow of ________________.

Ohm’s law relates the _________________, I, _______________________, R, and __________________ _________________, V, in a ________________.

1. Compare and contrast a current traveling through a circuit with a static discharge.

2. Identify two ways to increase the current in a simple circuit.

3. Compare and contrast the flow of water in a pipe and the flow of electrons in a

wire.

4. Explain how the resistance of a light bulb filament changes after the light has been turned on.

Guided Outline 13-3 Electrical Energy

III. Electrical Energy

A. Series and Parallel Circuits 1. Series Circuits

Current has ____________ loop to flow through.

Can contain more than one load (light bulb) but doesn’t have to.

When any part of the series circuit becomes ___________, no

_____________ will flow through the circuit. A __________ bulb, or

a _________ can open a circuit.

Some examples of series circuits are ______________ and

_________________.

2. Parallel Circuits

Contains _______________ or more branches for current to flow. Contains more than one load (light bulb)

Advantage: When one branch of the circuit is open (such as a bulb burning out) the current _______________ to flow through the ___________ of the circuit. ________________, ____________ and most electrical systems use parallel wiring so individual parts can be __________ _________ without affecting the __________ circuit.

Diagram of a series circuit.

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B. Household Circuits

In the U.S. the __________________ is __________ for most outlets,

some are __________ for larger appliances like ___________ and

____________. The main switch (circuit breaker or ____________)

has several __________ circuits branching out of it. If some circuits draw

too much __________ at once, the wires may _______________ and

cause a fire. To protect against this overheating, all household circuits

contain a ___________ or _______________ to flip. The

_______________ will then need to be reset or a _____________ will have

to be replaced before that particular circuit will begin to ____________

again.

Diagram of a parallel circuit.

C. Section 13-3 Summary

Series and Parallel Circuits

A ________________ circuit has only ___________ path for current to follow. A

________________ circuit has two or more ______________ that current can

follow.

Household wiring usually consists of a number of connected

_____________________ circuits.

________________ and _________________ _________________ are used to

_______________ wires from overheating when the _________________ in the

wires becomes too ___________________.

Label each circuit below as either Parallel or Series

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

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NOTES UNIT REVIEW

14.

15.

17.

16.

18.

17.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

17.

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