electrical systems
DESCRIPTION
Electrical Systems. Conductors good electrical conductors. Copper, Steel, Gold and Silver. Insulators poor electrical conductors. Plastic, Rubber and Glass. Traditionally current flow form +ve to -ve. Electron flow theory ( Ohms Law ) electrons flow from –ve to +ve. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Electrical SystemsConductors good electrical conductors.
Copper, Steel, Gold and Silver
Insulators poor electrical conductors.
Plastic, Rubber and Glass
• Traditionally current flow form +ve to -ve
• Electron flow theory (Ohms Law) electrons flow from –ve to +ve
• Magnetic field is developed when current passes through a wire.
![Page 2: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Electrical Systems
Voltage is a measurement of the pressure that causes the electrical energy(Current) to flow.
• Same as water through pipe.
• No movement unless force or pressure is applied.
• Is measure in volts (V) and the symbol is E
![Page 3: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Electrical SystemsCurrent current flow is created when voltage moves electrons through a conductor.
• This flow is measured in amperes and the symbol is A
• Must be a complete circuit before the current can flow.
DC Direct Current flow (Automotive)
AC Alternating Current it changes its direction of flow (House)
![Page 4: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Electrical Systems
Resistance is opposition to current flow.• Amount is measured in Ohms
• Symbol R or Ω
Resistance of a conductor depends on:
• Type of material.
• Size or material (Wire Gauge)
• Length of the conductor.
• Temperature of the conductor (Lower the temperature, less the resistance)
![Page 5: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Electrical SystemsOHMS Law
• E = Voltage• I = Current• R = Resistance
Voltage (E) = Current (I) X Resistance
Current (I) = Voltage divided by Resistance
Resistance = Voltage divided by Current (I)
![Page 6: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Electrical Systems
Circuit Testers
• Test Light
• DVOM (Digital Voltage, Ohmmeter, Ammeter)
![Page 7: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Electrical Systems
Open Circuit
• When the electrical path is broken.
Reasons
• Burned fuse• Light bulbs• Broken wires• Defective switch
• Stops current flow and prevents operation of device.
![Page 8: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Electrical Systems
Grounded Circuit
• Damage to insulated wires.
• Copper to Iron
• Short to Ground• Short Circuit causes excess current flow.
![Page 9: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Electrical SystemsExcessive Resistance is the most common problem on vehicles.
• Lose or dirty connections.
• Undersized wires or cables.
• Broken strands of wire.
• Excessive heat buildups.
• Burned switch contacts.
• Excessively long wires.
![Page 10: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Electrical Systems
Diode
• Is a solid state electronic device that, allows the passage of an electrical current in one direction.
• Current flows from +ve to -ve
![Page 11: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ELECTRICAL CIRCUTS• Current flows from +ve to -ve
• Each circuit should have a • Power source (Battery)• Circuit protection device (Fuse)• Switch (open/close)• Load (bulb, horn, etc.)• Conductor (wires)
• Voltage is also known as electrical pressure.
![Page 12: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ELECTRICAL CIRCUTSSERIES CIRCUIT
• Power source and loads are in series.
• If the path is broken, no current flows. (Christmas lights)
• Voltage is divided between the loads.
• Current flow is same throughout the circuit.
• The resistance of each load can be different.
![Page 13: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ELECTRICAL CIRCUTSPARALLEL CIRCUIT
• More then one path for current flow.
• In the event of an open in one branch, current will continue to flow through the remaining.
• Each branch receives source voltage.
• Current flow and resistance of each branch could be different.
![Page 14: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
ELECTRICAL CIRCUTS
AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS(One wire circuit)
• Negative battery cable is attached to the car frame.
• Negative from each load is connected to the car frame.
• Vehicle’s body or frame acts as a conductor (wire)
![Page 15: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Circuit Protection Fuses (Protect the circuit from shorts)
![Page 16: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Circuit ProtectionFuses
![Page 17: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Wiring Type
Primary Wire is small and carries battery or alternator voltage.
• Colour coded
• Wiring size is measured in GAUGE• The thinner the wire, the higher the gauge number
• 18 gauge is thinner then 12 gauge.
![Page 18: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Wiring Repair
Crimp connectors and terminals
• Quick repair of automotive wiring.
Crimping pliers are used for connectors.
![Page 19: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Wiring RepairComputer control wires must be soldered for good connection, and heat shrunk.
![Page 20: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
WiringJumper Wire is used to by-pass circuits.If the component works after by-passing, the component is faulty.
![Page 21: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Electrical Systems
![Page 22: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Electrical Systems
![Page 23: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Electrical Systems
4
![Page 24: Electrical Systems](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081511/56815c27550346895dc9fabd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Electrical SystemsCredits• Google search engine (Images)