electrical and electronics lab manual ii csit

7/28/2019 Electrical and Electronics Lab Manual II CSIT

1/67

BVRIT, EEE Dept Electrical and Electronics Lab

Asst Prof G Anil Kumar and Asst Prof J Deepthi

Padmasri Dr B V Raju Institute of Technology

Narsapur, Medak(Dt)-502313.

II B.Tech I SEM CSIT 2011-2012

Electrical and Electronics Laboratory Manual


2/67



Guidelines to write your observation book:

1. Expt Title, Aim, Apparatus, Procedure should be right side.2. Circuit diagrams, Model graphs, Observations table, Calculations table should be left side.3. Theoretical and model calculations can be any side as per your convenience.4. Result should always be in the ending.5. You all are advised to leave sufficient no of pages between experiments for theoretical or

model calculations purpose.


3/67



ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS LAB

II B.Tech I SEM CSIT 2011-2012

List of Experiments

1. Verification of Superposition and Reciprocity theorems.

2. Verification of maximum power transfer theorem on DC with Resistive load.

3. Experimental verification of Thevenins theorem.

4. Magnetization characteristics of D.C. Shunt generator.

5. Swinburnes Test on DC shunt machine.

6. Brake test on DC shunt motor. Determination of performance Characteristics.

7. OC & SC tests on Single-phase transformer.

8. PN Junction Diode and Zener Diode Characteristics (Forward bias & Reverse bias).

9. Transistor CE Characteristics (Input and Output).

10. Half wave & Full wave rectifiers (with and with out filters).


4/67



Expt No: 1

SUPERPOSITION THEOREM AND RECIPROCITY THEOREM

AIM: Verification of Superposition theorem and reciprocity theorem theoretically and practically.

APPARATUS :

S.No Name of the equipment Range Type Quantity

1. Ammeter

2. Rheostats

3. DC Power Supply

4. Multimeter Digital

5. Connecting wires as per need

THEORY:

SUPERPOSITION THEOREM STATEMENT

In any linear bilateral network containing two or more energy sources the response at any

element is equal to the algebraic sum of the responses caused by the individual sources.

i.e. While considering the effect of individual sources, the other ideal voltage sources and ideal

current sources in the network are replaced by short circuit and open circuit across the terminals. This

theorem is valid only for linear systems.

RECIPROCITY THEOREM STATEMENT

In any linear bilateral network containing the response at any branch (or) transformation ratio is

same even after interchanging the sources is V/ I1 = V/ I2

THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS:


5/67



PROCEDURE:

SUPERPOSITION THEOREM:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in fig (1)

2. Current through load resistor is noted as IX by applying both the voltages V1 and V2 through RPS.

3. Make the supply voltage V2 short circuited and apply V1 as shown in fig (2) and note down the

current through load resistor as IY.

4. Make the supply voltageV1 short circuited and apply V2 as shown in fig (3) and note down the

current through load resistor as IZ.

5. Now verify that IX = IY + IZtheoretically and practically which proves Superposition theorem

RECIPROCITY THEOREM:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in fig (1).

2. Note down the ammeter reading as I1..

3. Now interchange the source and ammeter as in fig (2).

4. Note down the ammeter reading as I2..

5. Now verify that Vs/ I1 = Vs/ I2theoretically and practically which proves reciprocity theorem.


6/67



+

_

Fig-1

VS1

+

VS2

IX

+

_A

R1

R2

R3

Fig-2

VS1

+

IY

+

_A

R1

R2

R3

+

_

Fig-3

VS2

IZ

+

_A

R3

R2

R1

Fig-1

VS

+

I1

+

_A

R1

R2

R3

Fig-2

VS

+

I2

+

_A

R3

R2

R1

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS OF SUPERPOSITION THEOREM:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS OF RECIPROCITY THEOREM:


7/67



Observations:

When both the sources are acting: fig (1) When V1 source alone is acting: fig (2)

When V2 source alone is acting: fig (3)

TABULAR COLUMN OF RECIPROCITY THEOREM:

Before interchanging the sources: fig (1)

After interchanging the sources: fig (2)

VS1 VS2

Theoretical

IX

Practical

IXVS1 VS2

Theoretical

IY

Practical

IY

VS1 VS2

Theoretical

IZ

Practical

IZ

Theoretical values Practical values

Vs I1 Vs/ I1 I1 Vs/ I1


Vs I2 Vs/ I2 I2 Vs/ I2


8/67




9/67



PRECAUTIONS:

1. Avoid making loose connections.

2. Readings should be taken carefully with out parallax error.

3. Avoid series connection of voltmeters and parallel connection of ammeters.

RESULT:


10/67



Expt. No. 2

MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEOREM

AIM: To verify maximum power transfer theorem on DC with Resistive load theoretically and

practically.

APPARATUS :


1. Ammeter

2. Voltmeter

3. Rheostats

4. DC Power Supply

5. Multimeter Digital

6. Double Pole Double Throw Switch


THEORY:

THEOREM STATEMENT

It states that the maximum power is transferred from the source to the load, when the load

resistance is equal to the source resistance.



11/67



PROCEDURE:

1. Make the connections as shown in fig (1).2. By varying RL in steps, note down the reading of ammeter IL in each step.3. Connect the circuit as shown in fig (2), measure the effective resistance Rth.

with the help of digital multimeter.

4. Calculate power delivered to load PL in each step.5. Draw a graph PL Vs RL and find the RL corresponding to maximum power from it.6. Verify that RL corresponding to maximum power from the graph is equal to the Rth (which is

nothing but source resistance RS).

MODEL GRAPH:

RLRL corresponding to Pm

Pm

o

PL


12/67



Fig-3 To measure RL

VS

A

IL

DMM RL

R1

R2

Fig-1

+

VS RL

R1

R2

Fig-2

DMM

Rth

R1

R2

Fig-4 To measure IL

VS

A

IL

DMM RL

R1

R2

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:


13/67




14/67



OBSERVATIONS:

Tabular column:


S.No RL

IL PL= IL2RL IL PL= IL

2RL

MODEL CALCULATIONS:


15/67




16/67



PRECAUTIONS:


2. Readings should be taken carefully without parallax error.


RESULT:


17/67



Expt. No. 3

EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF THEVENINS THEOREM.

AIM: To verify Thevenins theorem theoretically and practically.

APPARATUS:


1. Ammeter

2. Voltmeter

3. Rheostats

4. DC Power Supply

5. Digital Multimeter


THEORY:

STATEMENT OF THEVENINS THEOREM:

Any two terminal linear bilateral network containing of energy sources and impedances can be

replaced with an equivalent circuit consisting of voltage source Vthin series with an impedance, Zth.,

where Vth is the open circuit voltage between the load terminals and Zth is the impedance measured

between the terminals with all the energy sources replaced by their internal impedances.


18/67



RL

Fig-1

_

IL

VS

A

R1

R2

R3

Fig-2

_VthVS

V

R1

R2

R3

Fig-3

RthVS= 0

DMM

R1

R2

R3

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:


19/67



Vth

Fig-4

+

Rth

RL

IL

+

_A


20/67



PROCEDURE:

THEVENINS THEOREM:1. Connections are made as per the circuit shown in fig (1).2. Apply DC voltage to the circuit and note down the current IL flowing through the load.3. Connect the circuit as shown in fig (2) by open circuiting the load resistance. Apply DC voltage

and note down the reading of voltmeter as Vth.

4. Connect the circuit as shown in fig (3), measure the effective resistance Rth. with the help of a

multimeter, by replacing the voltage source with short circuit.

5. Connect the Thevenins equivalent circuit as shown fig (4) note down the load current IL1

.

6. Thevenins theorem can be verified by checking that the currents IL and IL1 are equal.



21/67



OBSERVATIONS:

THEVENINS THEOREM:

PRECAUTIONS:


2. Readings should be taken carefully without parallax error.


RESULT:


Vs IL Vth Rth IL1

IL Vth Rth IL1


22/67



Expt No: 4

Magnetization Characteristics of DC Shunt Generator

Aim: To conduct an experiment on a D.C shunt generator and draw the magnetization

characteristics (Open Circuit Characteristics or OCC) and to determine the critical fieldresistance(RC) and critical speed (NC).

Apparatus:

Name plate details:

Theory:

Open circuit characteristics or magnetization curve is the graph between the generated emf(Eg) and field current (If) of a dc shunt generator. For field current is equal to zero there will be

residual voltage of 10 to 12V because of the residual magnetism present in the machine .If this is

absent then the machine can not build up voltage. To obtain residual magnetism the machine isseparately excited by a dc source. We can get critical field resistance (R C) and critical speed (NC)

from OCC.

Critical field resistance: It is the value of field rresistance above which the machine cannot buildup emf.

Critical speed: It is the speed below which the machine cannot build up emf.

S. No Apparatus Type Range Qty

1 Voltmeter M.C 0-500V 12 Ammeter M.C 0-1/2A 1

3 Rheostats Wire

wound400/1.7A 1

4 Tachometer Digital - 1


23/67




24/67

BV

RIT,EEEDept

ElectricalandElectronicsLab

AsstProfGAnilKumarandA

sstProfJDeepthi

DPSTSwitc

h

(0-300)V

MC

(0-2)A

MC

F FF

V+

400/

1.7A

AA

F

M

FF

230V

DC

Supply

+

DPSTSwitch F

use

3pointstarter

F

L

A

A

Fuse

AA

GA

A+

DCExciter+

Ci

rcuitdiagram:


25/67



Procedure:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.2. Motor is started with the help of Three Point starter and brought to its rated speed by varying

the field rheostat.

3. The Eg for If=0 is noted and the DPST switch on the DC Exciter side is closed.4. The DC Exciter is varied in steps and the values of Field current (I f) and corresponding

generated voltage (Eg) are noted down in each step, in both ascending and descending orders.

5.

Average Eg is calculated from ascending and descending orders.6. A graph is drawn between Eg & If. From the graph (OCC), Critical field resistance (RC) and

Critical (NC) speed are calculated.

Model Graph:

Q

A

CO

Eg (V)

If(A)

Rf

P

R


26/67



Tabular column:

Generated Voltage (Eg)S.No Field current

If(A)

Ascending

order

Descending

order

Average

Eg (V)

Calculations:

From the graph:

Critical field Resistance,OC

OAR

C=

Critical Speed, ratedC NPR

PQN =

Result:


27/67



Expt No : 5

SWINBURNE S TEST ON DC SHUNT MACHINE

Aim: To perform no load test on dc motor and to predetermine the efficiencies of the machine actingas both a motor and a generator.

Equipment:

S.No Apparatus Type Range Qty

1 Voltmeter MC 0-250v 1

2 Voltmeter MC 0-30V 1

3 Ammeter MC 0-5A 1

4 Ammeter MC 0-2A 1

Wire wound 400/1.7A 15 Rheostats

Wire wound 100/5A 1

Name plate details:

Theory:


28/67



(0-2)A

MC

400/1.7A

AA

M

230 V

DC

Supply

+DPST Switch

Fuse

A

A

(0-250)V

MC

V

+

+

Circuit diagram:

Circuit diagram to find out Ra:

(0-250)V

MC

(0-5)A

MC

(0-2)A

MC

L

+

400/

1.7A

AA

F

M

FF

230 V

DCSupply

+DPST Switch

Fuse

3 point starter

FA

A

A

+

A

V


29/67




30/67



Procedure:

1. Connections as made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Field rheostat is kept in minimum position and the motor is started with the help of 3-Point starter,

and is brought to rated speed by adjusting field rheostat.

3. The readings of both ammeters and voltmeter are noted down.

4. The efficiencies of the machine both as a motor and as a generator are calculated.

5. Graphs are drawn between output Vs efficiency for the Machine acting as a generator and as a

motor.

No-Load Test Observation table:

IL0 If V N

Calculations:

From No-Load Test:

== L0VIinputLoad-No

== fL0 IIcurrentArmatureLoad-No

== aR2

a0IlossCuArmatureLoad-No

=== a2

a0L0C RIVIlossCuArmatureload-Noinputload-NoWloss,Constant

= CW

To Predetermine Efficiency as a Motor:

== LVIinputMotor

=+=+= a2

fLCa

2

aC R)I-(IWRIWlossTotal

== lossTotal-inputMotorOutputMotor


31/67



== 100Input

Output

,Efficiency


32/67



To Predetermine Efficiency as a Generator:

== LVIOutputGenerator

=++=+= a2

fLCa

2

aC R)I(IWRIWlossTotal

=+= lossTotaloutputGeneratorInputGenerator

== 100Input

Output,Efficiency

Model Graph:

(%)

Motor

Generator

OOutput


33/67




34/67

BV

RIT,EEEDept



sstProfJDeepthi

MachineactingasaGenerator:

S.N

o

Voltage,

V(Volts)

Loadcurrent,

IL(A)

Output,

L

out

VI

P

=

Current,

Armature

f

L

a

I

I

I

+

=

Loss

Cu

Armature

a

R2

aI

Loss,

Total

a

2a

C

T

RI

W

W

+

=

Input,

T

out

in

W

P

P

+

=

Efficiency

(%),

100

PP

inout

=


35/67

BV

RIT,EEEDept



sstProfJDeepthi

MachineactingasaMotor:

S.N

o

Voltage,

V(Volts)

Loadcurrent,

IL(A)

Input,

L

in

VI

P

=

Current,

Armature

f

L

a

I

I

I

=

Loss

Cu

Armature

a

R2

aI

Loss,

Total

a

2a

C

T

R

I

W

W

+

=

Output,

T

in

out

W

P

P

=

Efficiency

(%),

100

PP

inout

=


36/67



Expt No: 6

BRAKE TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR AND TO DRAW ITS PERFORMANCE CURVES

Aim: To conduct brake test on DC Shunt motor. And to determine its performance curves.

Apparatus:

S. No Equipment Range Type Qty

1. Voltmeter 0-250V M.C. 1

2. Ammeter 0-20A M.C 1

3 Ammeter 0-1/2A M.C 1

4 Rheostat 400/1.7A Wire wound 1

5. Tachometer Digital type 1

6. Connecting wires

Name plate details:

Theory:


37/67



Procedure:

1. Connections as made as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Field rheostat is kept in minimum position and the motor is started with the help of 3-Point starter,

and is brought to rated speed by adjusting field rheostat.

3. By varying the load in steps, readings of ammeters, voltmeter, tachometer, spring balances, are

noted down.

4. Performance curves are to be drawn after completing the calculations.

Model graph:

N VS Torque

O

Ia VS N

Output VS

Ia VS


38/67

BV

RIT,EEEDept



sstProfJDeepthi

(0-2)A

MC

L

(0-250)V

MC

V+

400

/

1.7

A

AA

F

M

FF

230V

DC

S

upply

+

DPSTSwitch

Fuse

3pointstarter

AA

A

(0

-20)A

MC

S1

S2

A

+

Circu

itdiagram:


39/67

BV

RIT,EEEDept



sstProfJDeepthi

CalculationsTable:

S.N

o

Voltage,

V(Volts)

Linecurrent,

IL(A)

Speed,

N(rpm)

Springbalance

readings(Kgs)

S1

S2

Torque,

T=9.81(S1~S2)r

(N-m)

Outp

ut,

60N

T

2

Pout

=

Input,

L

in

VI

P

=

Efficien

cy(%),

100

PP

inout

=


40/67



Expt No: 7

OC & SC TESTS ON 1- TRANSFORMER

Aim: To conduct OC & SC tests on the given 1- Transformer and to calculate its equivalent circuit

parameters, efficiency & regulation.

Name plate details:

1- TRANSFORMER

Capacity 3KVA

I/P voltage 115V

I/P current 26A

O/P voltage 230V

O/P current 13A

Frequency 50Hz

Apparatus required:

S.No Apparatus Range Type Qty

1 Voltmeters 0-150V, 0-75V M.I 1, 1 No

2 Ammeters 0-2A, 0-15A M.I 1, No

3 Wattmeter

2A, 150V, 60W, LPF

15A, 50V, 600W, UPF

Dynamo meter1, 1 No

4 Auto T/F 230V/0-270V 1- wire wound 1 No


41/67



Procedure :

OC Test:

1. Connections are done as per the circuit diagram.2. Supply is Switched on and rated voltage is applied to the LV side by varying the

auto transformer.

3. The readings of Ammeter, Voltmeter & Wattmeter are noted down.

SC Test:

1. Connections are done as per the circuit diagram.2. Supply is Switched on and rated current is set through the HV winding by varying

the auto transformer.

3. The readings of Ammeter, Voltmeter & Wattmeter are noted down.


42/67

BV

RIT,EEEDept



sstProfJDeepthi

(0-2)A

MI

230V

115V

(0-150)V

MI

1-230V

50Hz

AC

Supp

ly

Ph

1

-Transfo

rmer

3KVA,230V

/115V

Open

Circuit

DPST

Variac

3KVA,230V

/(0-270)V

2A,150V

,60W,LPF

L

M C

V

Fig-1

V

A

OCTest

CircuitDiagram


43/67

BV

RIT,EEEDept



sstProfJDeepthi

230V

115V

(0-15)A

MI (0

-50)V

MI

1-2

30V

50Hz

AC

Supply

Ph

1

-Transformer

3KVA,

230V/115V

Short

Circuit

DPST

Variac

3KVA,230

V/(0-270)V

15A,50V,600W,UPF

L

M C

V

Fig-2

V

A

SCTest

CircuitDiagram


44/67



Observations:

O.C Test: S.C Test:

Model Calculations:

==00

00

IV

WCos

== 00 CosIIW

== 00 SinIIm

==WI

VR 00

==m

mI

VX 0

==202

sc

sc

I

WR

==sc

sc

I

VZ02

==2

02

2

0202 RZX

02

2

2

222

222 100

R)(xICu loss, WIron losssW

d currentf Full loaFraction oWhere, x

WWCosIxV

CosIxVEfficency

sci

sci

===

=

++

=

V0 I0 W0VSC ISC WSC


45/67



pfLoadCos Where

pfLeadforpfLagfor

V

SinXICos RI

gulation%

=

+

+

=

,

),(

100Re2

022022


46/67



Calculations Table:

Load Cu losses Total

losses

I/P power O/P power

%

Full

% RegulationP.F

lag lead


47/67



PRECAITIONS:

1) The Dimmer stat should be kept at minimum O/P position initially.

2) In OC test, rated voltage should be applied to the Primary of the Transformer.

3) In SC test, the Dimmer stat should be varied up to the rated load current only.

4) The Dimmer stat should be varied slowly & uniformly.

Result:


48/67



Expt No: 8

PN JUNCTION AND ZENER DIODES CHARACTERISTICS

Aim: To study the PN Junction Diode and Zener diode characteristics under forward

and reverse Bias conditions.

Apparatus:

S. No Equipment Range Type Qty

1. Regulated Power Supply 0 30V D C 1

2. Ammeter 0-200A M.C 1

3 Ammeter 0-1/2A M.C 1

4 Rheostat 400/1.7A Wire wound 1

5. Tachometer Digital type 1

6. Connecting wires

PN Junction Diode:

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:Regulated Power Supply 0 30VDC Ammeter 0 --200A,0

10mA. DC Voltmeter 0 -- 1V, 0--30V

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:Diodes 1N 4007, BY 127

Resistor 1K

BreadboardConnecting wires

Zener diode:

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:Regulated Power Supply 0 30VDC Ammeter 0 10mA, 0 30mA DC Voltmeter 0 -- 1V, 0--30V

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

Zener Diodes BZX5.1, BZX9.1Resistor 1K

Breadboard


49/67




50/67



Procedure:

FORWARD BIAS:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in the Figure

2. Connect the milli ammeter and voltmeter of suitable ranges

3. By vary the power supply voltage gradually in small steps and measure the forward

voltage Vf in incremental steps and note the current If at each incremental step of

0.1 voltages. Tabulate the readings.4. Draw the graph between Vfand If taking Vfon X-axis and Ifon Y-axis.5. Calculate the static and dynamic resistance of the diode

REVERSE BIAS:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in the Figure2. Connect the micro ammeter and voltmeter of suitable ranges

3. By vary the power supply voltage gradually in steps and measure the Reverse voltage

VR in incremental steps and note the current IR at each incremental stepof1 voltage.

Tabulate the readings.

4. Draw the graph between VR and IR taking VR on X-axis and IR on Y- axis.

5. Calculate the reverse resistance of the diode.

Model Graphs:

PN Junction Diode Zener Diode


51/67



Circuit diagrams:

PN Junction Diode:


52/67



ZENER DIODE:

FOEWARD BIAS CHARACTERISTICS


53/67



PN Junction Diode:

Zener Diode:

RESULT:


54/67




55/67



Expt No: 9

TRANSISTOR CE CHARACTERISTICS (INPUT AND OUTPUT)

Aim: To plot the transistor characteristics of common emitter configuration

Equipment Required:Regulated Power Supply 0 30V (Dual)DC Ammeter 0 100 UA, 0-10

mA. DC Voltmeter 0 -- 1V, 0--30V

Components Required:

Transistor BC 107,BC 547

Resistor 1K, 39KBreadboardConnecting wires

Theory:

INPUT CHARACTERISTICS:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure. Use milli ammeters of proper range

2. For input characteristics, first fix the collector - emitter voltage VCEat 5

volts. Now vary base-emitter voltage VBE in steps of 0.1 volts and note down

the corresponding emitter current IB.

3. Repeat the above procedure for collector emitter voltage VCEat 10V, 15V etc.

4. Plot the graph between base-emitter voltage VBEand Base current IBfor a constant

collector emitter voltage VCE.

5. Find the h parameters :( a) hre: Reverse voltage gain (b) hie: Input impedance

OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS:

1. For out put characteristics, first fix the Base current IB at 20A.Now vary

collector-emitter voltage VCE in steps of 1volts and note down the corresponding

collector current IC

2. Repeat the above procedure for Base current IB at30A,40A.

3. Plot the graph bet ween col lec to r Emi tter voltage VCE and collector

current IC for a constant Base current IB.


56/67



4. Find the h parameters: (a) hfe= Forward current gain. (b) hoe= Output admittance.


57/67



Circuit Diagram:

Model graphs:


58/67




59/67




60/67



Calculations:

1. Input dynamic resistance, ri = tconsVIV

CE

B

BE tan=

2. Output ac resistance, ro = AIIV

B

B

CE ____=

3. DC Current gain, _____== VII

CE

B

C

DC

4. AC Current gain, tcons

VI

ICE

B

C tan_____==

Result:

hie =

hfe =

hre =

hoe =


61/67



Expt No:10

HALF WAVE & FULL WAVE RECTIFIERS (WITH AND WITH OUTFILTERS)

AIM: Study of rectifiers with and with out capacitance filters half wave rectifier a n d full

w a v e r e c t i f i e r . To F i n d i t s Percentage o f regulation and Ripple factor.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:

CRO 0 20 M hz (Dual

trace) DC Voltmeter 0--30V

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

Diodes (1N 4007)

2Nos. Resistor (Variable) 10K

BreadboardConnecting wires

THEORY:


62/67



Procedure:

1. Connect the circuit diagram as shown in Figure.1

2. Connect CRO across the load. Keep the CRO switch in ground

mode and observe the horizontal line and adjust it to the X- axis.

3. Switch the CRO in to DC mode and observe the waveform. Notedown its amplitude, Vm and frequency from the screen along with

its multiplication factor.

4. Calculate Vdc using the relation Vdc =

vm

5. Switch the CRO in to AC mode and observe the waveform. Note

down its amplitude, Vm and frequency from the screen along withits multiplication factor.

6. Calculate Vac using the relation: V2 rms = V2ac +V2dc

7. Calculate the ripple factor from the given formula: =vv

dc

ac

8. Remove the load and measure the output DC voltage (DC mode) and calculate the

percentage of voltage regulation using the formula:

Percentage regulation =( )

100

vvv

noload

loadnoload %

9. To measure ratio of rectification, observe the power (DC and AC) using wattmeteracross the load. The ratio of rectification is given by Pac/Pdc

With Capacitor:1. Calculate the value of R by assuming C = 1000 F and f = 50 Hz

using the formula = 1/ 4 (3fRC) (assume as 0.002 or any small

value)

2. Connect the capacitor across the load resistance and proceed with

the above

Procedure from steps 1 9 as shown above. Follow the

above- mentioned procedure for Full Wave rectifier.


63/67



Circuit diagrams:

Half wave rectifier with out capacitor:

Half wave rectifier with capacitor:

Full wave rectifier with out capacitor:

Full wave rectifier with capacitor:


64/67




65/67



Model graphs:

Half wave rectifier model graph:

Full wave rectifier model graph:

Calculations:

Half wave rectifier:

1. Vrms =2

vm Vavg =

vm

2. ripple factor 12

2

=

v

v

avg

rms

3. Efficiency =4. Percentage efficiency =5. Peak inverse voltage (PIV) = Vm6. Form factor = Vrms / Vavg


66/67



7. Peak factor = Vpeak/ Vrms


67/67



Full wave rectifier:

1. Vrms =2

vm

2. Vavg =

vm2

3. ripple factor 12

2

=

v

v

avg

rms

Result:

electrical and electronics lab manual ii csit

Documents